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In:Heritage Languages: A language contact approach
Suzanne Aalberse, Ad Backus and Pieter Muysken
[Studies in Bilingualism 58] 2019
► pp. 299–302

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Subject index

Published online: 28 November 2019
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https://doi.org/10.1075/sibil.58.si

A

  • Access 50, 83, 89, 91, 96, 104, 109, 126–127, 136–137, 148, 163–164, 198, 200, 209, 225, 232, 237, 247–248, 253, 256
  • Acquisition 1, 3, 8–11, 15–17, 19, 21, 33, 40, 53, 87, 89, 111, 112, 116–124, 126, 129, 132, 134, 146–150, 157, 159, 161–163, 171–172, 179, 183–184, 194, 196, 198–199, 201, 225, 243–245, 247, 249–250, 252–254, 257–258, 260
    • first language 8, 117, 149, 198, 254
    • second language 19, 40, 87, 119, 134, 157, 162, 198, 254, 258
  • Acrolect 247, 248, 256
  • Activation threshold hypothesis 149, 247
  • Adult L2 learnerssee Adult second language learning
  • Adult second language learning 9, 158, 247
  • Afro-Iberian 205, 247
  • Age of onset 2, 8–10, 111–112, 117, 119, 121, 138–139, 179, 247
  • Age-effects247
  • Agent phrase 214, 248
  • Ancestral ties 2–3, 9–11, 42, 45, 47, 61–62, 229, 243, 248
  • Annotation 88, 95, 97, 109
  • Anxiety 79, 87
  • Attrition 1, 6, 9, 12–14, 18–20, 39, 53, 61, 63, 79, 90, 119, 123, 125, 127, 134, 136, 147–150, 153, 155, 159, 164, 171, 200, 229, 239, 247–250, 252, 254, 255, 256, 254–256, 259–260

B

  • Baseline 20, 61, 108–109, 111–113, 116–119, 130–132, 138, 142–144, 147–148, 154, 164, 219, 244, 251, 258
  • Basic vocabulary 70, 72, 205, 248
  • Basilect 248, 256
  • Bilingualism
    • additive 16, 232, 247
    • replacive259
    • simultaneous121
    • subtractive 16, 129, 259, 260
  • Borrowing 11–13, 31, 61, 68, 74, 76, 81, 136, 143, 157, 210, 211–212, 219, 223, 240–241, 247–248, 255
    • cultural 70–71
  • Brokering 53, 248
  • By-phrase 215, 248

C

  • California 56, 236, 251
  • Calque 201, 208, 248, 255
  • Caribbean 21, 26–27, 129, 203, 206, 213, 257
  • Chain migration248
  • Child first language loss249
  • Clitic250
  • Codeswitching 12–14, 18–19, 30, 34, 37, 39, 40–41, 43, 49, 52, 55, 63–86, 90, 93–94, 98, 100, 102, 124, 143, 151, 183, 188, 192, 195–198, 200–201, 219–222, 225, 239, 240–241, 244, 248–249, 253
    • alternational 219, 222
    • insertional 14, 69, 72, 81, 219, 220, 222
  • Coding154
  • Colonial language 26, 206, 249
  • Community language 3, 11, 69, 122, 125, 232, 238, 243, 244, 249, 252, 253
    • school 249, 253
  • Community norms 10, 20, 249
  • Complementary school249
  • Comprehension 21, 159, 164, 173, 183, 185–187, 192, 194, 200, 237, 249, 252, 257
  • Constitutional national language 230, 249
  • Constraint 151, 154, 173, 175–178, 198
  • Contact-induced grammaticalization158
  • Contact-induced language change 40–41, 196, 244
  • Content vocabularysee Content word
  • Content word 70, 72, 210, 240, 249
  • Convergence 12–13, 15, 39, 155–158, 164, 196, 240, 249, 256
  • Conversation 19, 49, 52–57, 64, 76, 78, 81–82, 87–88, 90, 92–96, 98–102, 104, 106, 168, 17, 196, 218, 237, 241, 254
  • Copying248
  • Creole 21, 24, 27–28, 54, 136, 203–206, 213, 247–248, 250, 253, 255–257, 260
  • Creole genesis255
  • Critical period
    • for acquisition 19, 163, 199, 250
    • for attrition 19, 147, 250
  • Cross linguistic influence250
  • Cross-language activation 187, 188, 190–191, 194–197, 250
  • Cultural ties 7–8, 10, 30, 46
  • Cultural fluency250
  • Cyclic migration250

