In:Directional Particles in Cantonese: Form, function, and grammaticalization
Winnie Chor
[Studies in Chinese Language and Discourse 9] 2018
► pp. v–viii
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Published online: 24 May 2018
https://doi.org/10.1075/scld.9.toc
https://doi.org/10.1075/scld.9.toc
Table of contents
Acknowledgements
Table of contents
Abbreviations
Romanization
List of tables
List of diagrams
Chapter 1.Introduction and theoretical preliminaries
1.1Preamble
1.1.1Typology of Cantonese
1.1.2Studies on Cantonese particles
1.2Research on grammaticalization in China and the West
1.2.1A brief history of grammaticalization
1.2.2Typical features associated with grammaticalization
1.2.3Grammaticalization studies on Western European languages
1.2.4The unidirectionality principle
1.2.5Grammaticalization studies in Chinese
1.3Data and approach
1.3.1Early Cantonese materials
1.3.2Cantonese films
1.3.3The HKCanCor corpus
1.3.4Cantonese dictionaries
1.4Goals of the present study
1.5Outline of chapters
Chapter 2.Directional particles in Cantonese
2.1Introduction
2.2Directional particles: Form, function, and grammaticalization
2.3More about directional particles
2.3.1A ‘particle’? A ‘complement’?!
2.3.2Complex directional complement
2.3.3Directional use and resultative use
2.3.4The verb-particle construction
2.3.4.1The serial verb construction
2.3.4.2The coverb construction
2.3.5Monosyllabic preference
Chapter 3.Mechanisms in grammaticalization: Semantic-pragmatic perspectives
3.1Introduction
3.2Metaphorical extension
3.2.1The importance of an image schema
3.2.2Metaphor as the first and most common mechanism
3.3Pragmatic enrichment
3.3.1The notion of ‘implicature’
3.3.2Pragmatic implicature in grammaticalization
3.4Subjectification
3.4.1Subjectivity and subjectification in grammaticalization
3.4.2Tests for subjectification in the grammaticalization of Cantonese directional particles
3.5Conclusion
Chapter 4.Metaphor: The fundamental mechanism
4.1Introduction
4.2Lai4 ‘come’ and heoi3 ‘go’
4.2.1Directional uses
4.2.2Metaphorical uses
4.2.2.1Lai4 ‘come’ and heoi3 ‘go’ used as purposive particles
4.2.2.2Lai4 ‘come’ used as a transfer particle
4.3Ceot1 ‘move out’ and jap6 ‘move into’
4.3.1Directional uses
4.3.2Metaphorical uses
4.4Dou3 ‘arrive’
4.4.1Directional uses
4.4.2Metaphorical uses
Chapter 5.Pragmatic enrichment: A context-based mechanism
5.1Introduction
5.2Gwo3 ‘move across’
5.2.1Directional uses
5.2.2Metaphorical uses
5.2.2.1Gwo3 ‘move across’ as a transfer particle
5.2.2.2Gwo3 ‘move across’ as temporal markers of experience and repetition
5.2.3Pragmatic enrichment of the notion ‘worthiness’
5.3Hei2 ‘raise (something) up’
5.3.1Directional uses
5.3.2Metaphorical uses
5.3.3Pragmatic enrichment of the notion ‘completion’
5.3.3.1The historical source of completive hei2
5.3.3.2Additional constraints on completive hei2
5.3.3.2.1Current relevance requirement
5.3.3.2.2Telicity requirement
Chapter 6.Subjectification: A mechanism leading to stancemarking
6.1Introduction
6.2Soeng5 ‘ascend’ and lok6 ‘descend’
6.2.1Soeng5 ‘ascend’
6.2.1.1Metaphorical uses
6.2.2Lok6 ‘descend’
6.2.2.1Metaphorical uses
6.2.2.2The pragmatic implicature of ‘settlement of an activity’
6.2.2.3Subjectification of lok6: Settlement of the speaker's thought
6.3Hoi1 ‘move away’ and maai4 ‘move towards’
6.3.1Hoi1 ‘move away’
6.3.1.1Metaphorical uses
6.3.1.2The pragmatic implicature of ‘habit’
6.3.2Maai4 ‘move towards’
6.3.2.1Metaphorical uses
6.3.2.2The pragmatic implicature of ‘completion’
6.3.2.3Subjectification of maai4: Expression of the speaker's negative evaluation
6.4Faan1 ‘move back’
6.4.1Metaphorical uses
6.4.2The pragmatic implicature of ‘should/ought to’
6.4.3Subjectification of faan1: Expression of the speaker's positive evaluation
6.5A note on ‘asymmetry’ in grammaticalization
Chapter 7.Conclusion and future research
7.1Summary and major findings
7.2Contributions and typological significance
7.3Trends and future studies
References
Appendix
