Part I.The early years

Acquisition, development, and education 21

Chapter 2.To acquire a recursive grammar, children start with a recursive procedure (MERGE) 22

Iain Giblin

Peng Zhou

Cory Bill

Jiawei Shi

Stephen Crain

Chapter 3.Promises and pitfalls of dialect in the classroom: The case of/for African American English 47

Julie A. Washington

Bryan K. Murray

Elizabeth Doyne

Chapter 4.Microstructural properties in the narrative retellings of young English learners in EMI schools in India: The role of L2 literacy, minority languages and English input in the classroom 68

Ianthi M. Tsimpli

Lina Mukhopadhyay

Anusha Balasubramanian

Jeanine Treffers-Daller

Chapter 5.Multilingual advantages: On the relationship between type of bilingualism and language knowledge 123

Peter Siemund

Eliane Lorenz

Part II.Issues in everyday life

Speech, language, and communication 153

Chapter 6.Diglossia and developmental language disorder (DLD) in Arabic: The role of linguistic distance and linguistic proximity? 154

Elinor Saiegh-Haddad

Sharon Armon-Lotem

Chapter 7.“Grammar, I hate” or “I grammar hate”? L1 and L2 word order differences and bilingual DLD assessment 184

Weifeng Han

Chapter 8.Bilingualism matters: A study of children with autism spectrum disorder and developmental language disorder 204

Eleni Peristeri

Eleni Baldimtsi

Ianthi M. Tsimpli

Stephanie Durrleman

Chapter 9.Multimodal story-retelling: Influences of cognitive load on co‑speech and co‑thought gestures for conceptualization 232

Cheng-Xiang Yang

Yen-Liang Lin

Chapter 10.Raising awareness of stroke, stroke survivor-perspectives, and stroke–carer research: A perspective from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Australia 254

Maria Kambanaros

Part III.From the past to the future

Heritage, translanguaging, and maintenance 269

Chapter 11.Heritage language education 270

Julio Torres

Chapter 12.Explaining gender: Lessons from heritage Spanish 292

Zuzanna Fuchs

Maria Polinsky

Gregory Scontras

Chapter 13.Meaning without borders: From translanguaging to transposition in the era of digitally-mediated meaning 327

Bill Cope

Mary Kalantzis

Anastasia Olga (Olnancy) Tzirides

Chapter 14.Language alternation is not always translanguaging: Data from Cypriot classrooms 369

Stavroula Tsiplakou

Chapter 15.The sociolinguistics of urban multilingualism: Toronto and Melbourne 395

James A. Walker

John Hajek

Debbie Loakes

Chloé Diskin-Holdaway

Gerard Docherty

Chapter 16.Barossa German: Language documentation, maintenance and renewal in a German-speaking enclave in South Australia 414

Peter Mickan

Index 429

Table of contents

Part I.The early years

Part II.Issues in everyday life

Part III.From the past to the future