D

  • Declarative knowledge199
  • Dialect(al) variation250
  • Diaspora 18, 23, 24, 27–30, 39, 41, 243, 250
  • Diminutive 211, 215, 220, 250
  • Discourse 19, 45, 55, 61, 68–69, 72, 75–76, 81, 90, 98, 130, 152, 165–168, 185, 196–197, 201, 210, 212, 219, 221–222, 225, 240–242, 250, 254
  • Discourse marker 219, 222, 250
  • Divergence 6, 15, 57, 126, 147–148, 250, 256
  • Diversity management 22, 225–226, 250
  • Documentation 22, 89, 225–226, 229, 237, 250, 255
  • Dominance 3–5, 10–11, 47, 112, 133, 137–138, 162, 183, 196, 199, 201, 241, 243, 251–252
  • Dual
    • grammatical category 155, 159
    • language enrolment251
    • language experiment 196–197
    • language immersion 236, 251

E

  • Ecological validity 20, 88, 90, 94, 98, 101–104, 189, 251
  • Education 9, 22, 41, 50, 58, 73, 113, 127, 133, 206, 208–209, 211, 219, 225–226, 231, 232–237, 242–243, 253, 255, 261
  • Entrenchment 74, 179, 251
  • Ethical concerns 20, 108, 251
  • Ethnic affiliation251
  • Ethnicity 8, 34, 63, 83, 92, 232–233, 251
  • Ethnolects 10, 11, 32, 34, 45, 63, 251
  • Expats251
  • Experiment 88, 89, 101, 103, 107, 196, 197, 198, 218, 248, 251
  • Explicit instruction247
  • Explicit knowledge251
  • External factor 141, 146, 155, 158, 244

F

  • Fieldwork 37, 59, 90, 252
  • First language 6, 16, 26, 79, 117, 119, 122, 129, 162, 198, 200, 247, 249, 254, 258–260
  • Fluency 56, 133, 134, 135, 250, 256, 262
  • Foreign adoptees252
  • Formal approach 9, 35, 37, 48, 51, 57, 91–92, 97–98, 126–127, 131, 148, 155, 165, 170, 173–174, 178, 181, 208, 233, 242, 252, 259
  • Frequency 12, 38, 73, 105–106, 125, 131, 137, 148–150, 153–154, 158, 171, 179–181, 185, 187–188, 191, 194, 221, 252, 258, 260
  • Frequency distribution252
  • Function words 179, 210, 215, 240, 242, 252
  • Functional differentiation252
  • Functions of codeswitching 67, 86
  • Fundamental difference hypothesis252

G

  • Generation 9, 39, 46, 53, 60–61, 78, 93, 113–116, 119, 122, 131–132, 142, 146, 158, 170–171, 237, 244, 252
  • Generative linguistics 103, 161, 162, 163, 164, 252, 258
  • Glossonym 205, 252
  • Glottophagie 226, 252
  • Grammaticality judgment tests252

H

  • HALA-test252
  • Heritage language competence253
  • Heritage language education253
  • Heritage language re-learners253
  • Heritage speaker, definition 1–11
  • Home language 5, 6, 8, 16, 40, 50, 112, 121, 235, 253, 260
  • Home language education 50, 235, 253

I

  • Iberian-based creoles 205, 210, 253
  • Identity 7–8, 42, 44, 50–51, 54–55, 62–63, 65, 67, 80, 84, 86, 122, 130–131, 138, 170–171, 196, 209, 227, 241, 245, 250
  • Immigrant 5–6, 13, 18, 21–23, 27, 30–32, 34–35, 37–39, 41, 49–54, 57–58, 60–61, 65, 79–80, 84, 93–95, 99, 101–102, 109, 119, 123, 125, 128–129, 135, 203, 227–228, 230, 233, 238, 248–250, 252–253, 261
  • Immigration 18, 23, 24, 30, 41, 44, 47–49, 60, 95, 106, 208, 227, 230, 232, 243, 253
  • Imperfect acquisition 53, 89, 146–149, 171–172
  • Implicit knowledge253
  • Implicit learning mechanisms253
  • Incomplete acquisitionsee Imperfect acquisition
  • Incompleteness hypothesis 253, 256
  • Indeterminacy 151, 163–164, 176–177, 253
  • Indigenous language 6, 22, 122, 229, 253
  • Indigenous language revival 22, 229
  • Informal setting 3, 26, 48, 51, 64, 87, 90–92, 94–95, 97–98, 126, 130, 148, 155, 179, 237, 252, 256
  • Insecurity87
  • Intake 17, 127, 254
  • Inter-individual variability254
  • Interaction 9, 20, 40, 44, 51, 90, 131, 151, 160–161, 169, 172, 181, 195, 197–198, 201, 247, 254
  • Interface hypothesis 151, 152, 164, 166, 254
  • Internal factor 141, 146, 155, 160
  • Internal migration254
  • Internal validity 88, 89–90, 105, 254
  • Intra-individual variability254
  • Ius sanguinis 23, 254
  • Ius soli 23, 254

