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Article published In: Spanish in Context
Vol. 16:2 (2019) ► pp.194–216

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Adjectives in Spanish/English code-switching

Avoidance of grammatical gender in bi/multilingual speech

 | University of Florida | College of Wooster
 | Leiden University
Published online: 27 August 2019
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/sic.00034.bal
Abstract
The current study investigates DP-internal adjectives in Spanish/English code-switching (CS). Specifically, we analyze two concomitant phenomena that have been previously investigated; namely, the distributional frequency and placement of adjectives in mixed determiner phrases (DPs). A total of 1680 DPs (477 monolingual Spanish and 1203 Spanish/English DPs), extracted from sociolinguistic interviews with 62 consultants from Northern Belize, were quantitatively examined. This paper is the first of its kind to examine adjectives in the innovative Spanish/English CS variety of Northern Belize, an understudied context where bilingual CS has thrived among younger generations. The distributional and statistical analyses revealed that the avoidance of Spanish attributive adjectives and overt gender marking is a distinguishing characteristic of mixed DPs but not monolingual Spanish DPs, a finding that supports Otheguy, Ricardo, and Naomi Lapidus. 2003. “An Adaptive Approach to Noun Gender in New York contact Spanish.” In A Romance Perspective on Language Knowledge and Use, ed. by Rafael Nuñez-Cedeno, Luis López, and Richard Cameron, 209–229. Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar adaptive simplification hypothesis. In terms of adjective placement, both the Matrix Language Frame model and the Minimalist approach to CS were able to account for mixed noun-adjective DPs, with the exception of a few cases that could only be predicted by the former model. The present analysis highlights the pivotal role that simplification and convergence play in code-switchers’ optimization of linguistic resources in bi/multilingual discourse.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Northern Belize
  • 3.Methodology
    • 3.1Purpose
    • 3.2Data and analysis
  • 4.Results
    • 4.1Adjectives in monolingual Spanish versus mixed noun-adjective DPs
    • 4.2Mixed noun-adjective DPs
  • 5.Discussion and conclusion
  • Notes
  • References
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