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In:Lectures on Language Theory 1942–1943
Louis Hjelmslev
[Studies in the History of the Language Sciences 132] 2024
► pp. 229–234

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Index

Published online: 12 December 2024

https://doi.org/10.1075/sihols.132.index

A

accent 53, 75, 78, 83–85, 87, 180, 205, 207–209

accessibility 24–25, 40, 42, 72–73, 129–130, 141–142

activity, linguistic138

actualized 21, 87, 117

adjective 78, 88–89, 91, 99, 213

adverb 99, 203–204, 206, 213

affinity 110–112

analysis (analyzed, unanalyzed) 29, 32–35, 37–39, 42, 44, 46, 48–55, 61–75, 87, 94–95, 105–106, 109, 111–115, 117–121, 124–126, 128, 134, 136–137, 139–145, 150, 157–159, 161–164, 168–169, 171, 174, 176–177, 182–184, 186, 188, 191, 193, 196–198, 200–202, 204–207, 212

Andersen, Hans Christian 26, 28–29, 38, 51, 55, 134–135, 176–177, 186, 201, 203, 207

applicability 22, 116, 143

application 23–24, 34, 41–42, 76, 81, 98, 100, 167, 178–179

appropriateness 30, 33, 35, 87, 91, 94, 96, 109–110, 115, 118, 146, 159

arbitrariness 22–24, 27, 32–33, 39, 71, 107–108, 119–120, 125, 133, 146, 159, 163, 165, 167, 174, 177, 180, 194

argot 149, 163–164, 174

articulation 68, 114–115, 143, 158–159, 167–168

autonomy 65–66, 130

B

basis (of analysis) 35, 91, 100, 109, 113–120, 123, 141–144, 146–147, 158–159, 168, 177, 183, 203, 211–212

belletristic style 149–150, 169–170

bilateral (function) 47, 49, 65–66

boundary 31–33, 166, 180, 195

C

calculation, also calculus 22–25, 34, 95, 120, 123, 143–144, 146, 152, 154, 196

catalysis (catalyze, uncatalyze, encatalyze, adcatalyze) 42–52, 54, 60–62, 68, 70–73, 83, 109, 129–131, 140, 148, 160–161, 164, 167, 170, 181, 183, 186–188, 191, 195–197, 199–200, 204, 208

category 43, 50, 54–56, 74–77, 80–82, 95, 98, 100, 102–103, 107–112, 114, 116, 118–120, 123–123, 126, 141–144, 146, 148–149, 150, 155–159, 162–172, 175, 177–178, 180, 183–184, 186, 190, 193, 195–196, 199–201, 204, 206–207, 209, 210–212

cenemateme 121, 123–125, 127–128, 138, 146, 158, 162, 184, 211

cenematics 120, 122, 142, 156, 161–162, 166–167, 169, 171–172, 174, 176–183, 185–186, 189, 197–198, 202, 205, 207–209, 212–213

cenematy 147, 156

ceneme122

cenia156

chain 46, 56–57, 59–60, 68–70, 74–76, 81, 87, 117, 119–120, 135–138, 141, 160–161, 163–167, 169–176, 181, 183–185, 197–198, 200, 202–203

chancery style150

chapter 38, 112, 120, 160, 177, 185, 211

characteristic 198–203, 205–209, 212

class 54, 63–64, 66–68, 73–76, 112, 115–118, 124, 126–128, 131, 133, 135, 138–139, 143, 147, 152, 154, 159, 187, 207, 210

clause 33–39, 48, 50–51, 53, 55, 61–62, 69, 74, 87, 104, 112, 120, 124, 135–137, 141, 144, 146, 160–162, 166, 169, 177–180, 184, 186, 190–191, 195–196, 197–199, 200, 202–205, 211

clique language 149–150, 174

code 30, 137, 148–150, 164, 170, 172

coexistence 64, 66, 71–72

cohesion 60–61, 66, 68, 70–73, 81, 211–212

combination 24, 36–40, 46–57, 60, 64, 66, 69, 80–82, 118, 124, 129–130, 141, 148, 156, 178–179, 181, 200, 208

commutation test 59, 70, 142–143, 162, 166, 169–170, 196, 200

commutation 57–60, 62, 67–71, 76–79, 82–83, 85–86, 125–126, 130, 135–137, 142–143, 162, 166, 169–170, 180, 195–196, 198, 200–201

comparison (between languages) 31, 45, 72, 84, 144

complementarity 65–66, 131

complex 63–65, 66, 69, 119, 141, 143–144, 148, 150, 155–156, 167, 172, 175–176, 190

component 31–39, 46–47, 49–54, 61–64, 66–68, 71, 73, 118, 126, 132, 137–138, 146, 155, 158, 179, 187, 192, 210

concept 27, 32, 52–53, 59, 69, 74, 82, 88–89, 98, 100, 104–105, 108–109, 132, 137–138, 142, 144–145, 163

condition 24, 57–58, 63–65, 76, 79–81, 83, 85–86, 104, 111, 134, 143, 145, 162, 167, 176, 182–183, 195, 197–198, 200, 206

configuration 91, 93, 98, 105, 107, 110, 115–117

congruence 28, 33, 50–51, 53, 109–110, 128, 198, 211

conjunction 56, 64, 141, 162, 166, 190–191, 195–196, 202–203, 206, 211, 213

connection 32–34, 36, 39, 56, 64, 66, 76, 81, 110, 121–122, 135, 140, 150, 204–205

connective 83, 85–86, 167, 181, 183, 190–191, 193, 195–197, 202, 206, 213

connotation 29–31, 49, 52–53, 57, 61, 69–73, 120–121, 134, 137–138, 140, 145, 150, 153–154, 157, 168

connotative 58, 61–62, 70–73, 137–140, 145

connotator 145–155, 157, 163–165, 167–176, 194, 201

consonant 37, 50–51, 53–55, 59, 61, 69, 75–78, 80, 82–86, 109–110, 112, 144, 167–168, 209–210

constant 51, 54, 65–66, 71, 75–76, 81, 116–117, 122–123, 128, 189, 211

constellation 65, 81, 116–117, 129–131

constituent 31, 211

constitutive211

contensive 103, 111–112, 159–160

content 22, 27–30, 38–54, 57, 59–64, 67–75, 78–80, 82–84, 86–87, 98, 105, 107–109, 113, 121–127, 136–140, 145, 147–148, 155–159, 163, 178, 183–184, 187, 194, 198–200

continuation 62, 130–131, 197

contoid110

contradiction (opposition, correlation) 93, 95–96

contradiction-free (description) 21, 23–24, 113, 119, 167

contrariety (opposition, correlation) 93, 95–96

converse 145–146, 163, 165, 168–169

correlation 56, 64–67, 69, 71–72, 74, 89–91, 93–96, 98, 103–105, 108, 110, 112, 115–116, 121, 124, 127, 129–131, 159, 190, 194, 197

D

deduction 45, 64, 66, 75, 118, 120, 162, 167

defectiveness 65, 164, 168, 199, 201

definition 23–24, 38, 63, 67, 71–74, 77, 82, 91–92, 98, 103, 108–110, 112–113, 124, 132, 143, 145–147, 150–152, 154, 160–162, 165, 184, 195, 211

degree 42, 58, 66–67, 89, 91, 94, 97–101, 121, 123–124, 126, 140–144, 146, 158, 160–161, 164–167, 169–172, 174, 178–183, 185–190, 195, 197, 202, 207–208, 210–212

denotation 71–73, 138, 145, 147–151, 154–155, 168

dependence 32–37, 41, 52, 54, 64

derivate 64, 66–68, 75, 118, 127–128, 131, 140, 142, 159–161, 170

derivative 133, 200, 209

description 21, 23, 25, 30–31, 37, 46, 55, 63, 81, 91–92, 108, 112–115, 119, 123, 128–129, 140–141, 143–144, 146, 152, 154, 159, 164, 167

