In:Learner Corpora and Language Teaching
Edited by Sandra Götz and Joybrato Mukherjee
[Studies in Corpus Linguistics 92] 2019
► pp. 191–217
English intonation of advanced learners
A contrastive interlanguage analysis
Published online: 6 May 2019
https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.92.10pug
https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.92.10pug
Abstract
Adopting a corpus-based approach within the autosegmental-framework, this paper reports on a study on L2 learners’ intonational deviances of edge tones within intonational units in spontaneous speech in monologues and dialogues derived from a “Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis” (CIA) (cf. Granger 1996, 2015). The analysis reveals that German, Spanish, and British speakers of English deviate from each other in their intonational phrasing and pitch heights in utterance-final and -medial position. The learners break their utterances into considerably more intonation phrases (IP) and intermediate phrases (ip) than native-speakers. While the British native-speakers (n = 10) mainly stick to the usage of falls within IPs and ips, the German learners (n = 10) frequently use rising tones and the Spanish learners (n = 10) frequently use falling tones.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Prosody and learner corpus linguistics
- 2.1The form of intonation
- 2.2Previous research on L2 prosody
- 3.Methodology
- 3.1Corpus data
- 3.2The learner profiles
- 3.3Linguistic and non-linguistic variables
- 3.4Prosodic annotation of the corpora
- 3.5Statistical tests
- 4.Results
- 5.Conclusion
Acknowledgements Notes References Appendix
References (94)
Aguilar, Lourdes, de-la-Mota, Carme & Prieto, Pilar. 2015. Sp_ToBI. Training material: Boundary tones. <[URL]> (20 August 2015).
Altenberg, Bengt. 1987. Prosodic Patterns in Spoken English: Studies in the Correlation between Prosody and Grammar for Text-to-speech Conversation. Lund: Lund University Press.
Backman, Nancy. 1979. Intonation errors in second-language pronunciation of eight Spanish-speaking adults learning English. Interlanguage Studies Bulletin 4: 239–265.
Barron, Anne. 2002. Acquisition in Interlanguage Pragmatics: Learning how to Do Things with Words in a Study Abroad Context [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 108]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Beckman, Mary E. & Ayers Elam, Gayle. 1997. Guidelines for ToBI Labelling, version 3. The Ohio State University Research Foundation, Ohio State University.
Beckman, Mary E. & Pierrehumbert, Janet. 1986. Intonational structure in English and Japanese. Phonology Yearbook 3: 255–309.
Bernardini, Silvia. 2004. Corpora in the classroom: an overview and some reflections on future developments. In How to Use Corpora in Language Teaching [Studies in Corpus Linguistics 12], John Sinclair (ed.), 15–36. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Best, Catherine T. 1995. A direct-realist view of cross-language speech perception. In Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Theoretical and Methodological Issues, Winifred Strange (ed.), 171–204. Timonium MD: York Press.
Boersma, Paul & Weenink, David. 2015. Praat: Doing phonetics by computer. (Version: 5.3.69). [Computer Software]. <[URL]> (15 March 2015).
Brand, Christiane & Kämmerer, Susanne. 2006. The Louvain International Database of Spoken English Interlanguage (LINDSEI): Compiling the German component. In Corpus Technology and Language Pedagogy. New Resources, New Tools, New Methods, Sabine Braun, Kurt Kohn & Joybrato Mukherjee (eds), 127–140. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Canepàri, Luciano. 2010. The Pronunciation of English around the World: Geo-Social Applications of the Natural Phonetics & Tonetics Method. Munich: Lincom.
. 2005. A Handbook of Phonetics. Natural Phonetics: Articulatory, Auditory & Functional. Munich: Lincom.
Chafe, Wallace. 1987. Cognitive constraints on information flow. In Coherence and Grounding in Discourse [Typological Studies in Language 11], Russell S. Tomlin (ed.), 21–51. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Cucchiarini, Catia, Strik, Helmer & Boves, Lou. 2002. Quantitative assessment of second language learners’ fluency: Comparisons between read and spontaneous speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 111 (6): 2862–2873.
De Cock, Sylvie. 2004. Preferred sequences of words in NS and NNS speech. Belgian Journal of English Language and Literatures (BELL) New Series 2: 225–246.
Diáz-Campos, Manuel. 2004. Context of learning in the acquisition of Spanish second language phonology. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 26(2): 249–73.
Flege, James E. 1995. Second language speech learning: Theory, findings and problems. In Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Theoretical and Methodological Issues, Winifred Strange (ed.), 233–277. Timonium MD: York Press.
. 1981. Fall-rise intonations in German and English. In Contrastive aspects of English and German, Charles V. J. Russ (ed.), 55–72. Heidelberg: Julius Groos.
