In:Language Variation - European Perspectives VII: Selected papers from the Ninth International Conference on Language Variation in Europe (ICLaVE 9), Malaga, June 2017
Edited by Juan-Andrés Villena-Ponsoda, Francisco Díaz Montesinos, Antonio Manuel Ávila-Muñoz and Matilde Vida-Castro
[Studies in Language Variation 22] 2019
► pp. 103–118
Chapter 6Virtual sociolinguistics
From real-time surveying to virtual-time archival sources for tracing change longitudinally
Published online: 12 December 2019
https://doi.org/10.1075/silv.22.06her
https://doi.org/10.1075/silv.22.06her
Abstract
The limitations of apparent-time approaches and
the difficulties of conducting studies in real-time for
observing language change have traditionally been one of
the main methodological concerns in sociolinguistics since
the 1960s. However, archived radio recordings and
historical corpora of written correspondence have recently
been demonstrated to be excellent sources for both
cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches. The aim of
this paper is to show the results from two studies where
radio and historical archival sources afford comparative
evidence for tracing language change developments. The
conclusions suggest that these resources offer a
privileged perspective for the historical reconstruction
of linguistic change in present-day or remote languages,
functioning as virtual approaches where the problem of
real-time in the longitudinal
research procedure is conveniently neutralised.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Trend study with radio archive sources
- 3.Panel study with historical corpora of written correspondence
- 4.Conclusion
References
References (57)
Bauer, Laurie. 2002. Inferring
variation and change from public
corpora. In J. K. Chambers, P. Trudgill and N. Schilling-Estes (eds.), The
handbook of language variation and
change, 97–114. Oxford: Blackwell.
Bayley, R. 2002. The
quantitative
paradigm. In J. K. Chambers, P. Trudgill and N. Schilling-Estes (eds.), The
handbook of language variation and
change, 117–141. Oxford: Blackwell.
Bergs, Alexander. 2005. Social
networks and historical sociolinguistics. Studies
in morphosyntactic variation in the Paston Letters
(1421–1503). Berlin-New York: de Gruyter.
. 2007. Spoilt
for choice? <The> problem < þe> in
<Ðe> Peterborough
Chronicle. In Alexander Bergs and Janne Skaffari (eds.), The
language of the Peterborough
Chronicle, 45–56. Bern: Peter Lang.
Bowie, David and Malcah Yaeger-Dror. 2016. Language
change in real
time. In P. Honeybone and J. Salmons (eds.), Handbook
of historical
phonology, 603–618. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cantos, Pascual. 2012. The
use of linguistic corpora for the study of
linguistic variation and change: Types and
computational
applications. In J. M. Hernández-Campoy and J. C. Conde-Silvestre (eds.), The
handbook of historical
sociolinguistics, 99–122. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.
Conde-Silvestre, J. C. and J. M. Hernández-Campoy. 2004. A
sociolinguistic approach to the difussion of
chancery written practices in late fifteenth
century private
correspondence. Neuphilologische
Mitteilungen 105 (2). 133–152.
. 2013. Tracing
the generational progress of language change in
fifteenth century English: The diffusion of
<th> in the Paston
Letters. Neuphilologische
Mitteilungen 114 (3). 279–299.
Cukor-Avila, P. and G. Bailey. 2018. The
effect of small Ns and gaps in contact on panel
survey
data. In S. E. Wagner and I. Buchstaller (eds.), Panel
studies of variation and
change, 210–245. New York: Routledge.
Eckert, Penelope. 1997. Age
as a sociolinguistic
variable. In F. Coulmas (ed.), The
handbook of
sociolinguistics, 151–167. Oxford: Blackwell.
Fernández de Molina, Elena and J. M. Hernández-Campoy. 2018. Geographic
varieties of
Spanish. In Kimberly Geeslin (ed.), The
Cambridge handbook of hispanic
linguistics, 496–528. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gertenberg, A. and A. Voeste (eds.) 2015. Language
development: The lifespan
perspective. Amsterdam-Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing.