designation 56, 75, 108, 111–112, 122–123, 125–126, 131–132, 144, 146, 148–149, 156, 158–159, 160–161, 165, 171–172, 174, 178, 194

determination 65–66, 71, 73, 102, 109, 116–117, 129–131

diachrony 121, 132–133

dialect 30, 58, 61, 70, 137, 145–146

difference 28–30, 45, 48, 55, 57–60, 62, 70, 72, 79, 82, 84–86, 95, 99, 130, 136–137, 147–148, 152, 175, 204, 207

dimension 56, 102, 128, 133, 149, 210

directive211

disjunction 56, 64

dissection 31–32, 63

distribution 98, 100, 159, 210

division 32–34, 39, 44, 47–49, 51–54, 59, 63–64, 66–70, 109–110, 114–120, 123–124, 128–129, 134, 141–144, 152, 157–158, 161–162, 164, 166, 168–169, 173–174, 177–180, 183–187, 192, 198, 202, 209–212

dominance 77, 80–82, 100–101, 107–109, 111–112, 114

E

economy, principle114

element 24, 32, 45–47, 55, 63, 69, 71, 74–75, 77, 84, 109, 118–119, 122–123, 141–143, 158–162, 164–176, 179, 183, 190, 192, 197–198, 200, 209–210, 213

empiricism 22, 103, 105, 113, 143, 154

entity 35–37, 39–40, 42–47, 51–53, 56, 60–61, 68, 70, 72, 74–75, 80–84, 86–87, 91, 94, 105, 108, 110, 112, 114–115, 121–122, 124, 126, 129, 136–137, 140, 145, 147, 155–156, 159, 162, 166, 168, 186–188, 198–199, 203, 206, 212–213

environment 57, 86, 99

equilibrium 109–110

equivocal 41, 86, 103, 109, 114, 145–147, 166, 174, 190, 195, 204

establishment 76–77, 80, 109–110, 119, 133, 144, 152, 161, 166–168, 206, 211

everyday language 29, 39, 63, 76, 124–125, 127, 139–140, 146, 150, 153–155, 157–159, 168, 178, 183, 193

everyday speech 43, 58, 170

evolution 133–134, 139

exchange test 56–57, 60, 67, 86, 126, 138

exclusion (opposition, correlation) 89–93, 95, 98, 103, 108, 115–116

exhaustiveness 21, 23–24, 37, 46, 55, 81, 113, 115, 119, 140–141, 143–144, 164, 167

experience 22–24, 30, 41, 43, 45, 108, 112, 115, 169–170, 178

exponent 211–212

expression 25, 27–30, 38–51, 53–54, 60–64, 67–68, 70–72, 74–75, 77–78, 82–84, 86, 106, 108–109, 121–125, 136–138, 140, 145, 147–150, 154–159, 161–163, 172, 177–183, 194, 196, 198–199, 202, 204

extense (characteristic, theme) 198–202, 205, 207, 212

extension 22, 37–39, 181, 211

extensive 103–112, 159

extent 23, 52, 68, 155, 174, 179

extradefined (function, unit or category) 155–156

F

factor 30–32, 35, 51, 62, 70–73, 95, 102, 107, 150, 191, 196, 210

facultativity 77–78, 82–83, 194, 198

family, linguistic 129–133

field 36, 88–104, 115–117, 133, 154, 190

figure132

form 25–26, 28–31, 43, 46, 48–49, 52, 58, 70, 75, 77, 79, 83–84, 87, 91, 98–99, 102, 104, 106–107, 109, 113, 121, 123, 125–129, 132, 134–136, 138, 145, 147–150, 152, 157, 163–164, 170–172, 177–179, 192, 194, 196, 200–201

fragment 28, 33, 39, 46–47, 50–52, 54, 119–120, 164–165

fragmentation 32–33, 51, 63

free (articulation, function, of contradiction, variant) 21, 65–66, 113, 115, 119, 159, 168

function 31–37, 39, 46–49, 51–56, 59, 62, 64–67, 71, 74, 76, 80–81, 91, 107–109, 112, 114–125, 127–132, 138, 140–143, 147, 154–158, 164, 166, 168, 171, 177, 180, 184, 190, 196–197, 199, 200

functional category 118–120, 141–143, 158, 164, 166, 168, 171, 177, 180, 190

functival category 118–120, 141–143, 158–159, 162, 164, 166–171, 175, 177–178, 183, 201, 210

functive 64–65, 67, 81, 83, 85, 115–119, 122, 127–128, 130, 141, 145, 147–149, 155, 157–159, 165, 167, 170

G

general 21–25, 32, 34, 40–41, 45, 53–54, 61, 81, 108, 110, 113, 117–118, 121–124, 142–144, 147, 152, 159, 160, 162, 184, 192

generalization 41–42, 45, 48, 90, 114, 151, 167

genetics (linguistics) 72–73, 129–134, 138–139

genre, literary 149–150, 172–174

genre-style 148–150, 157, 163–165, 173

glossary212

glossematics 120, 122–123, 184

glossematy 147–148, 156

glosseme 121–122, 125–128, 156, 158–159, 161, 165, 169, 171–172, 174, 210–212

government 54, 84, 147, 211

grammar 25, 95, 99, 108, 123, 152, 190

H

hierarchy 64, 67–68, 75, 85, 127–132, 145–146, 149, 152, 163, 165–168

Hjelmslev, Louis 26–27, 29, 57, 180

homology 110–111

I

ideal87

identification 50, 95, 137, 145, 147, 169, 174, 177, 182, 188, 191, 195–196, 199, 205

identity 75, 85, 110, 162, 213

idiom 30, 137, 149, 173

implication 85–86, 100, 182

indicator 145, 168

individual 22, 26, 30, 33, 39, 42, 50, 54–55, 59, 62, 73, 82, 109, 112, 114, 118, 125–134, 140, 142, 146–147, 149–150, 152, 154, 158–159, 168, 171, 176, 179, 185, 187, 191, 201, 205–206, 209, 211–212

induction66

inextensive112

inflexional (language, morpheme or category) 75, 133, 186, 200

insistence 46, 94–95, 97, 100–103

intense (characteristic, theme) 201, 205, 208, 212

intensive 103–112, 159

interdependence 65–66, 116–117, 123, 129–132

interjection 178, 194, 200, 206

intradefined (function, unit or category)156

invariant 57, 59, 60, 68–69, 75, 80–81, 86, 121, 125, 145, 161, 210

J

jargon 30, 137, 149–150, 170

Jerndorff, Peter 26–27, 29, 52–53, 55, 57, 175

Jespersen, Otto 104, 206–207

junction 206–207

K

knowledge 21–22, 25, 40–41, 44, 61–62, 72, 128, 139–140

L

language 22–23, 28–30, 34, 36, 38–39, 41–42, 46, 48–49, 55–65, 67–69, 71–73, 75–79, 84, 86–87, 89–90, 95, 98, 100, 104–105, 109–111, 119, 120–127, 129–140, 143, 145–147, 149–155, 157–160, 162–164, 166, 168, 174–176, 178–179, 183, 193–194, 196–201, 204, 208–210

language-language154

latency 44–45, 47–48, 51, 68, 70, 73, 83

letter 26–28, 32–35, 37, 43, 46, 49–51, 53, 57, 75, 92, 103, 105, 109, 111, 121–122, 127–128, 159, 166, 177, 181