Freed, Barbara F. 1995. What makes us think that students who study abroad become fluent? In Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context [Studies in Bilingualism 9], Barbara F. Freed (ed.), 123–148. Philadelphia PA: John Benjamins.
Gabriel, Christoph, Meisenburg, Trudel & Selig, Maria. 2013. Spanisch: Phonetik und Phonologie. Eine Einführung. Tübingen: Narr.
Gilquin, Gaëtanelle, De Cock, Sylvie & Granger, Sylviane (eds). 2010. LINDSEI: Louvain International Database of Spoken English Interlanguage, handbook and CD-ROM. Louvain-la-Neuve: Presses universitaires de Louvain.
Götz, Sandra & Mukherjee Joybrato. 2018. The effect of the study abroad variable in spoken learner language: A pseudo-longitudinal study on spoken German learner English. In Learner Corpus Research: New Perspectives and Applications, Vaclav Brezina & Lynne Flowerdew (eds), 47–65. London: Bloomsbury.
Grabe, Esther. 1998. Comparative Intonational Phonology: English and German. Proceedings of the ESCA Workshop on Intonation: Theory, Models, and Applications. Athens, Greece, 157–160.
Grabe, Esther, Post, Brechtje, Nolan, Francis & Farrar, Kimberley. 2000. Pitch accent realization in four varieties of British English. Journal of Phonetics 28: 161–185.
Granger, Sylviane. 1996. From CA to CIA and back: An integrated approach to computerized bilingual and learner corpora. In Languages in Contrast: Text-Based Cross-Linguistic Studies, Karin Aijmer, Bengt Altenberg & Mats Johansson (eds), 37–51. Lund: Lund University Press.
. 2015. Contrastive interlanguage analysis: A reappraisal. International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 1(1): 7–24.
Granger, Sylviane, Dagneaux Estelle & Meunier, Fanny. 2002. International Corpus of Learner English. Louvain: UCL.
Granger, Sylviane, Dagneaux, Estelle, Meunier, Fanny & Paquot, Magali. (eds). 2009. International Corpus of Learner English, Version 2, handbook + CD-ROM. Louvain-la-Neuve: Presses universitaires de Louvain.
Grice, Martine & Bauman, Stefan. 2007. An introduction to intonation – Functions and models. In Non-Native Prosody – Phonetic Description and Teaching Practice, Jürgen Trouvain & Ulrike Gut (eds), 25–51. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Gries, Stefan T. 2009. Statistics for Linguistics with R. Trends in Linguistics. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Grover, Cynthia, Jamieson, Donald G. & Dobrovolsky, Michael B. 1987. Intonation in English, French and German: Perception and production. Language and Speech 30: 277–295.
Gut, Ulrike. 2010. The LeaP corpus. A phonetically annotated corpus of non-native speech. <[URL]> (10 August 2015).
. 2009. Non-Native Speech: A Corpus-Based Analysis of Phonological and Phonetic Properties of L2 English and German. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
. 2007. Learner corpora in second language prosody research and teaching. In Non-Native Prosody – Phonetic Description and Teaching Practice, Jürgen Trouvain & Ulrike Gut (eds), 145–167. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Gut, Ulrike, Trouvain, Jürgen & Barry, William J. 2007. Bridging research on phonetic descriptions with knowledge from teaching practice – The case of prosody in non-native speech. In Non-Native Prosody, Jürgen Trouvain & Ulrike Gut (eds), 3–21. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Hirschfeld, Ulla & Trouvain, Jürgen. 2007. Teaching prosody in German as foreign language. In Non-Native Prosody – Phonetic Description and Teaching Practice, Jürgen Trouvain & Ulrike Gut (eds), 171–187. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Hirschfeld, Ulla. 2003. Phonologie und Phonetik in Deutsch als Fremdsprache. In Deutsch als Fremdsprache: Wissenschaftsanspruch – Teilbereiche – Bezugsdisziplinen, Claus Altmayer & Roland Forster (eds), 189–233. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Hirst, Daniel, De Looze, Céline, Auran, Cyril, & Bouzon, Caroline. 2010. Aix-MARSEC database. <[URL]> (12 January 2016).
Hothorn, Torsten & Zeileis, Achim. 2015. partykit: A Modular Toolkit for Recursive Partytioning in R. Journal of Machine Learning Research 16: 3905–3909. <[URL]> (12 January 2016).
Hothorn, Torsten, Hornik, Kurt & Zeileis, Achim. 2006. Unbiased recursive partitioning: A conditional inference framework. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 15(3): 651–674.
