In:Integrating Chinese Linguistic Research and Language Teaching and Learning
Edited by Hongyin Tao
[Studies in Chinese Language and Discourse 7] 2016
► pp. 81–96
Explicit, implicit and metalinguistic knowledge in L2 Chinese
Published online: 3 October 2016
https://doi.org/10.1075/scld.7.05rom
https://doi.org/10.1075/scld.7.05rom
The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between metalinguistic knowledge and language proficiency in L2 Chinese. In line with the distinction between explicit knowledge and implicit knowledge, different tests were designed and then administered to 38 intermediate level learners of Chinese in order to measure the difference between the two types of knowledge, and between these values and the scores obtained in written and oral proficiency tests. Results show that the participants’ level of explicit knowledge was higher than the implicit level. This reveals that a positive correlation exists between explicit knowledge and language proficiency, and thus confirms the role played by metalinguistic knowledge in language performance.
References (27)
Alderson, J. Charles, Caroline Clapham, and David Steel. 1997. “Metalinguistic Knowledge, Language Aptitude and Language Proficiency.” Language Teaching Research 1 (2): 93-121.
Bowles, Melissa A. 2011. “Measuring Implicit and Explicit Knowledge: What Can Heritage Language Learners Contribute?” Studies in Second Language Acquisition 33 (2): 247-271.
Davison, Anthony C., and David V. Hinkley. 1997. Bootstrap Methods and Their Application. New York: Cambridge University Press.
DiCiccio, Thomas, and Bradley Efron. 1996. “Bootstrap Confidence Intervals.” Statistical Science 11 (3): 189–228.
Elder, Catherine, and Diane Manwaring. 2004. “The Relationship between Metalinguistic Knowledge and Learning Outcomes among Undergraduate Students of Chinese.” Language Awareness 13 (3): 145-162.
Efron, Bradley. 1987. “Better Bootstrap Confidence Intervals.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 82 (397): 171–185.
Ellis, Nick. 2005. “At the Interface: Dynamic Interactions of Explicit and Implicit Language Knowledge.” Studies in Second Language Acquisition 27 (2): 305-352.
. 2006. “Selective Attention and Transfer Phenomena in L2 Acquisition: Contingency, Cue Completion, Salience, Interference, Overshadowing, Blocking and Perceptual Learning.” Applied Linguistics 27 (2): 164-194.
. 2007. “SLA: The Associative-cognitive Creed.” In Theories in Second Language Acquisition: An Introduction, ed. by Bill Van Patten and Jessica Williams, 77-96. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ellis, Rod. 1994. “A Theory of Instructed Second Language Acquisition.” In Implicit and Explicit Learning of Languages, ed. by Nick Ellis, 79-114. London: Academic Press.
. 2005. “Measuring Implicit and Explicit Knowledge of a Second Language.” Studies in Second Language Acquisition 27: 141-172.
. 2006. “Modeling Learning Difficulty and Second Language Proficiency: The Differential Contributions of Implicit and Explicit.” Applied Linguistics 27 (3): 431-463.
Gutiérrez, Xavier. 2012. “Implicit Knowledge; Explicit Knowledge, and Achievement in Second Language (L2) Spanish.” The Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics 15 (1): 20-41.
. 2013. “The Construct Validity of Grammaticality Judgment Tests as Measures of Implicit and Explicit Knowledge.” Studies in Second Language Acquisition 35: 423-449.
Han, Youngju, and Rod Ellis. 1998. “Implicit knowledge, Explicit Knowledge and General Language Proficiency.” Language Teaching Research 2: 1-23.
Han, Youngju. 2000. “Grammaticality Judgment Tests: How Reliable and Valid Are They?” Applied Language Learning 11 (1):177-204.
Han, Zhaohong, and Rosette Finneran. 2014. “Re-engaging the Interface Debate: Strong, Weak, None, or All?” International Journal of Applied Linguistics 24 (3): 370-389.
Hu, Guangwei. 2002. “Psychological Constraints on the Utility of Metalinguistic Knowledge in Second Language Production.” Studies in Second Language Acquisition 24: 347-386.
Loewen, Shawn. 2009. “Grammaticality Judgment Test and the Measurement of Implicit and Explicit L2 Knowledge”. In Implicit and Explicit Knowledge in Second Language Learning, Testing and Teaching, ed. by Rod Ellis, Shawn Loewen, Catherine Elder, Rosemary Erlam, Jenefer Philip, and Hayo Reinders, 94-112. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Mandell, Paul B. 1999. “On the Reliability of Grammaticality Judgment Tests in Second Language Acquisition Research.” Second Language Research 15 (1): 73-99.
Masini, Federico,Tongbin Zhang, Hua Bai, Anna Di Toro, and Dongmei Liang (eds). 2006. Il Cinese Per Gli Italiani. Milan: Hoepli.
Renou, Janet. 2001. “An Examination of the Relationship between Metalinguistic Awareness and Second-language Proficiency of Adult Learners of French.” Language Awareness 10 (4): 248-267.
Roher, Karen. 2008. “Metalinguistic Knowledge and Language Ability in University- Level L2 Learners.” Applied Linguistics 29 (2): 173-199.