Gregersen, Frans, Marie Maegaard and Nicholai Pharao. 2009. The
long and short of (æ)–variation in Danish -a panel
study of short (æ) variants in Danish in real
time. Acta
Linguistica
Hafniensia 41. 64–82.
Gregersen, Frans, Torben Jensen and Nicholai Pharao. 2018. Comparing
speech samples: On the challenge of comparability
in panel studies of language change in real
time. In S. E. Wagner and I. Buchstaller (eds.), Panel
studies of variation and
change, 155–180. New York: Routledge.
Hernández-Campoy, J. M. and J. C. Conde-Silvestre. 1999. The
social diffusion of linguistic innovations in 15th
century England: Chancery spellings in private
correspondence. Cuadernos
de Filología
Inglesa 8. 251–274.
Hernández-Campoy, J. M. and P. Trudgill. 2002. Functional
compensation and southern peninsular Spanish /s/
Loss. Folia
Linguistica
Historica XXIII. 31–57.
Hernández-Campoy, J. M. and J. M. Jiménez-Cano. 2003. Broadcasting
standardisation: An analysis of the linguistic
normalisation process in
Murcia. Journal of
Sociolinguistics 7 (3). 321–347.
Hernández-Campoy, J.M. 2008a. Sociolinguistic
aspects of Murcian
Spanish. International
Journal of the Sociology of
Language 193. 121–138.
. 2008b. Overt
and covert prestige in Late Middle English: A case
study in East
Anglia. Folia
Linguistica
Historica 29. 1–26.
Hernández-Campoy, J. M. and J. A. Villena-Ponsoda (2009). Standardness
and non-standardness in Spain: Dialect attrition
and revitalisation of regional dialects of
Spanish. International
Journal of the Sociology of
Language 196/197. 181–214.
Hernández-Campoy, J. M. and J. C. Conde-Silvestre. 2012. The
handbook of historical
sociolinguistics. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.
Hernández-Campoy, J. M. and N. Schilling. 2012. The
application of the quantitative paradigm to
historical sociolinguistics: Problems with the
Generalizability
Principle. In J. M. Hernández-Campoy and J. C. Conde-Silvestre (eds.), The
handbook of historical
sociolinguistics, 65–81. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.
Hernández-Campoy, J. M. and T. García-Vidal. 2018a. Persona
management and identity projection in English
Medieval Society: Evidence from John Paston
II. Journal of
Historical
Sociolinguistics 4 (1). 1–31.
. 2018b. Style-shifting
and accommodative competence in Late Middle
English written correspondence: Putting audience
design to the test of
time. Folia
Linguistica
Historica 39, 383–420.
Hernández-Campoy, J. M., J. C. Conde-Silvestre and T. García-Vidal. 2019. Tracing
patterns of intra-speaker variation in historical
corpora of English correspondence: Data from
HiStylVar
Project. Studia
Anglica Posnaniensia, in
press.
Hernández-Campoy, J. M. Forthcoming. Corpus-based
individual lifespan change in Late Middle
English. In K. V. Beaman and I. Buchstaller (eds.), Language
variation and language change across the lifespan:
Theoretical and empirical perspectives from panel
studies. New York: Routledge.
Labov, William. 1966. The
social stratification of English in New York
City. Washington D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics.
Maegaard, Marie, Torben Jensen, T. Kristiansen and J. N. Jørgensen. 2013. Diffusion
of language change: Accommodation to a moving
target. Journal of
Sociolinguistics 17 (1). 3–36.
Monroy, R. and J. M. Hernández-Campoy. 2015. Illustrations
of the IPA: Murcian
Spanish. Journal of
the International Phonetic
Association 45 (2). 229–240.
Nevala, Minna and Minna Palander-Collin 2005. Letters
and letter writing:
Introduction. European
Journal of English
Studies 9 (1). 1–7.