J

  • Judgment 19, 87, 103–107, 118, 125, 127, 142, 165, 200, 252, 254, 261
  • Judicial system255

K

  • Koiné 27–28, 254

L

  • Language change 13, 17, 21, 40, 61, 67, 81, 86, 111–112, 131, 161–162, 164, 172, 196, 201, 230, 249, 256, 258, 261
  • L1 acquisitionsee Acquisition, first language
  • L1 attrition 149, 254
  • L1 restructuring254
  • L2 acquisitionsee Acquisition, second language
  • Language
    • attitudes 62, 100, 138, 244, 254
    • choice 18, 43–45, 51–57, 63–64, 67, 78, 83–84, 86, 91, 99–100, 108, 122, 171, 196, 218, 241–242, 254
    • death 56, 60, 237, 254
    • description.255
    • documentation 89, 225, 226, 250, 255
    • ideology 54, 85, 128, 230, 232, 255
    • loss 1, 6, 61, 119, 239, 249–250, 255
    • maintenance 12, 18, 34, 43–45, 51, 54, 59–60, 62, 65, 79–80, 138, 149, 225, 243–244, 255
    • policy 2, 22, 54, 57, 226–227, 255
    • processing 21, 42, 164, 183–185, 187, 190, 193, 195–196, 200–201, 247, 250, 256, 260–261
    • revival 22, 226, 229, 255
    • rights 225, 226, 243, 255
    • shift 18, 22, 43–45, 52–53, 57–60, 62–63, 65, 78–81, 218, 225, 229, 255, 259
    • use 9–10, 17–18, 23, 30–31, 33, 40–44, 49, 53–58, 67, 69, 82, 85–86, 90, 92, 94, 99–100, 106, 112, 118, 123–125, 128, 130–131, 137–138, 148–150, 172, 183–184, 186–189, 192, 194–196, 200–201, 204–206, 237, 241, 243–245, 248–249, 251, 243, 259
  • Less is more hypothesis255
  • Lexical gap 71–72, 74, 241
  • Lexical proficiency 135, 136, 255
  • Lexifier language 21, 203, 206, 255
  • Lingua franca 26, 45, 47, 50, 85, 122, 255
  • Linguicism 226, 255
  • Linguistic diversity 91, 229, 255
  • Linguistic genocide 226, 255
  • Linguistic human rights 225, 242–243, 255
  • Literacy, degree of127
  • Loansee borrowing
  • Loan translation 143, 155, 255
  • Locative preposition 213, 256
  • Losssee attrition

M

  • Matrix 69, 101, 151–152, 219–220, 222, 253, 256
  • Matrix language 69, 151, 253
  • Measuring fluency256
  • Mesolect256
  • Migration 22, 24, 47–48, 98, 114, 200, 203–204, 227, 233, 244, 247–250, 254, 256, 261
  • Migration patterns256
  • Missing-input competence divergence hypothesis148
  • Mixed language84
  • Morphological deficits256

N

  • Naturalistic setting 1- 3, 8–10, 247
  • Netherlands 3–4, 7, 9–10, 16–17, 21, 26, 28–29, 41, 46, 48–49, 53, 55, 70–71, 79, 93, 97, 99–100, 103, 114, 122–123, 128, 138, 143–145, 147, 155–156, 159, 179–180, 203–206, 208, 218–219, 219n1, 222–223, 230, 234, 257
  • Networks 10, 24, 55, 65, 84, 128, 170, 185, 187, 188, 189, 256
  • Normal diachronic change256

O

  • Official language 2–4, 26, 207, 230, 257
  • Onset of bilingualism 119, 257
  • Optimality Theory 153, 161, 169, 172, 244, 257, 261
  • Over-acceptance257
  • Overgeneralization 151–152, 216
  • Overhearer 52, 252

