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“Decorative” morphology in Spanish

At the crossroads of typology and sociolinguistics

ORCiD logo with link | University of Seville
ORCiD logo with link | University of Zaragoza
Published online: 11 November 2025
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https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.25010.ben
Abstract
Human languages are hypothesized to be adapted to the functions they fulfill. Specifically, their structure has been claimed to be optimized for efficient communication and easy learning. Nonetheless, languages also exhibit many “extravagant” features, with no clear role in information transfer or language acquisition. Building on typological research on this topic, in this paper we present evidence that varieties of Spanish (colloquial mostly) feature the type of “decorative” morphology found in some world languages. We provide a detailed characterization of such morphology and further hypothesize some potential functions for it. We conclude by advocating for a sociopragmatics approach to intralinguistic variation that also considers the findings by language typology, but likewise for a typological approach to language diversity that pays attention to the findings by variationist sociolinguistics. Ultimately, our study argues for a unitary view of linguistic variation and for considering functions like aesthetics or play when explaining the design features of language.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Methodological concerns
  • 3.Inflectional morphology
    • 3.1Gender
    • 3.2Number
  • 4.Derivational suffixes
  • 5.Evaluative suffixation
  • 6.Decorative compounding, phraseology, and prefixation in Spanish
    • 6.1Compounding with non-sense words
    • 6.2Symmetrical phraseology
    • 6.3Hypercharacterization with prefixes
  • 7.Discussion
  • Statement of ethics
  • Author contributions
  • Data availability
  • Geolocation
  • Notes
  • References
References (69)
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