Nevalainen, Terttu and Helena Raumolin-Brunberg. (eds.) 1996. Sociolinguistics
and language history. Studies based on the Corpus
of Early English
Correspondence. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
. 2003. Historical
sociolinguistics. Language change in Tudor and
Stuart
England. London: Longman Pearson Education.
Nevalainen, Terttu and S. K. Tanskanen. (eds.) 2007. Letter
writing. Amsterdam-Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing.
Nordberg, Bengt and Eva Sundgren. 1998. On
observing real-time language change: A Swedish
case
study. Uppsala: Uppsala University.
Pallander-Collin, Minna. 2010. Correspondence. In A. H. Jucker and I. Taavitsainen (eds.), The
handbook of historical
pragmatics, 677–703. Berlin-New York: de Gruyter.
Sankoff, Gillian. 2006a. Cross-sectional
and longitudinal
studies. In U. Ammon, N. Dittmar, K. J. Mattheier and P. Trudgill (eds.), Sociolinguistics:
An international handbook of the science of
language and
society (Vol. 2), 1003–1013. Berlin: de Gruyter.
. 2006b. Age:
Apparent time and real
time. In K. Brown (ed.), Elsevier
encyclopedia of language and
linguistics, 573–579. Oxford: Elsevier.
. 2006c. Age
grading in retrograde movement: The inflected
future in Montréal
French. University
of Pennsylvania Working Papers in
Linguistics 12 (2). 1–14.
. 2013. Longitudinal
studies. In Robert Bayley, Richard Cameron and Ceil Lucas (eds.), The
Oxford handbook of
sociolinguistics, 261–279. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Schäfer, Ursula. 1996. The
Late Middle English Paston
letters: A grammatical case in point for
reconsidering philological
methodologies. In Jürgen Klein and Dirk Vanderbeke (eds.), Anglistentag
1995
Greifswald, 313–323. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
Schneider, Edgar. 2002. Investigating
variation and change in written
documents. In J. K. Chambers, P. J. Trudgill and N. Schilling-Estes (eds.), The
handbook of language variation and
change, 67–96. Oxford: Blackwell.
Stenroos, Merja. 2004. Regional
dialects and spelling conventions in Late Middle
English. Searches for (th) in LALME
data. In M. Dossena and R. Lass (eds.), Methods
and data in English historical
dialectology, 257–285. Bern: Peter Lang.
. 2006. A
Middle English mess of fricative spellings:
Reflections on thorn, yogh and their
rivals. In M. Krygier and L. Sikorska (eds.), To
make his English sweete upon his
tonge, 9–35. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Tillery J. and G. Bailey. 2003. Approaches
to real time in dialectology and
sociolinguistics. World
Englishes 22. 351–365.
Trudgill, Peter. 1988. Norwich
revisited: Recent linguistic changes in an English
urban
dialect. English
World-Wide 9. 33–49.
Van de Velde, Hans, Marinel Gerritsen and Roeland Van Hout. 1996. The
devoicing of fricatives in standard Dutch: A
real-time study based on radio
recordings. Language
Variation and
Change 8. 149–175.
Van de Velde, Hans, Roeland Van Hout and Marinel Gerritsen. 1997. Watching
Dutch change: A real time study of variation and
change in standard Dutch
pronunciation. Journal
of
Sociolinguistics 1 (3). 361–391.
Wagner, Suzanne. 2012. Age
grading in sociolinguistic
theory. Language
and Linguistics
Compass 6 (6). 371–382.
Wagner, Suzanne and Isabelle Buchstaller. (eds.) 2018. Panel
studies of variation and
change. New York: Routledge.
Zhang, Qing. (2012). ‘Carry
shopping through to the end’: Linguistic
innovation in a Chinese television
program. In J. M. Hernández-Campoy and J. A. Cutillas-Espinosa (eds.), Style-shifting
in public: New perspectives on stylistic
variation, 205–224. Amsterdam-Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing.
