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In:Bilingualism, Executive Function, and Beyond: Questions and insights
Edited by Irina A. Sekerina, Lauren Spradlin and Virginia Valian
[Studies in Bilingualism 57] 2019
► pp. 375–377

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Subject index

Published online: 12 June 2019
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/sibil.57.si

A

  • ADHD 256–257, 341
  • age of acquisition (AoA) 19–20, 85, 117–128, 269–271, 281–290, 355–366
  • age of onset (AoO)
    • of dementia 88–90
    • of L2 117–128, 140, 188–195
  • Alzheimer’s disease (AD) 86, 355–366 ; see also dementia
  • analysis of variance models
    • ANOVA 24–26, 74, 131–141, 172–174, 192–197
    • ANCOVA 192–197
    • limitations 23–26
  • anaphora, anaphoric referring expressions 131–141
  • appropriateness of statistical methods and interpretations 29–30, 67–76
  • attrition 133–141
  • auditory interference 103–112
  • autism spectrum disorder, 337–350
  • automatic response suppressionsee response inhibition

B

  • bilingualism
    • classification issues 43–44, 67–76
      • bilingualism as a dichotomous variable, problems with 73–74
      • comparisons to monolingualism296
      • functional monolinguals 340–341
      • measures for participants 10, 21, 57, 58, 83, 111, 127, 140, 162, 168, 182–187, 210, 215, 228, 249, 258–259, 267–268, 275, 284, 297, 303, 305–306, 309, 339, 341–343, 347, 349, 361–362, 365
    • defining bilingualism 21–23, 127–128, 228, 296, 308, 362
  • bilingualism’s impact on cognition, 81–95
    • bilingual adaptation 49–60
    • bilingual advantage, 109–113, 147–157, 238
      • debate, disagreement, discrepant findings 56–57, 67–76, 81–95, 237–244
      • extra-linguistic cognitive benefits 246–260
        • Bilingual Advantage Hypothesis 68–71
        • Bilingual Inhibitory Control Advantage (BICA) 251–257
        • Bilingual Executive Processing Advantage (BEPA) 251–257
        • Bilingual Switching Advantage (BSA) 251–257
      • inhibitory control 54–55
    • bilingual disadvantage 29, 81–95, 238–239, 2–3, 67–76, 131, 249–260, 268–275
      • in vocabulary development 24–26, 152, 249, 268–269, 297, 301, 303, 306–308, 344
    • myths and misconceptions 84–88
  • bilingualism over the lifespan 131–141, 295–310
    • infants242
    • children 265–275
    • teenagers 298–308, 316, 320, 323, 329–334
    • young adults 2, 4, 6, 9, 18–21, 23–24, 26, 29–30, 75, 81, 136, 140, 227, 254–257, 284, 287, 298–309, 317–335
    • older adults 20, 23, 75, 88, 90, 227, 284, 287, 298–309, 318, 321, 324, 326, 330, 333, 336, 362, 364
  • bilingual language systems 69–71
  • bimodal bilinguals (speech-sign bilinguals) 42, 54

C

  • Catalan 2, 3, 163, 177
  • Chinese, Cantonese/Mandarin 2, 3, 109, 149–150, 257, 362
  • coactivation of languages 51, 52, 69–70 ; see also parallel activation
  • code-switching 8, 42–43, 59, 161–178, 184–205
    • definitions 162, 182
    • differences in code-switching habits and preferences 42–43, 161–178
    • lexical switching 41–42
  • cognitive controlsee executive functions
  • costs 39–40, 55, 91, 137–138, 163–164, 167, 171–178, 215, 240, 251, 256–257, 273
    • interference costs 40, 267
    • mixing costs 163–164
    • monitoring costs 167, 171–178
    • switch(ing) costs 40, 55, 91, 163–164, 215, 256–257, 273
  • critical period 124–127, 365

D

  • data trimming, limitations of26
  • dative alternation 147–157
  • dense code switchingsee code-switching
  • Dutch 110, 149