Lévy-Bruhl, Lucien90

lexematics 161, 202

lexeme 160–161, 168, 181, 183, 197–198, 202

lexia 160–161, 164, 168, 178, 181, 183, 197, 202, 211

lexical (element, category) 41, 69, 75

lexicology25

lexicon212

literature 34, 120, 184, 211

localized (variation, variety)125

logic 32, 34, 45–46, 53, 56, 64, 86, 89, 92, 112, 123, 131, 152

logistics123

M

manifestation (manifestant, manifestatum) 75–76, 84–86, 92, 109–110, 123–130, 135–136, 147–150, 152, 159, 182, 194

manifestation-form 28–29, 31, 48, 52, 134

mapping 141, 168–170, 173, 190–194, 199, 204–205

mathematics 23, 25, 32, 63

meaning 27, 29, 32, 37, 40–41, 43, 50, 53, 56–59, 75, 88–89, 98, 100–101, 103–109, 111, 121–122, 124–125, 129, 132–133, 141, 147, 155, 161, 196–197, 207

member 37, 40, 44, 50–51, 54–57, 59, 62, 65, 68–70, 95, 100, 102, 105–106, 109, 111–112, 118, 120, 127, 131, 142, 147, 149, 155, 158, 162, 165, 175, 182–183, 196, 200, 203–204, 207

metachrony 120, 132–133

metalanguage 64, 123–124, 126, 154, 157, 159, 168

metaphysics 113, 126, 132, 142–143, 162

metasemiology 121, 123–129, 132, 140, 146, 153

modulation 75, 179, 197–198, 202, 205, 207

morpheme 68, 92, 106, 109, 112, 114, 132, 144, 186, 198, 201, 205, 211–212

morphology103

mutation 67–68, 76, 135

N

national language 28, 30, 61, 70, 137, 146, 149–151, 155, 163–164, 175

necessity of thought 44, 129–132

nexal infinitum 196–197, 203

nexia 160–161, 166, 177–179, 181, 183–184, 186–197, 202

nexus 146, 160, 166, 177, 179, 186–208, 211–212

nomology 121, 132

noun 166, 199–200, 205–206, 208, 212

numeral 144, 213

O

object 21–23, 28, 30–34, 37, 41, 62–64, 69, 72, 99, 101, 114, 117–118, 122–126, 139–140, 142–147, 152–154, 157–158, 161–163, 168–169, 194, 196, 203–205

object-language 123–124, 154

obligatory (syncretism, overlapping) 77–78, 82–83, 152

operation 45, 114, 117–119, 122, 126, 129–132, 139, 141–142, 144–146, 154, 157–158, 160–187, 189–191, 193, 196–198, 201–203, 206–211

opposition 48, 53, 66, 87–90, 92–96, 104–106, 132–133, 147, 149, 152, 194

orientation 98–100

orthography 123, 186

overlapping 76–77, 79–85, 182, 187, 198

P

paradigm 59–61, 65, 67–70, 74, 76, 93, 114, 116, 135

paradigmatic 67–68, 76, 114, 127, 135, 157–158, 163

paragraph 37–38, 49–50, 69, 112, 120, 160, 174, 177–178, 181, 183, 185–190, 195, 211

part 30–31, 36, 38–39, 48, 50, 52–54, 58, 62, 68–72, 77–78, 86, 104, 114, 118, 126, 135–137, 139–140, 143–145, 148, 158, 160–163, 165–166, 169, 174–186, 197–198, 203, 208–209, 213

participation: (opposition, correlation) 89–96, 98, 103–104, 115, 149, 159

particle 126, 210

particularity 23–24, 31, 51, 53, 55, 69, 76, 79, 117, 142, 145, 152, 154, 163–164, 167–168, 171, 175–176, 183, 199, 210

partition 31, 33, 68, 75, 114, 128, 132–133, 138–146, 158, 160–162, 166, 169–170, 172–174, 176–183, 185–189, 195, 198–212

permutation 67–68, 212

phenomenon 27, 31, 46, 52, 114

phonematics126

phoneme119

phonetics 25–26, 58, 84, 109–110, 122, 124–126, 147

physics 31, 42, 45, 125–128

physiognomy 30, 49, 52–53, 55, 57, 61–62, 69–70, 134–137, 145–147, 149–151, 163–164, 176, 185

