Cover not available

In:History of Linguistics 2021: Selected papers from the 15th International Conference on the History of the Language Sciences (ICHoLS 15), Milan, 28 August – 1 September
Edited by Savina Raynaud, Maria Paola Tenchini and Enrica Galazzi
[Studies in the History of the Language Sciences 133] 2024
► pp. 129–144

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload Book PDF
EPUB logo with download linkDownload Book EPUB
authorization required

Chapter 9
Constituent-order in Sanskrit Bahuvrīhi compounds

The role of the qualifier

 | Università di Pisa
 | Università di Cagliari
Published online: 28 November 2024
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/sihols.133.09can
Modern and ancient interpreters contrast karmadhārayas, made up of two co-referential constituents, i.e. a qualifier and a qualificand, with bahuvrīhis, in an attempt to understand “where” the “adjective” occurs. They concentrate on the fact that, unlike in karmadhārayas, in bahuvrīhis the qualifier unexpectedly occupies the right-hand slot. Pāṇini’s compounding rules are indeed targeted on singling out the non-head of the compounds which is attributed the first place by default, mirroring the natural order of the alternating syntagm. In particular cases some different principles govern their constituent-order: one of them, illustrated in Aṣṭādhyāyi 2.2.35, is based on the concept of viśeṣaṇa which shares several features with the modern notion of qualifier. The present inquiry aims at showing how in Pāṇini’s system the concept of upasarjana as the constituent whose syntax is frozen is kept separated from that of qualifier, with the consequent re-appraisal of his role within the history of linguistics.
Article outline
  • 1.Constituent order and its relevance in compounding
  • 2.Bahuvrīhi in Pāṇini’s description
  • 3.Bahuvrīhi constituent-order as a special case
    • 3.1viśeṣaṇa constituents in the Bahuvrīhi
    • 3.2Locative constituents in the Bahuvrīhi
  • 4.Conclusion
  • Notes
  • References
References (27)
References
Bopp, Franz. 1827. Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der Sanskrita Sprache. Berlin: Dümmler.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Brugmann, Karl. 1905–1906. Grundriß der Indogermanischen Sprachen. Berlin: De Gruyter.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Candotti, Maria Piera & Tiziana Pontillo. 2014, “Pāṇini’s zero morphs as allomorphs in the complexity of linguistic context”. Proceedings of the Workshop “The Indian Traditions of Language Studies”, XI ICHOLS 2008, edited by Jean-Luc Chevillard & Emilie Aussant, Bulletin d’Etudes Indiennes 32.55–85.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2019. “Lexical subordination in derivation and compounding”. Studi e Saggi Linguistici 58:2.155–175.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2022. “Dispensing with ellipsis in the analysis of Sanskrit bahuvrīhi: Resurfacing, testing and assessing Pāṇini’s model”. Proceedings of Special theme Session 1 in 35th South Asian Languages Analysis Roundtable: Ellipsis in South Asian Languages) edited by Emily Manetta. Journal of South Asian Linguistics 12:1.1–22.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cardona, George. 2013. “Pāṇini and Pāṇinīyas on śeṣa relations”. Indological research: different standpoints edited by P. C. Muraleemadhavan, 99–146. Delhi: New Bharatiya.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Delbrück, Berthold. 1878. Die altindische Wortfolge aus dem Çatapathabrāhmana dargestellt. Halle: Verlag der Buchhandlung des Weisenhauses.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gillon, Brendan. 2008. “Exocentric Compounds in Classical Sanskrit”. First International Sanskrit Computational Linguistics Symposium, Oct 2007, Rocquencourt, France, edited by Gérard Huet & Amba Kulkarni. [URL]. <inria-00202860>.
Gillon, Brendan & Benjamin Shaer. 2005. “Classical Sanskrit, ‘Wild Trees’, and the Properties of Free Word Order Languages”. Universal Grammar in the Reconstruction of Ancient Languages edited by Katalin É. Kiss, 457–493. Berlin / Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hock, Hans Heinrich. 2015. “Some Issues in Sanskrit Syntax”. Selected Papers Presented at the Seminar on Sanskrit Syntax and Discourse Structures, 13–15 June 2013, Université Paris Diderot, with an updated and revised bibliography by Hans Henrich Hock, Peter M. Scharf, 1–52. Providence: The Sanskrit Library.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Insler, Stanley. 1998. “mitrā́várunā or mitrā́ várunā ?”. Mír Curad: Studies in Honor of Calvert Watkins edited by Jay Jasanoff, H. Craig Melchert & Lisi Olivier, 283–290. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Joshi, S. D. & J. A. F. Roodbergen. 1995. The Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini with Translation and Explanatory Notes, Vol. IV (1.4.1–1.4.110). New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kiparsky, Paul. 1979. Pāṇini as a Variationist. Pune: Poona University Press / Cambridge: MIT Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1982. “From Cyclic Phonology to Lexical Phonology”. The Structure of Phonological Representation, Vol. 1 edited by H. van der Hulst and N. Smith, 131–175. Dordrecht: Foris.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2010. “Dvandvas, Blocking, and the Associative: the bumpy ride from phrase to word”. Language 86:2.302–331. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kobayashi, Masato 2021. “Pāṇini’s Definition of the Bahuvrīhi as śeṣa ‘Remainder’”. Śabdānugama. Indian Linguistic Studies in Honor of George Cardona. Volume I Vyākaraṇa and Śabdabodha edited by in Peter M. Scharf, 217–236. Providence: The Sanskrit Library.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lindner, Thomas. 2011. Komposition (Indogermanische Grammatik 4,1). Heidelberg: Winter 2011.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lowe, John J. 2015. “The Syntax of Sanskrit Compounds”. Language 91:3. 71–114. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lundquist, Jesse & Anthony D. Yates. 2018. “The Morphology of Proto-Indo-European”. Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics edited by Jared Klein, Brian Joseph & Matthias Fritz (in cooperation with Mark Wenthe) Vol. 3, 2079–2195. Berlin: de Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pontillo, Tiziana 2013. “‘Where the Sense is Intended although the Corresponding Speech Unit is not Employed’: the ekaśeṣa case”. Vyākaraṇa Across the Ages. Proceedings of the 15th World Sanskrit Conference, Delhi 5–10 January 2012 (Vol. II: Vyākaraṇa Session edited by George Cardona, 107–143. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld.
Radicchi, Anna. 1985–1988. La teoria pāṇiniana dei samāsa secondo l’interpretazione delle scuole grammaticali indiane dal quinto all’ottavo secolo d.C. 2 Volumes. Firenze: Elite.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sadovski, Velizar. 2002. “Dvandva, Tatpuruṣa and Bahuvrīhi. On the Vedic sources for the names of the compound types in Pāṇini’s grammar”. Transactions of the Philological Society 100:3. 351–402. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sharma, Rama Nath. 2010. “Rule Interaction, Blocking and Derivation in Pāṇini”. Sanskrit Computational Linguistics, 4th International Symposium, New Delhi, India, December 10–12, 2010 (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 6455) edited by Girish Nath Jha, 1–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Staal, Johan Frederik. 1967. Word order in Sanskrit and Universal Grammar. (Foundations of Language, supplementary series, 5) Dordrecht: Reidel. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Štekauer, Pavol, Salvador Valera & Livia Körtvélyessy. 2012. Word Formation in the World’s Languages. A Typological Survey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tribulato, Olga. 2015. Ancient Greek Verb-initial Compounds: Their diachronic development within the Greek compound system. Berlin / Boston: Walter de Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wackernagel, Jakob. 1957. Altindische Grammatik II/1. Nominalsuffixe, hrsg. von Albert Debrunner. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue