In:Voices Past and Present - Studies of Involved, Speech-related and Spoken Texts: In honor of Merja Kytö
Edited by Ewa Jonsson and Tove Larsson
[Studies in Corpus Linguistics 97] 2020
► pp. 283–300
Chapter 17“If anyone would have told me, I would have not believed it”
Using corpora to question assumptions about spoken vs. written grammar in EFL grammars and other normative works
Published online: 5 October 2020
https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.97.17sch
https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.97.17sch
The aim of this chapter is to critically examine the accuracy of the advice on formal, written grammar offered in EFL teaching materials and other normative works. We use corpus data to investigate the use of four grammatical features often labelled as “informal” or “spoken” and find that the guidelines presented in university textbooks and other normative sources do not always match actual usage. Our findings call for a re-examination of the role of prescriptivism in teaching materials and in the language classroom, especially regarding the use of the split infinitive, like meaning ‘such as,’ and the conjunct though.
Keywords: normative works, prescriptivism, corpus studies, EFL instruction
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Material and method
- 3.Results and discussion
- 3.1Conditional would have
- 3.2Three uses of like
- 3.3 Though as a conjunct
- 3.4The “split” infinitive
- 4.Conclusion
Acknowledgment Notes References Appendix
References (35)
Aijmer, K. 2003. Engelska – ett språk utan gränser. In Gränser: Humanistdag-boken 16, E. Ahlstedt, M.-L. Follér, A. Lundqvist, M. Nyman, T. Magnusson, T. Olsson & B. Ryder Liljegren (eds), 13–20. Gothenburg: Faculty of the Humanities, Gothenburg University.
Barth-Weingarten, D. & Couper-Kuhlen, E. 2002. On the development of final though: A case of grammaticalization? In New Reflections on Grammaticalization [Typological Studies in Language 49], I. Wischer & G. Diewald (eds), 345–361. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Biber, D. & Gray, B. 2011. Grammatical change in the noun phrase: The influence of written language use. English Language and Linguistics 15(2): 223–250.
Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S. & Finegan, E. 1999. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow: Pearson.
Connors, R. J. & Lunsford, A. A. 1988. Frequency of formal errors in current college writing, or Ma and Pa Kettle do research. College Composition and Communication 39(4): 395–409..
Davies, M. 2008. The Corpus of Contemporary American English: 450 million words, 1990–present. <[URL]> (10 July 2019).
Denison, D. 1998. Syntax. In The Cambridge History of the English Language, Vol. IV: 1776–1997, S. Romaine (ed.), 92–329. Cambridge: CUP.
Estling Vannestål, M. 2015. A University Grammar of English: With a Swedish Perspective, 2nd edn. Lund: Studentlitteratur.
Gabrielatos, C. 2005. Corpora and language teaching: Just a fling or wedding bells? Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language 8(4): n.p.
. <[URL]> (10 July 2019).
Hundt, M. & Mair, C. 1999. ‘Agile’ and ‘uptight’ genres: The corpus-based approach to language change in progress. The International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 4(2): 221–242.
Hyland, K. & Jiang, F. (K.). 2017. Is academic writing becoming more informal? English for Specific Purposes 45(1): 40–51.
Ishihara, N. 2003.
“I wish I would have known!”: The usage of would have in past counterfactual if- and wish-clauses. Issues in Applied Linguistics 14(1): 21–48.
Larsson, T. & Kaatari, H. 2019. Extraposition in learner and expert writing: Exploring (in)formality and the impact of register. International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 5(1): 33–62.
Mair, C. 1997. Parallel corpora: A real-time approach to the study of language change in progress. In Corpus-based Studies in English, M. Ljung (ed.), 195–209. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Molencki, R. 2000. Parallelism vs. asymmetry: The case of English counterfactual conditionals. In Pathways of Change: Grammaticalization in English [Studies in Language Companion Series 53], O. Fischer, A. Rosenbach & D. Stein (eds), 311–328. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
OED = Oxford English Dictionary Online. OUP. <[URL]> (15 May 2020).
Perales-Escudero, M. D. 2011. To split or not to split: The split infinitive past and present. Journal of English Linguistics 39(4): 313–334.
Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G. & Svartvik, J. 1985. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman.
Römer, U. 2007. Learner language and the norms in native corpora and EFL teaching materials: A case study of English conditionals. In Anglistentag 2006 Halle: Proceedings, S. Volk-Birke & J. Lippert (eds), 355–363. Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier.
Rubio, F. D. & Martínez Lirola, M. 2010. English as a foreign language in the EU: Preliminary analysis of the difference in proficiency levels among the member states. European Journal of Language Policy 2(1): 23–40..
Shaw, P. 2009. Chapter 11. Linking adverbials in student and professional writing in literary studies: What makes writing mature. In Academic Writing: At the Interface of Corpus and Discourse, M. Charles, D. Pecorari & S. Hunston (eds), 215–235. London: Continuum.