P

  • Particle 36, 76, 144, 158, 168, 213–214, 221, 238–239, 250, 257
  • Particle verb 144, 221, 257
  • Passive auxiliary 206, 207, 214, 215, 257
  • Passive construction248
  • Perceptual advantages257
  • Phonetics 31, 97, 262
  • Phonetic production benefits 257, 258
  • Phonological adaptation 211, 257
  • Phonotactic pattern257
  • Picture-matching task257
  • Picture-naming task258
  • Pidgin255
  • Politeness 52, 258
  • Post-colonial heritage language258
  • Post-nominal adjective258
  • Pragmatic salience 212, 258
  • Prestige 6, 58, 128, 209, 225, 239, 247–248, 256
  • Priming 21, 81, 83, 179, 191–192, 198, 218, 258, 264
  • Procedural knowledge199
  • Production 21, 102, 107, 112, 118, 127, 142, 152–153, 161, 164, 173, 183–187, 192–195, 198–200, 237, 251–252, 254, 256–258
  • Production advantages heritage accent (different from L2 accent)258
  • Proficiency 3, 5–8, 16–17, 42, 45, 51, 53, 57. 62, 72–73, 79, 87, 108, 111–112, 115, 118–118, 121–124, 127–129, 131–138, 157, 183, 191, 194, 198–200, 209, 218, 228, 236, 244, 255, 258, 260, 262
  • Pronunciation 19, 34, 67, 121, 154, 190, 199, 200, 241, 257, 261
  • Purism 19, 98, 239, 241, 258

Q

  • Qualitative differences 9, 124, 258
  • Quantitative differences 173, 175, 258
  • Questionnaires 19, 33, 52, 56, 87, 99, 137–138, 244

R

  • Racialization258
  • Reanalysis258
  • Receptive bilingualsee Overhearer
  • Recordings 19, 20, 35, 88, 90, 92–95, 101–102, 104–105, 168, 170, 189, 219, 244
  • Reduction 26, 148, 154, 179, 252, 256, 259
  • Register 6, 20, 26, 57, 112, 126, 130, 148, 170, 242, 247–248, 259–260
  • Register variation 112, 259
  • Regression hypothesis 149, 259
  • Relexified/relexification259
  • Rememberers259
  • Representation 127, 185, 186, 247
  • Representational differences259
  • Restructuring 254, 259
  • Retelling 165, 259
  • Returnees 158, 259
  • Reversing language shift 22, 225, 229, 259
  • Revival program259
  • Role input259

S

  • Self-study247
  • Semantic domain/field259
  • Semantic extensions156
  • Semantic specificity72
  • Semi-speakers 6, 239, 260
  • Sequential bilinguals 15, 17, 40, 119, 120, 121
  • Serial verb construction260
  • Sign languages260
  • Simplification 26, 44, 157, 260
  • Social factors 44, 48, 58, 67, 84
  • Sociolectal variation 206, 260
  • Sociolinguistic pressure260
  • Speaker profiles 7, 260
  • Speakers’ perspective 23, 41
  • Speech community 6, 20, 55, 60, 69, 82–83, 90, 126, 128, 130, 169–170, 179, 243, 247, 252, 255, 260
  • Speech rate 20, 21, 134, 187, 192, 194, 195, 260
  • Stagnated L1 development260
  • Stress 6, 10, 147, 162, 217, 245, 261
  • Submersion 208, 260
  • Superdiversity 129, 260
  • Swadesh list 136, 210
  • Syllable 216, 217, 257, 261

T

  • Transcription 19, 88, 93, 95, 96, 109
  • Transfer 63, 79, 103, 146, 155, 157, 171, 183, 192, 195, 198, 201, 244, 261
  • Transnational norms261
  • Transparency 148, 151, 153, 159, 261
  • Truth value judgment tasks261
  • Two-way immersion 236, 251

U

  • Ultimate attainment 124, 261
  • Unitary Linguistic System Hypothesis261
  • Universal tendencies 210, 261
  • Unstressed 205, 261
  • Urbanization254
  • Usage-based models 178, 179, 249, 262

V

  • Variance among bilinguals262
  • Variation 15, 20, 49, 54, 63, 81, 92, 94, 106, 108, 111–115, 117–119, 124, 128, 130–131, 134–135, 138, 141, 147, 161, 163–164, 169, 173–176, 178–179, 181, 184, 205–206, 208, 225, 231, 249, 250, 258–260
  • Variationist approach 21, 262
  • Vitality 45–46, 49, 56, 57–58, 137, 259, 262
  • Vowel 36, 169, 170, 173, 257, 261
  • Vulnerable domains262

W

  • Weaker Language as L1 hypothesis262
  • Weaker language as L2 hypothesis262
  • World Englishes262
  • Writing system 230–231
  • Written data 91, 97–98
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