Peter of Spain

Language in Dispute

An English translation of Peter of Spain's Tractatus called afterwards Summulae Logicales, based on the critical edition by L.M. de Rijk

Author

Francis P. Dinneen | Georgetown Univeristy

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This volume presents an English translation of Petrus Hispanus Portugalensis’ (d. 1277) Tractatus — called afterwards Summulae Logicales — on the basis of the critical edition established by L. M. de Rijk (1972). The Summulae’s first part (I-V) introduces Aristotelian ideas familiar enough at the time to be called Old Logic; the second (VI-XII) studies properties of terms, then considered novelties of Modern Logic. The two most important properties of terms were Supposition (meaning-as-reference) and Signification (meaning-as-sense). Among the questions raised were how senses and referents are related. Classifications recorded by Hispanus became part of Western traditional education. His Summulae was widely required as a text for generations, and later texts borrowed, amended, rejected or extended parts of it. The Summulae is also worth evaluating in the light of debate about the ‘scientific’ status of Linguistics. Hispanus claimed Dialectic was a study prerequisite to all others, because it shows how to test their fundamental assumptions. Norms he proposed for this rigorous interpretation of language are public, refutable, and countable, all characteristics claimed for ‘science’.

[Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 39] 1990. xl, 271 pp.

Publishing status: Available
Published online on 3 October 2011

https://doi.org/10.1075/sihols.39

Table of Contents

Prelim pages | pp. i–iv

Acknowledgements | pp. v–5

Foreword | pp. vi–6

Contents | pp. vii–xvi

Introduction | pp. xvii–xl

Summulae Logicales

Tract I: On Introductory Notions | pp. 1–16

On Dialectic
On Sound
On Vocal Expression (Vox)
On the Noun
On the Verb
On the Word - Group (oratio)
On the Proposition
On the Categoric Proposition and its threefold division
On the Hypothetic Proposition and its Division
On Mode
On Modal Propositions

Tract II: On Predicables | pp. 17–24

On Predicable
On Commonalities and Differences of Predicables
On Predication
On Denominatives

Tract III: On Predicaments | pp. 25–37

On some prefatory notions
On Substance
On Quantity
On Compared-to-Another (Relation)
On Quality
On Action
On Passion (to undergo: Pati)
On a four-fold opposition
On Prior
On Together
On Change (Motus)
On Possession (Habere)

Tract IV: On Syllogisms | pp. 38–48

On the Proposition
On the Syllogism
On the First Figure
On the Second Figure
On Reduction through the Impossible
On the Third Figure
On some Rules
On unusable Connexities (conjugatio)

Tract V: On Topics | pp. 49–68

On the multiple ambiguity of Ratio
On Argument and Argumentation
On Topic in General
On Intrinsic Topics
On the Topic from Substance
On the Topic from Concomitants of Substance
On the Topic from Cause
On the Topic from Generation
On the Topic from Corruption
On the Topic from Uses
On the Topic from Things Commonly Co-occurring
On Extrinsic Topics
On the Topic from Opposites
On the Topic from the Greater and the Lesser
On the Topic from Like
On the Topic from Proportion
On the Topic from Transfer
On the Topic from Authority
On Mediate Topics
On the Topic from Conjugates
On the Topic from Derivates (cases)
On the Topic from Division

Tract VI: On Suppositions | pp. 69–75

On Signification
On Supposition and Copulation
On the Division of Supposition

Tract VII: On Fallacies | pp. 76–163

Introduction
On the Definition of Disputation
On the Division of Disputation
On Sophistical Disputation and its Ends
On the thirteen Fallacies
On Linguistic Fallacies
On Equivocation
On the Definition of Fallacy
On the Definition of Equivocation
On the Division of Equivocation
On Amphiboly
On the Definition of Amphiboly
On the Modes Common to Equivocation and Amphiboly
On Composition and Division
On Potential Polysemy
Objections
On Composition
On Division
On Accent
On the Definition of Accent
On the Causes and Modes of Accent
Doubts
On Word-Figure
On the Mode of Signifying in a Word (dictio)
On Figure
On Word-Figure
On Causes and Modes of Word-Figure
On Extralinguistic Fallacies
On Accident
On Causes and Modes of Accident
On The Fallacy After-A-Fashion and Simply
On the Definition of these Terms
On Causes and Modes of this Fallacy
On Ignoring Refuting Evidence
On Refutation (elenchus)
On Ignorance
On Ignorantia elenchi
On the Causes and Modes of this Fallacy
On Assuming the Point at Issue
On its Definition
On Causes amd Modes of this Fallacy
On The Fallacy of Consequent
On Consequence
On Causes and Modes of this Fallacy
On the Fallacy of Non-Cause as Cause
On two kinds of Syllogism
On the Fallacy of Non-cause as Cause
On the Causes of this Fallacy
On the Fallacy of Many Questions as One
On Statement, Proposition, Interrogation and Conclusion
On Reduction of all Fallacies
On two kinds of Ignoring the Point at issue
On generic Reduction
On specific Reduction

Tract VIII: On Relatives | pp. 164–171

On two kinds of Relative
On Substantive Relatives
On Identical Relatives
Questions
Doubts
On Relatives of Diversity
On a rule about a Relative of Diversity
On a rule about a relative of Identity given by predecessors
Objections
On a certain rule about a Relative of Identity
On Relatives of Accident
On division of a Relative of Accident
On Relatives of Accidental Identity
On the words such, so great, so many, as often, so often

Tract IX: On Extensions | pp. 172–174

On Personal Supposition
On Restriction and Extension
On the Division of Extension
A Sophism
On two Rules

Tract X: On Appellations | pp. 175–176

On the Definition of Appellation
On the Division of Appellation
On the Appellation of a Common Term

Tract XI: On Restrictions | pp. 177–184

On the Definition of Restriction
On the Division of Restriction

Tract XII: On Distributions | pp. 185–205

On the Definition of Distribution
On Universal Markers

| pp. 206–207

Index of Words and Things | pp. 208–260

Index of Sophisms and Examples | pp. 261–271

Cited by (7)

Cited by seven other publications

Order by:

Macagno, Fabrizio & Lucia Salvato

2023. Argumentation and the interpretation of religious texts. Journal of Argumentation in Context 12:1 ► pp. 2 ff.

Anghelescu, Alexandru

2016. Evolutionism. Logic, Language and Thought. On the “Miraculous” Order of the World. Procedia Environmental Sciences 32 ► pp. 184 ff.

de Freitas, A. J. Gonçalves

2002. Apontamento Histórico Pedro Hispano E O Tractatus. Disputatio 1:13 ► pp. 47 ff.

Koerner, E. F. K.

2001. R. H. Robins, J. R. Firth, and Linguistic Historiography. Henry Sweet Society for the History of Linguistic Ideas Bulletin 36:1 ► pp. 5 ff.

Matthews, Gareth, Calvin Normore & Terence Parsons

1997. Introduction. Topoi 16:1 ► pp. 1 ff.

Parsons, Terence

1997. Supposition as Quantification versus Supposition as Global Quantificational Effect. Topoi 16:1 ► pp. 41 ff.

Parsons, Terence

1997. Missing Modes of Supposition. Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 23 ► pp. 1 ff.

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Peter of Spain

Language in Dispute

An English translation of Peter of Spain's Tractatus called afterwards Summulae Logicales, based on the critical edition by L.M. de Rijk

Cited by seven other publications

Linguistics

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