Cover not available

In:Corpora and the Changing Society: Studies in the evolution of English
Edited by Paula Rautionaho, Arja Nurmi and Juhani Klemola
[Studies in Corpus Linguistics 96] 2020
► pp. 199–222

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload Book PDF
EPUB logo with download linkDownload Book EPUB
authorization required

So-called -ingly adverbs in Late Middle and Early Modern English

 | Kyoto University
Published online: 8 April 2020
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.96.08iye
Abstract
This chapter traces the increase of -ingly adverbs from Late Middle to Early Modern English. Not only the frequency and versatility but also the functions of -ingly adverbs expanded in this period: from the modification of adjectives, adverbs, and verbs (found both in the Middle and Early Modern English data) to the modification of the whole sentence (found only in the Early Modern English data). Sentential adverbs of the commenting type (disjuncts) are still absent throughout the entire period of this study. Finally, this chapter discusses some -ingly adverbs of the so-called “Harry Potter” type, suggesting that their development is earlier than assumed in previous studies.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Data
  • 3.The increase of -ingly adverbs in Late Middle and Early Modern English
  • 4.Different types of -ingly adverbs
  • 5.Functions of -ingly adverbs
    • 5.1Modification of adjectives, verbs, and clauses
    • 5.2Harry Potter adverbs
  • 6.Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
  • Appendix
References (20)
References
Corpora
EEBO = Early English Books Online. <[URL]> (1 November 2018).
Other references
Biber, Douglas, Johansson, Stig, Leech, Geoffrey, Conrad, Susan, & Finegan, Edward. 1999. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow: Longman.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Broccias, Cristiano. 2012a. Oriented -ingly adjuncts in Late Modern English. In English Historical Linguistics 2008, Vol. 2: Words, Texts and Genres [Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 324], Hans Sauer & Gaby Waxenberger (eds), 147–164. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2012b. The syntax-lexicon continuum. In The Oxford Handbook of the History of English, Terttu Nevalainen & Elizabeth Closs Traugott (eds), 735–747. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Iyeiri, Yoko. 2011. Early Modern English Prose Selections: Directions in historical corpus linguistics. Memoirs of the Faculty of Letters, Kyoto University 50: 133–199. <[URL]> (8 December 2018).
. 2014. The shift from alway to always in the history of English. In Studies in Middle and Modern English: Historical Change, Yoko Iyeiri & Jennifer Smith (eds), 29–47. Suita: Osaka Books.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2016. On alway(s) and algate(s) in Middle English again. Memoirs of the Faculty of Letters, Kyoto University 55: 61–80. <[URL]> (8 December 2018).
Ker, N. R. (ed.) 1976. The Winchester Malory: A Facsimile. London: OUP.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Killie, Kristin. 1998. The spread of -ly to present participles. In Advances in English Historical Linguistics (1996), Jacek Fisiak & Marcin Krygier (eds), 119–134. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2000. Stative Adverbs in English: A Study of Adverbial Productivity and Orientation. PhD dissertation, the University of Tromsø.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kjellmer, Göran. 1984. Why great: greatly but not big: *bigly: On the formation of English adverbs in -ly. Studia Linguistica 38: 1–19. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Middle English Dictionary (MED). <[URL]> (16 February 2019).
Nevalainen, Terttu. 1994. Aspects of adverbial change in Early Modern English. In Studies in Early Modern English, Dieter Kastovsky (ed.), 243–259. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
The Oxford English Dictionary on CD-ROM. 1989. 2nd edn. John A. Simpson & Edmund S. C. Weiner (eds). Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Quirk, Randolph, Greenbaum, Sidney, Leech, Geoffrey & Svartvik, Jan. 1985. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Raumolin-Brunberg, Helena & Nevalainen, Terttu. 1994. Social conditioning and diachronic language change. In Studies in Early Modern English, Dieter Kastovsky (ed.), 325–338. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Rowling, J. K. 2000. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Swan, Toril. 1991. Adverbial shifts: Evidence from Norwegian and English. In Historical English Syntax, Dieter Kastovsky (ed.), 409–438. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1997. From manner to subject modification: Adverbialization in English. Nordic Journal of Linguistics 20: 179–195. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2003. Present participles in the history of English and Norwegian. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 104: 179–195.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue