Cover not available

In:Studies in Turkish as a Heritage Language
Edited by Fatih Bayram
[Studies in Bilingualism 60] 2020
► pp. 1–14

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload Book PDF
authorization required

Chapter 1
Turkish as a heritage language

Its context and importance for the general understanding of bilingualism

 | UiT The Arctic University of Norway
Published online: 18 November 2020
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/sibil.60.01bay
References (75)
References
Aalberse, S., Backus, A., & Muysken, P. (2019). Heritage languages: A language contact approach. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Aarssen, J., Akinci, M. A., & Yağmur, K. (2001). Development of clause linkage in narratives: A comparison of Turkish children in Australia, France, the Netherlands and Turkey. In Research on child language acquisition: Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the International Association for the Study of Child Language (pp. 41–56). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Abadan-Unat, N. (1985). Identity crisis of Turkish migrants, first and second generation. In I. Baggöz & N. Furniss (Eds.), Indiana University Turkish studies, Vol. 5: Turkish workers in Europe. An interdisciplinary study (pp. 3–22). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Arslan, S., Bastiaanse, R., & Felser, C. (2015). Looking at the evidence in visual world: Eye-movements reveal how bilingual and monolingual Turkish speakers process grammatical evidentiality. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1387. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Auernheimer, G. (2006). The German education system: Dysfunctional for an immigration society. European Education, 37(4), 75–89. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Backus, A. (2004). Turkish as an immigrant language in Europe. In T. K. Bhatia & W. C. Ritchie (Eds.), The handbook of bilingualism (pp. 689–724). Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Baker, C., & Jones, S. P. (1998). Encyclopedia of bilingualism and bilingual education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bayram, F. (2013). Acquisition of Turkish by heritage speakers: A processability approach (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Newcastle University.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bayram, F., Di Pisa, G., Rothman, J., Slabakova, R. (in press). Current trends and emerging in charting heritage language bilingual grammars. In S. A. Montrul & M. Polinsky (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of heritage languages and linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bayram, F., Pascual y Cabo, D., & Rothman, J. (2019). Intra-generational attrition contributions to heritage speaker competence. In B. Köpke & M. Schmid (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of attrition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bayram, F., Rothman, J., Iverson, M., Kupisch, T., Miller, D., Puig-Mayenco, E., & Westergaard, M. (2019). Differences in use without deficiencies in competence: Passives in the Turkish and German of Turkish heritage speakers in Germany. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 22(8), 919–939. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bayram, F., & Wright, C. (2018). Turkish heritage language acquisition and maintenance in Germany. In P. P. Trifonas & T. Aravossitas (Eds.), Research and practice in heritage language education (pp. 481–502). Dordrecht: Springer. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Benmamoun, E., Montrul, S. A., & Polinsky, M. (2010). Prolegomena to heritage linguistics (Unpublished white paper). University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and Harvard UniversityGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Benmamoun, E., Montrul, S., & Polinsky, M. (2013). Heritage languages and their speakers: Opportunities and challenges for linguistics. Theoretical Linguistics, 39(3–4), 129–181.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Clahsen, H., & Muysken, P. (1986). The accessibility of Universal Grammar to adult and child learners. A study of the acquisition of German word order. Second Language Research, 2, 93–119.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Coenen, J. (1987). The acquisition of Dutch. Report to the European Science Foundation. Nijmegen: Max-Planck-Institut für Psycholinguistik.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cummins, J. (1991). Introduction. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 47(4), 601–605. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Daller, M., & Treffers-Daller, J. (2014). Moving between languages: Turkish returnees from Germany. In B. Menzel & S. Engel (Eds.), Rueckkehr in die Fremde? (pp. 185–211). Berlin: Frank & Timme Verlag.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
De Bel-Air, F. (2016). Migration profile: Turkey, Migration Policy Centre 9. Retrieved from <[URL]> (5 June 2020).
Dedeoğlu, D., & Genç, H. D. (2017). Turkish migration to Europe: A modified gravity model analysis. IZA Journal of Development and Migration, 7(1), 17. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Dogruöz, A. S., & Backus, A. (2010). Turkish in the Netherlands: Development of a new variety. In M. Norde, B. de Jonge, & C. Hasselblatt (Eds.), Language contact. New perspectives (pp. 87–102). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Esenlikci, A. C., & Engin, M. A. (2019). 1960’dan günümüze Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde yaşayan Türk göçmenlerin sorunlari. Hak İş Uluslararası Emek ve Toplum Dergisi, 8(20), 59–77.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Extra, G., & Yagmur, K. (2010). Language proficiency and socio-cultural orientation of Turkish and Moroccan youngsters in the Netherlands. Language and Education, 24(2), 117–132. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fishman, J. A. (2001). 300-plus years of heritage language education in the United States. In J. K. Peyton, D. A. Ranard, & S. McGinnis (Eds.), Heritage languages in America: Preserving a national resource (pp. 81–97). Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics & McHenry, IL: & Delta Systems.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fuchs, Z. (2019). Gender in the nominal domain: Evidence from bilingualism and eye-tracking (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Harvard University.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jacob, G., Şafak, D. F., Demir, O., & Kırkıcı, B. (2019). Preserved morphological processing in heritage speakers: A masked priming study on Turkish. Second Language Research, 35(2), 173–194. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jansen, B., Lalleman, J., & Muysken, P. (1981). The alternation hypothesis: Acquisition of Dutch word order by Turkish and Moroccan foreign workers. Language Learning, 31, 315–36. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jegerski, J., & Sekerina, I. A. (2019). The processing of input with differential object marking by heritage Spanish speakers. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1–9. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kasstan, J. R., Auer, A., & Salmons, J. (2018). Heritage-language speakers: Theoretical and empirical challenges on sociolinguistic attitudes and prestige. International Journal of Bilingualism, 22(4), 387–394. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Katzenson, E. (2016). The patterns and impacts of Turkish immigration to the European Union. Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union: Vol. 2015, Article 6. Retrieved from <[URL]> (5 June, 2020).
Keating, G. D., Jegerski, J., & Vanpatten, B. (2016). Online processing of subject pronouns in monolingual and heritage bilingual speakers of Mexican Spanish. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 19(1), 36–49. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kıray, M. (1976). The family of the immigrant worker. In N. Abadan-Unat (Ed.), Turkish workers in Europe 1960–1975 (pp. 210–234). Brill: Leiden.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kim, K., O’Grady, W., & Schwartz, B. D. (2018). Case in heritage Korean. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 8(2), 252–282. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kornfilt, J. (1997). Turkish. London: Routledge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kupisch, T., & Rothman, J. (2018). Terminology matters! Why difference is not incompleteness and how early child bilinguals are heritage speakers. International Journal of Bilingualism, 22(5), 564–582. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kütük, B. Ş. (2015). Türkiye’den Batı Avrupa’ya işçi göçünün sosyolojik çalışma- lara yansıması. Sosyoloji Konferansları Dergisi, 52, 609–654.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lee-Ellis, S. (2011). The elicited production of Korean relative clauses by heritage speakers. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 33(1), 57–89. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lohndal, T., Rothman, J., Kupisch, T., Westergaard, M. (2019). Heritage language bilingualism and linguistic theory: The bidirectional benefits. Language and Linguistics Compass, 13(12). Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lohndal, T., & Westergaard, M. (2016). Grammatical gender in American Norwegian heritage language: Stability or attrition? Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 344. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Montrul, S. A. (2002). Incomplete acquisition and attrition of Spanish tense/aspect distinctions in adult bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 5(1), 39–68. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2004). Subject and object expression in Spanish heritage speakers: A case of morphosyntactic convergence. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 7(2), 125–142. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2008). Second language acquisition welcomes the heritage language learner: Opportunities of a new field. Second Language Research, 24(4), 487–506. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2011). Morphological errors in Spanish second language learners and heritage speakers. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 33(2), 163–192. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2016). The acquisition of heritage languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Orendt, M. (2010). The integration of the Turks into the German society: Turks on their way to parallel societies or to true integration? Bilge Strateji, 1(3), 141–156.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pascual y Cabo, D., & Rothman, J. (2012). The (il) logical problem of heritage speaker bilingualism and incomplete acquisition. Applied Linguistics, 33(4), 450–455. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pires, A., & Rothman, J. (2009). Disentangling sources of incomplete acquisition: An explanation for competence divergence across heritage grammars. International Journal of Bilingualism, 13(2), 211–238. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pfaff, C. W. (1991). Turkish in contact with German: Language maintenance and loss among immigrant children in Berlin (West). International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 90, 97–129. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(1995). Linguistic and social determinants of Turkish/German bilingualism of migrant children in Berlin. In L. Durovic (Ed.), Diaspora languages in Western Europe. Papers from the workshop “Language minorities – children’s language in diaspora” held on July 22nd, 1987 at the International Congress for the Study of Child Language in Lund, Sweden (pp. 49–74). Lund: Slaviska Institutionen vid Lunds Universitet.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Polinsky, M. (2008). Gender under incomplete acquisition: Heritage speakers’ knowledge of noun categorization. Heritage Language Journal, 6(1), 40–71. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2011). Reanalysis in adult heritage language: New evidence in support of attrition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 33(2), 305–328. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2016). Structure vs. use in heritage language. Linguistics Vanguard, 2(1). Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2018). Heritage languages and their speakers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Polinsky, M., & Scontras, G. (2020). Understanding heritage languages. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 23(1), 1–17. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Puig-Mayenco, E., Cunnings, I., Bayram, F., Miller, D., Tubau, S., & Rothman, J. (2018). Language dominance affects bilingual performance and processing outcomes in adulthood. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ross, C. J. (2009). Perennial outsiders: The educational experience of Turkish youth in Germany. American University International Law Review, 24(4), 685–710.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Rothman, J. (2007). Heritage speaker competence differences, language change, and input type: Inflected infinitives in Heritage Brazilian Portuguese. International Journal of Bilingualism, 11(4), 359–389. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2009). Understanding the nature and outcomes of early bilingualism: Romance languages as heritage languages. International Journal of Bilingualism, 13(2), 155–163. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Rothman, J., & Treffers-Daller, J. (2014). A prolegomenon to the construct of the native speaker: Heritage speaker bilinguals are natives too! Applied Linguistics, 35(1), 93–98. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Scontras, G., Fuchs, Z., & Polinsky, M. (2015). Heritage language and linguistic theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1545. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Şen, F. (2003). The historical situation of Turkish migrants in Germany. Immigrants & Minorities, Historical Studies in Ethnicity, Migration and Diaspora 22(2–3), 208–227. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Silva-Corvalán, C. (2014). Bilingual language acquisition: Spanish and English in the first six years. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, MFA, (2019). Turkish citizens living abroad. Retrieved from <[URL]> (1 April, 2020).
Valdés, G. (2001). Heritage language students: Profiles and possibilities. In J. K. Peyton, D. A. Ranard, & S. McGinnis (Eds.), Heritage languages in America: Preserving a national resource (pp. 37–77). Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics & McHenry, IL: & Delta Systems.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Valk, P. O., & Backus, A. (2013). Syntactic change in an immigrant language: From non-finite to finite subordinate clauses in Turkish. Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics, 4(2), 7–29. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wallraff, G. (1988). Lowest of the low, transl. M. Chalmers. New York, NY: Mandarin.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wiese, H. (2012). Kiezdeutsch: Ein neuer Dialekt entsteht. Munich: C. H. Beck. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Yağmur, K. (2004). Language maintenance patterns of Turkish immigrant communities in Australia and Western Europe: The impact of majority attitudes on ethnolinguistic vitality perceptions. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 165, 121–142.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2009). Language use and ethnolinguistic vitality of Turkish compared with the Dutch in the Netherlands. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 30(3), 219–233. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2011). Does ethnolinguistic vitality theory account for the actual vitality of ethnic groups? A critical evaluation. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 32(2), 111–120. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2016). Intergenerational language use and acculturation of Turkish speakers in four immigration contexts. Frankfurt: Peter Lang. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Yağmur, K., & Van de Vijver, F. J. (2012). Acculturation and language orientations of Turkish immigrants in Australia, France, Germany, and the Netherlands. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43(7), 1110–1130. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Yurdakul, G., & Bodeman, M. (2006). ‘We don’t want to be the Jews of tomorrow’: Jews and Turks in Germany after 9/11. German Politics and Society, 24(2), 44–67. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cited by (1)

Cited by one other publication

Çiftci, Ayşe
2024. How Turkish supplementary schools in the UK boost vocabulary in bilingual children (ages 4–8). Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 1 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue