In:Variation in Second and Heritage Languages: Crosslinguistic perspectives
Edited by Robert Bayley, Dennis R. Preston and Xiaoshi Li
[Studies in Language Variation 28] 2022
► pp. 363–365
Subject index
Published online: 14 July 2022
https://doi.org/10.1075/silv.28.si
https://doi.org/10.1075/silv.28.si
A
- accomplishment verbs,159–192
- accusative,71–93, 315, 321, 325–326, 328
- achievement verbs,159–192
- activity verbs,159–192
- adjective(s),22, 28–30, 33–34, 141, 144–145, 149
- advanced learners,5, 15–16, 18, 20–21, 26, 30–31, 34–38, 67, 95, 127, 131–132, 148, 150, 159–160, 167, 176, 179, 186–188, 202, 204, 206, 211–215, 217–219, 223–225, 227–228, 230, 237, 244, 247, 249–250, 301, 317,
- adverb(s),141, 145, 159–192
- age,8, 20, 51, 62, 64, 66, 72, 75, 97–99, 102, 107, 119–122, 132, 134–135, 156, 169–170, 206, 208, 231, 233, 255, 258–264, 266, 283–284, 303, 307–308, 312, 317, 319, 338–340
- animacy,71–96, 313–316, 318–319, 329
- ANOVA,7
- article,226, 230, 237, 247, 328
- article deletion (French),237
- aspect,15–42, 159–192, 316, 329,; see also perfective and imperfective
- attitudes,253–278
B
- beginning learners,18–19, 36, 45, 130–131, 133, 202, 206, 214–215
- bilingual,6, 45, 49, 71–72, 98, 100–102, 112, 161, 163, 182, 184, 192, 224–225, 227–228, 230–234, 317, 331, 339–340, 353–354
- borrowing,99
- Buenos Aires,199–219
C
- case-marking,71–93
- Catalan,336–357
- children,8–10, 17–18, 43–70, 99, 110, 121–122, 129, 224, 254, 268, 270, 273–274, 317, 322, 340
- Chinese, Cantonese,97–126,; see also heritage Cantonese
- Chinese, Mandarin,15–42, 43–70,; see also heritage Mandarin
- classroom,9–10, 25, 72–73, 76, 80, 82, 84–88, 90–91, 134–135, 152, 160, 163, 170, 255, 272, 280–281, 283, 287, 289, 300–301, 344
- community of practice,74–75, 269
- complementary distribution,108
- complement(s),15, 21–24, 26, 29–34
- conditional inference tree,239–241
- consonant(s),5, 47, 54, 108, 129, 132–133, 140, 200, 202–203, 226, 237, 259–261, 263, 288, 291–292,
- consonant cluster(s),129, 137–138, 140–141, 143–145, 148–149, 288
- constraints (on variable),3, 7–9, 11, 14, 16, 29–32, 34–35, 37, 128, 262, 281, 283–286, 293, 295–296, 298, 301–302, 319, 331, 341, 348–349, 353–354
- conversation,15, 25, 30–33, 36–37, 85, 121, 227, 250, 253, 257–258, 265–267, 285, 287, 289, 302, 308, 311, 319, 322, 327
- copula deletion (English),3
- covert (deleted) NPs (Korean),74–75, 77, 84
- creoles,100
- Cumulative Enhancement Model,72
- cross-sectional,130–131, 133, 150, 159, 161, 170, 186, 188
D
- dative,316, 321, 323, 325–326, 328
- dentals,46–48, 53–55, 58–60, 64–65
- devoicing,203
- dialects,2, 10, 16, 45, 47, 64, 66, 103, 105, 129, 312–314, 318
- diffusion,98–99
- diphthongs,104
- discourse,15–16, 19–21, 25, 29, 31–33, 36–37, 71, 75, 78, 80–83, 201, 205, 254, 271, 273, 314
- DOM (Differential Object Marking),311–331
- domain,43, 45, 50
E
- education,43–45, 49, 64, 66, 137, 223–224, 257, 263, 265–269, 272–274, 284
- EOQ (Ethnic Orientation Questionnaire),106–111, 113–115, 117–120, 322
- estar,159–198
- ethnicity,3, 5, 45, 97–98, 106, 108–110, 113–114, 121, 301, 311, 313, 322–323, 328–329
F
- fixed-effects,59, 108, 116, 118, 134, 145, 147, 152, 260, 290, 346,
- formality,6, 8–10, 15, 37, 47, 62, 73–74, 137, 199–200, 205, 217, 227–228, 247, 253, 258, 269, 272–274, 281–282, 284, 287, 289–290, 302, 313, 344
- formants (F1, F2),7, 105, 108–109, 344
