In:Columbia School Linguistics in the 21st Century
Edited by Nancy Stern, Ricardo Otheguy, Wallis Reid and Jaseleen Sackler
[Studies in Functional and Structural Linguistics 77] 2019
► pp. 73–104
The object of explanation for linguistics
Diver’s radical proposal for the foundations of linguistic theory
Published online: 2 October 2019
https://doi.org/10.1075/sfsl.77.03rei
https://doi.org/10.1075/sfsl.77.03rei
Abstract
What is the ultimate object of explanation in linguistics? What are the pre-analytical observations, the
observations against which all theoretical constructs are tested? Columbia School (CS) proposes a radical answer:
the observations in linguistics, and hence its ultimate object of explanation, are the acoustic asymmetries of the
speech continuum. This fact is responsible for the paradoxical status of meaning and communication in CS theory.
CS theory takes the communicative function of language as key to the nature of linguistic structure, yet it does
not offer a theory of communication. It analyzes linguistic structure as consisting of inventories of
meaning-bearing signs; yet it does not offer a theory of meaning which maps utterances to interpretations. This
paper articulates the reasons that CS linguistics declines to treat the interpretations of utterances as
linguistic objects in need of explanation. It also provides a detailed description of how a CS grammatical
analysis accounts for features of the acoustic asymmetries of a spoken English text, and provides an explanation
for them.
Resumen
El objeto de explicación en la lingüística: La propuesta radical de Diver sobre los fundamentos de la teoría lingüística¿Qué explica la lingüística? ¿Cuál es su objeto de estudio
fundamental? ¿Cuáles son las observaciones pre-analíticas contra las que cotejamos la validez de nuestros
constructos teóricos? La Escuela de Columbia (EC) propone una respuesta radical: las observaciones de la
lingüística y, consecuentemente, su objeto de estudio fundamental, son las asimetrías acústicas del continuo del
habla. Es esto lo que lleva, dentro de la teoría, al aparente estatus paradójico de la comunicación y el
significado. La EC sostiene que la función comunicativa de la lengua es la clave para la comprensión de la
estructura lingüística, mas sin embargo no aporta una teoría de la comunicación. Considera que la estructura
lingüística consiste en inventarios de signos con significados, pero no aporta una teoría de significados que se
correspondan con las interpretaciones de las emisiones. El presente trabajo explica las razones por las cuales la
EC no considera que los significados de las emisiones sean objetos lingüísticos merecedores o necesitados de
explicación. El trabajo ofrece también un estudio detallado de un análisis gramatical de la EC que da cuenta de
las asimetrías acústicas en un texto del inglés hablado y proporciona una explicación de las mismas.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.A new foundation for linguistics
- 2.1The special case of the data of linguistics
- 2.2The introduction of the communicative orientation
- 2.3Communication as essential rather than accidental to language
- 2.4The actual starting point of grammatical analysis
- 2.5The Diverian deduction and the exclusion of traditional constructs
- 3.An actual analysis of the sound stream
- 3.1Two systems of grammatical number
- 3.2The two Number systems and the observable sound continuum
- 3.3From theoretical categories back to observational categories
- 3.4Why explanatory constructs must precede objective description
- 3.5Summary
- 4.Formless messaging and Columbia School theory
- 4.1Linking sound to sense: The practical problem
- 4.2The conceptual impossibility of linking sound to sense
- 4.3Messages are artifacts of the validation procedure
- 4.4No objects of thought
- 4.5The autonomy of grammar
- 5.Concluding discussion
- 5.1The theoretical status of ‘meaning’
- 5.2Summary conclusion
Acknowledgements Notes References
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