E

  • ecologically valid experimental measures 181–197
  • electrophysiological differences 27, 60
  • executive controlsee executive functions
  • executive functions (EF) 1–2, 211–212
    • bilingual cognitive control 35–44
      • Adaptive Control Hypothesis (ACH) 36–38, 59–60
      • Cognitive Control Framework 281–290
      • Control Process Model (CP model, CP)59
      • Inhibitory Control (IC) model 54–55
      • lack of detailed, operationalizable model 241–242
      • Unity and Diversity 8, 29, 104–15, 215–219, 231, 348
  • components of EF 29, 37, 56–58, 132–141, 210–219, 224–232, 238, 251, 266–270, 285, 289, 348–349
    • attention, attentional focus 18–30, 55–58, 67–76, 104–107, 132–141, 223–232, 247–260 ; see also Attentional Networks Task (ANT)
    • common EFs 8, 57, 151, 215–217, 232
    • conflict monitoring 55–56, 162–163
      • goal maintenance 37, 55–56, 282
    • inhibitory control, inhibition 29, 37–43, 51–58, 104–106, 112, 132, 139–141, 149, 151, 155–157, 161–178, 191–192, 215–219, 225, 228–232, 250–257, 266, 270–274, 287–288
      • response inhibition 37, 103–112, 147–148, 209–210, 214–215, 239–240, 271–274, 283, 285–286
    • interference control 7, 54–55, 103–108, 109–113, 213–214, 288
    • set-shifting 214, 218, 287, 339, 341, 344–347
    • updating 138–140, 215–216, 266, 272
    • working memory 9, 214–215, 266, 272–274, 285, 287, 346
  • experimental design 67–76, 91–85, 225–227
  • experimental methods 7, 50, 74, 118–125, 182, 186, 195–197, 356, 365–366
    • behavioral 106, 281–290
    • eye-tracking 40, 52–53, 123, 285
    • longitudinal studies 83–84
    • neuroimaging (EEG, ERP, fMRI) 27, 38–43, 59–60, 105–106, 108, 120
    • priming 7, 117–128, 139, 147–157
    • reaction times (RTs) 19–22, 226, 240, 281–290, 295–310
  • lack of detailed fine-grained task analysis, 237–244
  • experimental tasks 2–5, 8–11, 19–30, 36–38, 53–58, 68–71, 139–140, 151–157, 162–164, 169–171, 176–177, 185–197, 210–219, 224–232, 238–244, 251–257, 266–269, 272–275, 282–289, 296–301, 339–348, 362
    • anti-saccade 22, 216
    • Attentional Networks Task (ANT) 55, 223–232
    • AX Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT) 37–44, 58
    • (bilingual) email production task 181, 192
    • Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) 153, 337, 345
    • flanker task 4, 22, 37, 55, 161–179, 181–197, 210, 224, 226, 239, 251, 269
    • frequency judgment task 169, 171, 181, 189–190, 192, 195
    • Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test for English 24, 344
    • Simon task 4, 37, 223, 225, 295
    • stop-signal task 37, 216
    • Stroop task 19, 211, 216, 240, 251, 299
    • verbal fluency tasksee verbal fluency
    • Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) 274, 284

F

  • Finnish 2, 163
  • flanker effect240
  • French 2, 40, 108, 150, 249–260, 269, 339–350
  • functional monolinguals, 340–341 ; see also proficient bilinguals

G

  • Gaelic 85, 91
  • German 2, 11, 109, 111, 120–126, 161–178, 181–205
  • global inhibition 166–167, 176
  • Greek 122, 133–134, 136
  • group difference 24, 268, 363
    • between group 71, 171, 195
    • non-linear effects 123–126
  • Guarani252

H

  • healthy immigrant effect360
  • Hebrew 266–267
  • heritage speakers 161–178, 181–197

I

  • individual differences 265–275, 281–290, 355–366
    • characterization of, with respect to the bilingual experience 73–76
    • educational attainment 93, 228, 361
    • immigration statussee also healthy immigrant effect 92–93, 167, 360–365
    • socioeconomic status (SES) 23, 265, 297, 339, 360
    • use of languages 35–44
  • interferencesee executive functions
  • Italian 110–111, 133–141

L

  • language processingsee processing
  • language switchingsee code-switching
  • latent variables 212–220
  • local inhibition 166–167

M

  • measuressee experimental methods
  • mental flexibility 163, 177–178, 249–250
  • modularity 9–10
  • morphology, inflectional and derivational 7, 118–121, 126–128
  • multiverse analyses 10–11

N

  • neurocognitive consequences of bilingualism, 35–44, 49–60, 257–258
  • neurological differences vs. behavioral differences 26–27, 35–44, 242–244
    • neuroplasticity, structural changes 49–60, 364
    • neuroprotectionsee protection, protective factors
  • noise, listening in 103–112
  • Norwegian 150–157
  • null effects 28–29, 71–73, 81–95, 177, 239, 255
  • null subject languages, null pronouns 132–137

P

  • participant characteristics 90–91, 266–271
    • selection of participants29
  • Portuguese 136, 267
  • primingsee experimental methods
  • processing
    • grammatical 117–128, 161–179, 181–197
    • lexical 51, 81, 120, 227
    • morphological118
    • pronominal 131–141
    • speedsee speed of processing
  • proficiency effects 109–113
    • proficient bilinguals 340–341 ; see also functional monolinguals
  • pronouns, pronominal use 7, 133–139
  • protection, protective factors 81–82, 248, 338–350, 355–366
  • publication bias 28–29, 81–95, 255–256

R

  • replicability 10, 18, 28, 132, 148, 161, 181, 246, 255
    • replication crisis 81–95
  • referring expressionssee anaphora
  • Russian 122, 267

S

  • Simon effect240
  • Spanish 2, 3, 43, 51–53, 133, 136, 149, 150, 163, 177, 343–350
  • speed of processing 265–276, 281–290
    • definition282
  • Stroop effectsee experimental tasks
  • Swabian11
  • Swedish 2, 163

T

  • task purity and impurity 3, 209–219, 231–232, 239, 342
  • taskssee experimental tasks
  • trilingualism 223–232
  • Turkish 122, 125, 190, 272–273

U

  • Urdu267

V

  • verbal fluency 58, 117, 337–350
  • vocabulary size 24–26, 118, 131, 152–154, 243, 268, 295–336

W

  • Welsh 9, 295–336
  • white matter integrity364
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