- free variation,142
- French, Canadian,223–251
- French, European,253–275, 279–303
- fricatives,7, 200, 208
G
- GEE (Generalized Estimating Equation),175, 189
- gender,15–16, 20–21, 25, 29, 34, 44, 167, 169, 172, 175, 206, 237, 242, 258–262, 266, 273, 281, 286, 289, 303, 307, 317, 329, 339, 342–344, 346, 349–353
- German,5–6, 162, 190,
- globalization,4, 46
- grammar,9, 18–19, 31, 100, 182, 187, 281, 301, 318, 321, 330, 354,
- grapheme,149, 153
H
- HLVC (Heritage Language Variation and Change),311
- habitual, see progressive
- heritage Cantonese,7, 97–126
- heritage French,7, 223–251
- heritage Hindi,317–318
- heritage Italian,7, 311–331
- heritage Mandarin,20, 43–67
- heritage Polish,270
- heritage Romanian,317–318
- heritage Spanish,3, 7, 168, 189, 317–318
- heritage language(s),3, 7, 11
- Hong Kong,103–104, 107
- hypercorrection,47, 54, 64
I
- immersion,5–6, 44, 49–50, 127–153, 211, 214–215, 218, 223–240, 279–303
- imperfective,16, 36, 166
- implicational scale,296–297, 300, 314
- indigenous,4
- interdental,201
- interference,99
- interlanguage,5, 31, 128, 139, 147, 150, 152
- intermediate learners,19, 30, 36, 202, 206, 215
- interview,20–21, 76, 97, 106, 108, 111–112, 136–138, 140, 144–145, 149, 206–209, 211–217, 233, 257, 287, 289, 293–295, 297–300, 302, 319, 344, 350
- Italian,7–8, 250, 311–331
K
- Korean,71–96
L
- L1 English,130–132, 134, 147–149, 152, 279–303
- L1 French,223–251, 279–303
- L1 Polish,253–275
- L1 Spanish,131, 148–149, 163, 167, 170, 174, 181, 186, 337–354
- L2 Catalan,303, 337–354
- L2 Chinese (Cantonese),97–122
- L2 Chinese (Mandarin),15–38, 43–67
- L2 French,223–251, 253–275, 279–303
- L2 Korean,71–73
- L2 Spanish,127–153, 159–192, 199–219
- /l/-deletion (French),281, 298, 303
- L3 (3rd language learning),71–93
- labiodental,3
- language change,1
- language shift,43, 61, 99
- laterals,337–354
- lax vowels, see tense vowels
- -le, Mandarin particle,15–38
- lexicon,46, 100, 340
- literacy,2
- longitudinal,130, 152, 303
- log-odds,29–34, 210–211, 214, 261, 323–324
- logistic regression,7, 27, 77, 79–80, 82, 85–89, 142, 175, 239–241, 243–244, 258, 292
M
- maintenance,10, 99, 275, 283
- Malaysian Mandarin,49
- matched-guise,3, 5, 6, 9, 52–53, 61, 339
- mixed-effects,7, 55, 59–60, 108, 110, 116, 118, 121, 127, 134, 147, 152, 239–241, 243–244, 279–280, 286, 290, 346–347
- modality, see mood
- monolingual,3, 11, 122, 160–161, 184, 231, 337, 353–354
- monophthongs,104–105
- mood,186, 209, 214–215, 217
- morphology,18, 100, 163, 165–166, 181–182, 190, 204, 225, 340
- morpho-syntax,225, 230, 250
- mother tongue,49, 103–104, 236–237
- multilingual,3, 9–10, 45, 71, 103, 273, 313, 331, 338
N
- negative ne deletion (French),4, 8, 10, 253, 255–256, 258–266, 269, 273–273, 282
- Neogrammarian,98
- network(s),9, 162, 201, 207–209, 212, 215–219, 231, 258, 279, 281, 283–284, 286–287, 290, 294, 298–303, 308, 311, 322, 328–329, 335
- nominative,71–93
- nonstandard,3
- normalized,108, 114, 345
- norms (sociolinguistic),6, 43–47, 63–65, 67, 160, 168, 170, 179–184, 187, 199–200, 203, 213, 216, 218, 228, 270–271, 273–274, 280, 303, 341, 353–354
O
- onset,106, 108, 116, 118–119, 129–130, 288, 342, 346–347, 349–350
- ontogeny model,130, 151
- order of acquisition,97–98, 302
P
- palatals,46–47, 54, 58–60, 199, 207, 209–211, 216, 218
- perception,1, 3–6, 46, 203–204, 218, 340
- perfective,15–16, 18–19, 36, 166
- person (grammatical),4, 8, 16, 71, 73, 75, 77–79, 81–82, 90, 167, 172, 199–219, 250, 293, 313, 315
- phonology,47, 66, 100, 113, 119, 225, 279, 340, 352
- place-names,223–251
- plurals,3, 78–79, 81–83, 167, 172, 225–226, 250
- Polish,253–275
- preposition deletion (Canadian French),234, 242
- prescriptive,129, 271–274, 312–313, 329, 338–340
- present (tense),36, 159–192, 209, 213–214, 217
- pronoun,8, 38, 199–219, 259, 261–263, 291, 295, 297–298, 301, 311, 313–316, 320, 323–327, 330
- progressive,8, 159–192
- pronunciation,26, 44, 47, 99, 103, 114, 120, 133–134, 140, 142–144, 149, 151, 200, 269, 271, 338, 343
R
- random effects,7, 60, 108, 116, 118, 134, 141, 145, 147, 152, 209, 238–241, 250, 290, 323, 326, 346
- regional,3
- Rbrul,7, 27, 31–32, 127–128, 134, 140–147, 152, 201, 208–209, 235, 238, 253, 258, 260, 270, 272, 280, 286, 290, 293–301
- retroflex,46–48, 53–55, 58–60, 64–65, 131, 133
- rhotics,127–158
- Russian,7, 21, 25, 30–33, 35–36, 38, 264
S
- /s/-deletion (Spanish),200, 203, 208, 218–219
- /s/-plural deletion (English),5
- /s/-weakening (Spanish),4–6, 199–219
- salience,8, 47, 190, 201, 209, 249
- schwa deletion (French),7, 9, 247, 279, 281, 284–285, 288–289, 291–303
- semantics,168, 189, 328,
- sheísmo/zheísmo,199–219
- sibilant,46–47, 54, 200
- Singapore,43–70, 71–93
- Singapore Mandarin,9, 43–67
- SNSS (Social Network Strength Scale),207–209, 211–212, 214–215, 217–218, 283–284, 287, 289, 293–294, 298–301, 303, 308
- social context,1, 9–10, 103
- social network(s), see network(s)
- sociolinguistic interview, see interview
- Spanish, Argentine,199–219
- Spanish, Ecuadoran,127–153
- Spanish, Mexican,159–192
- Spanish, peninsular,159–192
- spectrogram,138–139, 344
- speech community,6, 134, 160–161, 166, 170, 176, 190, 283–284, 290, 303, 340, 352–354
- stance,4, 257, 274
- standard,2–3, 9, 28, 43–44, 46–49, 54, 59–60, 62–67, 74, 225, 227–228, 235, 247, 249, 273, 281, 283, 312–314, 329–330, 339
- stative,18, 22–23, 159, 161, 164–166, 171, 173, 176–177, 183, 186–187, 190–191
- status (socioeconomic),5, 44, 46, 63–64, 66–67, 170, 202–203, 281, 303
- stereotype,4, 266, 303, 336–357
- stigmatized,201, 204, 219, 337, 339, 342, 352–353
- study abroad,2, 5, 8–9, 134–135, 150, 161, 170, 184, 192, 199–219, 279–303
- style,3, 127, 132, 137, 140, 143–145, 149, 152–153, 208, 258, 281, 284–286, 289–290, 302, 342, 344, 346, 350–353
- Swiss German,285
- syllable,6, 47, 104, 129–130, 132, 137–138, 140–146, 148–149, 152, 288, 342, 346 349–350, 352–353
- syntax,100, 317, 331, 340
T
- Tamil,45
- taps,127–153
- Tense Aspect Mood paradigm,186
- tense vowels,104–105
- Third Wave (in sociolinguistics),4
- trill,127–153
- topic,256, 265–266, 288
- Toronto,97–122, 311–331
- transmission,98–99,
- type 1 & type 2 variation,2, 38, 74–75, 77, 82–83, 88–89, 91–92, 128
- tu,258, 281, 283–284, 288,
- tú,4, 178, 208–209, 213–214, 217
U
- universals,3, 190, 260
- unrounded (vowels),47, 54, 59–60, 65, 104
V
- VARBRUL,7, 132–134
- verb tense,16, 166, 186, 190, 213, 217
- vernacular,2, 202, 227–228, 247, 249, 274, 281
- vos(otros),4, 8, 199–219
- voseo,199–201, 210, 213, 218
- vowel(s),47, 65, 97–122, 292, 345, 347–348
W
- waveform,138–139, 344
- WEIRD (Western, Educated speakers from Industrialized, Rich, Democratic nations),2
- word-reading task,52, 54, 64, 344, 359
- written task(s),71–96, 159–192