Plato90

pleremateme 121–124, 127–128, 138, 145–146, 158, 162, 171, 184, 210

plerematics 122, 126, 142, 156, 161–162, 166–167, 169, 171–172, 174, 176–178, 180–182, 185–187, 189, 191–193, 197–199, 202, 205–206, 209, 212–213

plerematy 147, 156

plereme211

pleria156

polarity 110–111

possibility 21–23, 34, 37–38, 41, 43, 47, 49, 60–62, 64–65, 81, 83, 88, 90–92, 95, 98, 108–119, 122, 128, 131, 138, 140–141, 143–144, 146, 149–152, 154–155, 158–159, 162–166, 177–178, 187, 191, 194, 197–198, 210

postulate 44, 72

Prague, Linguistic Circle of69

pre- (suffix) 33, 157–158, 162, 165–173, 184, 190

preposition 45, 77, 79, 84, 86, 166, 203, 205–206, 213

presupposition 33–34, 36–38, 40–42, 44–53, 60–61, 64–65, 66, 68, 71–73, 110, 126, 128–134, 139, 141, 147, 167, 176, 184–185, 187–188, 192–193, 197, 200

principles of analysis164

principle of economy114

principle of exclusion89

principle of exhaustive description 119, 141, 164

principle of generalization 41–42, 45, 114, 151, 167

principle of reduction119

principle of reduction, refined 119, 141, 164

principle of relation124

principle of simplicity 113, 115

principle, commutation130

principle, empirical 113, 143, 154

principle 25, 33, 41–42, 45, 51, 73, 81, 89, 113–115, 118–121, 124, 130, 141, 143, 151, 154, 164, 167

procedure 21, 23, 39, 44, 112–114, 119, 121–123, 126, 129, 132, 134, 136–137, 139–140, 143–146, 155, 160, 162, 164–166, 168, 199, 211

process 40, 42, 55–56, 67–68, 73, 127, 138, 140, 145

pronoun 79, 106, 135–136, 193, 212–213

pronunciation 27, 43, 49, 57, 60, 69, 75, 78, 83–86, 109, 122–123, 125, 152, 180, 207

prosodeme211

proto-language 68, 71–72, 130–132

pseudo- (suffix) 178–179, 186–189, 191–195, 198–200, 202, 206–209, 212–213

psychology 41–42, 138

pulpit style150

punctuation 35, 179

purport 26–30, 42, 76, 135–136, 140, 146–148, 159

R

rank 67, 74, 164, 178, 187, 207

Ranulf, Svend90

Rask, Rasmus131

realization 22, 29, 44, 57, 118–120, 141–143, 148, 152, 154–155, 158, 165–166, 169, 180–184, 200, 207, 209

reciprocity 38, 85, 183, 185

reconstruction 31, 68, 71–72, 131–132

redistribution 210–212

reduction 114, 119, 141, 164–165, 167, 171–173, 175, 177, 182, 190–191

registration 30, 33, 37–38, 42, 44, 46, 51, 59–61, 68, 70–72, 77, 79, 81–82, 84–85, 87, 89–90, 99, 107–108, 114, 118–120, 122, 141, 143, 157, 160–164, 166–181, 183–185, 189–191, 193–211

relation 56, 59, 64, 62–67, 69, 74–75, 80, 109–111, 114, 117–118, 121, 124, 127–131, 133, 137–141, 144, 147–149, 151–152, 154–155, 162, 167, 175, 190, 193, 200

relationship 36–37, 55–56, 60, 64, 66, 73, 79–80, 87, 98, 103–104, 109, 111–112, 114, 125, 127, 130–134, 136, 150, 152–154, 190, 192–194, 196, 199, 201, 211

relative 191, 196, 213

remainder 46–51, 54, 141, 145, 162, 187, 191–192, 198, 202–205

reproduction 25–26, 148, 150, 164, 175–176

resolution (of syncretism) 43–45, 47–48, 51, 61, 68, 70–71, 86–87, 198, 201

root 78, 133

S

Saussure, Ferdinand de 124, 126, 132–133, 138

schema 49, 67, 75, 84–85, 87, 89, 98, 102, 107–111, 120, 126–129, 132–134, 137, 150–155, 157, 159–160, 175

schematics 120, 132, 134

scheme 49, 67, 133

Schuchardt, Hugo133

science 25, 32, 41, 62, 73, 90, 123–126, 139–140, 149–151, 153–154, 172–173, 184

scientific formal language 149–150

section 32, 133, 162

selection 22, 47–56, 59–61, 64, 66–71, 73–75, 77, 80, 82, 109, 112, 114–118, 128–129, 141–144, 148, 156–157, 162, 172, 176–179, 184–195, 197, 199, 202–204, 205, 207–211

semantics 98–100, 102–103, 105–106, 124, 126

sematics126

semiology 120, 123–129, 132, 153

sentence 33, 35, 38–39, 51, 53, 67, 69, 71–72, 74–75, 120, 123, 146, 160–161, 166, 169, 177, 190, 192, 195, 203–204, 212

sequence 77, 212

sign 39–44, 51, 67, 69, 71–72, 74–75, 81, 123–125, 127–128, 130, 138, 147–150, 155–156, 159, 212

signal 50–51, 145, 168, 170–177, 179, 181–182, 190–191, 195, 197, 210

simple (opposition, correlation) 88, 93–94

simplex 68, 74, 156–157, 175, 184, 191, 197, 206–207

size 30, 50, 68, 89

slang 149, 169–170

solidarity 28, 38–43, 45, 47–49, 51–56, 59–64, 66, 69–73, 80–82, 86, 114, 117, 124, 129, 132, 141–145, 148–152, 155–159, 162–175, 178–179, 183, 186, 194, 200, 203–204, 206, 208–209

sound 26–28, 34, 43, 46, 49, 53, 57–58, 75, 77, 83–86, 90, 108–110, 122, 124–128, 147, 155, 209

species211

specific 33, 38, 46, 53, 60, 117–119, 122, 136, 138, 140, 143, 149–150, 160, 166, 179, 183, 191, 195

specification 65–66, 71–72, 80, 130

speech 27–28, 34, 36, 40, 43, 57–58, 75, 78, 127–128, 135, 147–150, 157, 164, 170, 172–173, 176–177, 179, 209

stem 54, 111, 130–131

stress 57, 69, 78, 80, 85, 180–182, 184, 200, 208

structure 61–63, 73, 77, 138, 143, 152, 154, 157, 191, 193, 197–198, 204, 209

style 28, 30, 57–58, 70, 61–62, 70, 104–105, 137–138, 147–150, 157, 163–165, 169–173, 175, 177, 203

stylistic form 70, 147, 149–150, 163–164, 170–172, 177–179

stylistics 138, 150

sub- (prefix) 74, 129–130, 160, 165, 173–174, 178, 181, 185, 187–190, 195, 203

substance 75, 85, 87–88, 103, 105–110, 112, 126–130, 140, 146–148, 155, 157, 159, 194

substantive 65, 181, 212

substitution 57–61, 68–70, 72, 82, 124, 137, 145, 162–163, 166–167, 170, 190, 196, 212–213

sum 74, 76, 144, 155–156, 158, 210

suspension 76–77, 79, 83, 86

syllabematics 161, 208

syllabeme 161, 183, 208

syllabia 161, 168, 183

syllable 34–37, 53–54, 59, 64, 69–70, 75–76, 78, 80, 85, 87, 109–110, 146–147, 161, 167–168, 180, 182, 202, 205, 207–211

symbol 32, 38, 50, 53, 68, 74, 76, 80, 85, 92–93, 111, 121–123, 127, 130, 137, 142, 145, 156–158, 161, 165–167, 169–170, 178, 180, 187, 196, 198, 205, 207, 210

syncretism 43–45, 47–48, 51, 61, 68, 70, 72, 76–82, 84–87, 104–109, 111–112, 114, 168, 194, 198–199, 201

syntagma 205, 212

syntagmateme 180, 205–208, 212–213

syntagmatic 67–68, 76, 99, 127, 135, 140, 143–144, 157–158, 160, 162–163, 166

synthesis144

system 22, 67–68, 72–73, 77–78, 82, 100, 102–108, 124, 126–127, 135, 144–146, 149–152, 154, 163

T

taxematics 161, 210

taxeme 161, 177, 208, 210–212

technical language149

tension 107, 109–110

term (primary, secondary, tertiary) 206–207

terminology 46, 60, 90, 123, 125–126, 147, 149–150, 152, 158, 169, 171, 176, 199, 207

text 21–35, 37–39, 42, 44, 46–54, 61, 63, 71, 73, 76, 112, 114, 118, 120, 125, 127, 130–131, 134–136, 138–141, 145–148, 150, 152, 167, 173, 175, 177, 179, 186–190, 192, 194, 198, 203, 210

themative212

theme 65, 198–203, 205–209, 212–213

theory 21–25, 34, 49, 62–63, 73, 92, 105, 113, 122, 124, 126, 128, 137, 140, 143, 154, 164, 175, 196, 211

thought 26–27, 33, 40, 43–45, 47–48, 61, 68, 90, 122, 129–132, 143, 183, 194, 196, 203

tone 69, 149–150, 163–164, 172, 175, 197

transcription26

transference 42, 141, 144, 162, 166, 174, 176, 182, 190, 192, 195, 198–199, 202–206

translation 26, 28, 30, 63, 130–131, 135–136, 145–147, 160, 163, 167, 173

transposition 26, 28–29, 38, 145

type 48, 50, 56, 62, 73, 80, 84–85, 122, 129–130, 133–134, 140, 152, 209

typology 120–121, 129–134

U

Uldall, Hans Jørgen26

uniformity 62–64

unilateral (function) 47, 49, 64–66, 71, 114, 128

unit 64, 74, 135, 142, 155–156, 158–160, 164, 167, 175, 178, 197, 208, 212–213

universality 30, 142–143, 145, 161, 167, 210

univocal 41, 108, 114

upper- (prefix) 58, 103, 160–161, 164, 166, 169–170, 173–176, 181, 183, 198, 202–203

usage 32, 42, 46, 58, 62, 75, 84, 87, 98, 103, 107–110, 112, 121, 126–129, 132–133, 140, 147, 150–155, 157

V

value-style 148–150, 163, 169–173

variable 65–66, 71, 75–76, 116–117, 122–123, 128, 135

variant 57, 59, 61, 69–70, 75, 80–82, 86–87, 89, 91, 94–95, 111–112, 124–128, 137, 142, 152, 163, 167, 169, 201

variation 57–58, 61, 69–70, 75, 80, 82, 94–95, 97, 124–125, 137, 147, 152, 154

variety 56–58, 61, 69–71, 75, 80–82, 86, 124–125, 137, 145, 152, 163–165, 167, 169, 171–173, 175–176, 191, 203

virtuality 117–118, 141–142, 161, 166, 180, 183–184

vocoid110

vowel harmony 77, 84, 86

vowel 34, 36, 50–51, 53–55, 57, 59, 61, 75, 77–78, 83–84, 86–87, 109–110, 112, 121, 209–210, 213

W

word 27, 29, 32–37, 39–43, 45–54, 56–58, 61, 64, 69–70, 75, 77, 80, 83, 87, 90, 106, 109–110, 125–126, 132–133, 146, 148, 150, 160–161, 167–168, 182–183, 188, 190–193, 200–201, 204–205, 209, 212

writing 26–27, 43, 57, 86, 122, 134–135, 148, 150, 157, 164, 172–174, 177, 179, 182

Y

yield 23, 72, 95, 119, 146, 160–161, 164, 166, 173–174, 176–179, 181, 183–185, 191, 197–198, 201–203, 209

Z

zone 88–89, 96, 98–100, 103–105