In:Narrative, Literacy and Other Skills: Studies in intervention
Edited by Edy Veneziano and Ageliki Nicolopoulou
[Studies in Narrative 25] 2019
► pp. 245–261
Chapter 11Investigating the effectiveness of the Our Story App to increase children’s narrative skills
Lessons learnt from one English preschool classroom
Published online: 6 May 2019
https://doi.org/10.1075/sin.25.12kuc
https://doi.org/10.1075/sin.25.12kuc
Abstract
This chapter outlines a classroom-based intervention which consisted of using the Our Story iPad app to improve children’s narrative skills with a group of 30 English preschoolers for a period of six months. Children’s narrative skills were measured using a story retelling task with the wordless picture book Frog, Where Are You? (Mayer, 1992) and a personal story generation task. Children’s narrations were analyzed with a simplified version of the High Point Analysis framework that focused on the pragmatic features of children’s narratives, including orientation, evaluation and appendages. Results indicated that children’s narrative skills showed an increase in the number of words and an increase in the use of orienting and supplementary information. A range of qualitative observations showed changes in teachers’ plans and attitude towards the use of new technologies in the classroom setting. In addition, several issues were noted which were related to the challenges resulting from the practical implementation of a new technology in a busy classroom.
Keywords: iPads, narrative, early years, formative experiment, teachers’ plans
Article outline
- Introduction
- Supporting children’s narrative skills
- iPads and Apps for young children
- The current study
- Method
- Setting and design
- Participants
- Implementation and operation of the intervention
- Data for enabling and inhibiting factors
- Pre-tests and post-tests
- Coding
- Reliability of coding
- Results
- Discussion
- Enabling factors of the intervention
- Inhibiting factors during intervention
- Study limitations
Notes References
References (52)
Allen, M. S., Kertoy, M. K., Sherblom, J. C., & Pettit, J. M. (1994). Children’s narrative productions: A comparison of personal event and fictional stories. Applied Psycholinguistics, 15(2), 149–176.
Banaszewski, T. M. (2005). Digital storytelling: Supporting digital literacy in grades 4–12. Georgia, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology.
Calais, G. J. (2007). Bridging the gap between literacy research and instructional practice via formative experiments. National Forum of Teacher Education Journal, 17, 1–5.
Coiro, J., Knobel, M., Lankshear, C., & Leu, D. (Eds.) (2008). Handbook of research on new literacies. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Conrad, N. (2007). Fostering emergent literacy through parent/child reading relationships. In M. R. Jalongo (Ed.), Enduring bonds: Educating the young child, Vol. 1 (pp.107–127). Boston, MA: Springer.
Debaryshe, B. D. (1993). Joint picture-book reading correlates of early oral language skill. Journal of Child Language, 20(2), 455–461.
Department of Education (2013) English programmes of study: Key stages 1 and 2. National Curriculum in England. Available at: [URL]
Duncan, G. J., Dowsett, C. J., Claessens, A., Magnuson, K., Huston, A. C., Klebanov, P., … Japel, C. (2007). School readiness and later achievement. Developmental Psychology, 43(6), 1428–1446.
Flewitt, R. (2011). Multimodal literacies in the early years. Available at: [URL].
Flewitt, R., Messer, D., & Kucirkova, N. (2014). New directions for early literacy in a digital age: The iPad. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 15(3), 289–310.
González, N., Moll, L., & Amanti, C. (2005). Funds of knowledge: Theorizing practices in households, communities, and classrooms. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Guernsey, L. (2012). Can your preschooler learn anything from an iPad app? slate, Accessible at: [URL].
Ivanic, R., Edwards, R., Fowler, Z., & Smith, J. (2004). Literacy practices as resources for learning: Issues of identity, multimodality and fluidity. Relation. TLRP Publications.
Jewitt, C. (2008). Multimodality and literacy in school classrooms. Review of Research in Education, 32, 241–267.
Jokela, T., Lehikoinen, J. T., & Korhonen, H. (2008). Mobile multimedia presentation editor: Enabling creation of audio-visual stories on mobile devices. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on human factors in computing systems (pp.63–72). ACM.
Justice, L. M., & Ezell, H. K. (2002). Use of storybook reading to increase print awareness in at-risk children. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 11(1), 17–29.
Kucirkova, N. (2011). Digitalized early years: Where next? The Psychologist, December Issue, 938–940.
(2014b). iPads in early education: Separating assumptions and evidence. Frontiers in Educational Psychology, 5(715), 1–3.
(2014c). Children creating a,nd sharing stories in old and new book formats: Investigating the effects and processes of personalization. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Education and Language Studies (FELS), The Open University.
Labbo, L., & Reinking, D. (1999). Negotiating the multiple realities of technology in literacy research and instruction. Reading Research Quarterly, 34, 478–492.
Leu Jr, D. J., Kinzer, C. K., Coiro, J., & Cammack, D. W. (2004). Toward a theory of new literacies emerging from the internet and other information and communication technologies. In R. B. Ruddell, & N. J. Unrau (Eds.), Theoretical models and processes of reading, 5(1), 1570–1613.
Liles, B. Z. (1993). Narrative discourse in children with language disorders and children with normal language: A critical review of the literature. Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 36(5), 868–882.
Longtin, S. E. (1992). A pragmatic perspective on the narratives of working class African American preschool children. Howard Journal of Communications, 4, 92–104.
Lynch, J. S., & van den Broek, P. (2007). Understanding the glue of narrative structure: Children’s on-and off-line inferences about characters’ goals. Cognitive Development, 22(3), 323–340.
Marsh, J. (2002). Electronic Toys: Why should we be concerned? A response to Levin & Rosenquest (2001). Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 3, 132–138.
(2007). New literacies and old pedagogies: Recontextualizing rules and practices. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 11(3), 267–281.
Menig-Peterson, C. L., & McCabe, A. (1978). Children’s orientation of a listener to the context of their narratives. Developmental Psychology, 14(6), 582–592.
Moll, L. C., & Cammarota, J. (2010). Cultivating new funds of knowledge through research and practice. In K. Dunsmore, & D. Fisher (Eds.), Bringing literacy home. Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
Newman, D. (1990). Opportunities for research on the organizational impact of school computers. Educational Researcher, 19, 8–13.
Plowman, L., McPake, J., & Stephen, C. (2008). Just picking it up? Young children learning with technology at home. Cambridge Journal of Education, 38, 303–319.
(2010). The technologisation of childhood? Young children and technology in the home. Children & Society, 24(1), 63–74.
Reinking, D., Labbo, L., & McKenna, M. (2000). From assimilation to accommodation: A developmental framework for integrating digital technologies into literacy research and instruction. Journal of Research in Reading, 23(2), 110–122.
Roy, P., & Chiat, S. (2013). Teasing apart disadvantage from disorder: The case of poor language. In C. R. Marshall (Ed.), Current issue in developmental disorders (pp.125–150). Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press.
Sénéchal, M. (1997). The differential effect of storybook reading on preschoolers’ acquisition of expressive and receptive vocabulary. Journal of Child language, 24(1), 123–138.
Sénéchal, M., & LeFevre, J. A. (2002). Parental involvement in the development of children’s reading skill: A five-year longitudinal study. Child Development, 73(2), 445–460.
Sénéchal, M., Lefevre, J. A., Thomas, E. M., & Daley, K. E. (1998). Differential effects of home literacy experiences on the development of oral and written language. Reading Research Quarterly, 33(1), 96–116.
Sénéchal, M., Pagan, S., Lever, R, & Ouellette, G. P. (2008). Relations among the frequency of shared reading and 4-year-old children’s vocabulary, morphological and syntax comprehension, and narrative skills. Early Education and Development, 19, 27–44.
Shuler, C. (2012). iLearn II: An Analysis of the Education Category on Apple’s App Store. New York, NY: The Joan Ganz Cooney Centre at Sesame Workshop.
Sylva, K., Melhuish, E., Sammons, P., Siraj-Blatchford, I., Taggart, B., Smees, R, & Marsh, A. (2004). The effective provision of pre-school education (EPPE) project.
Tomasello, M. (2006). Acquiring linguistic constructions. In D. Kuhn, & R. Siegler (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology. New York, NY: Wiley.
Verhoeven, L., & Snow, C. E. (2001). Literacy and motivation: Reading engagement in individuals and groups. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Wang, F., & Hannafin, M. J. (2005). Design-based research and technology-enhanced learning environments. Educational Technology Research and Development, 53, 5–23.
Wohlwend, K. E. (2010). A is for avatar: Young children in literacy 2.0 worlds and literacy 1.0 schools. Language Arts, 88(2), 144–152.
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 2 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