2002. Intonation in Spanish and the other Ibero-Romance Languages: Overview and Status Quaestionis. In Romance Phonology and Variation [Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 217], Caroline Wiltshire & Joaquim Camps (eds), 101–115. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Jenner, Bryan R. A. 1976. Interlanguage and foreign accent. Interlanguage Studies Bulletin 1: 166–195.
Jilka, Matthias. 2007. Different manifestations and perceptions of foreign accent in intonation. In Non-Native Prosody – Phonetic Description and Teaching Practice, Jürgen Trouvain & Ulrike Gut (eds), 77–96. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
. 2000. The Contribution of Intonation to the Perception of Foreign Accent. PhD dissertation, University of Stuttgart.
Johns, Tim. 1994. From printout to handout: Grammar and vocabulary teaching in the context of data-driven learning. In Perspectives on Pedagogical Grammar, Terence Odlin (ed.), 27–45. Cambridge: CUP.
Keller-Cohen, Deborah. 1979. Systematicity and variation in the non-native child’s acquisition of conversational skills. Language Learning 29: 27–44.
Klein, Wolfgang & Perdue, Clive. 1997. The basic variety (or: Couldn’t natural languages be much simpler?). Second Language Research 13: 301–347.
Labov, William. 1966. The Social Stratification of English in New York City. Washington DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.
Lafford, Barbara A. 2004. The effect of the context of learning on the use of communication strategies by learners of Spanish as a second language. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 26(2): 201–25.
Leech, Geoffrey. 1997. Teaching and language corpora: A convergence. In Teaching and Language Corpora, Anne Wichmann, Steven Fligelstone, Tony McEnery & Gerald Knowles (eds), 1–23. London: Longman.
Li, Aike & Post, Brechtje. 2014. L2 Acquisition of prosodic properties of speech rhythm – Evidence from L1 Mandarin and German Learners of English. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 36(2): 223–255.
Loveday, Leo J. 1982. The Sociolinguistics of Learning and Using a Non-Native Language. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Mehlhorn, Grit. 2007. Individual pronunciation coaching and prosody. In Non-Native Prosody – Phonetic Description and Teaching Practice, Jürgen Trouvain & Ulrike Gut (eds), 211–236. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Mennen, Ineke & de Leeuw, Esther. 2014. Beyond segments: Prosody in SLA. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 36: 183–194.
Mennen, Ineke. 2007. Phonological and phonetic influences in non-native intonation. In Non-Native Prosody – Phonetic Description and Teaching Practice, Jürgen Trouvain & Ulrike Gut (eds), 53–76. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
. 2004. Bi-directional interference in the intonation of Dutch speakers of Greek. Journal of Phonetics 32: 543–563.
Mennen, Ineke, Schaeffler, Felix & Dickie, Catherine. 2014. Second language acquisition of pitch range in German learners of English. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 36: 303–329.
Missaglia, Federica. 2007. Prosodic training for adult Italian learners of German: The Contrastive Prosody Method. In Non-Native Prosody – Phonetic Description and Teaching Practice, Jürgen Trouvain & Ulrike Gut (eds), 237–258. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Mora, Joan C. & Valls-Ferrer, Margalida. 2012. Oral fluency, accuracy, and complexity in formal instruction and study abroad learning contexts. TESOL Quarterly 46(4): 610–41.
Mukherjee, Joybrato. 2001. Form und Funktion prosodisch-syntaktischer Präsentationsstrukturen im gesprochenen Englisch. PhD dissertation, University of Bonn.
Odlin, Terence. 1989. Language transfer: cross-linguistic influence in language learning. Cambridge: CUP.
Pérez-Paredes, Pascual. 2010. The death of the adverb revisited: Attested uses of adverbs in native and non-native comparable corpora of spoken English. In Exploring New Paths in Language Pedagogy. Lexis and Corpus-Based Language Teaching, Maria Moreno Jaén, Fernando Serrano Valverde & Maria Calzada Pérez (eds), 157–172. London: Equinox.
Pickering, Lucy. 2004. The structure and function of intonational paragraphs in native and nonnative speaker instructional discourse. English for Specific Purposes 23: 19–43.
Pierrehumbert, Janet. 1980. The Phonology and Phonetics of English Intonation. PhD dissertation, MIT.
Puga, Karin. In progress. English Prosody of Advanced Learners: A Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis with Language-pedagogical Implications. PhD dissertation, University of Giessen.
Pürschel, Heiner. 1975. Pause und Kadenz: Interferenzerscheinungen bei der englischen Intonation deutscher Sprecher. Tubingen: Max Niemeyer.
R Development Core Team. 2015. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Version 3.2.3 <[URL]> (5 January 2016).
Raith, Joachim. 1986. Prosodie: Englisch als Fremdsprache, Deutsch als Basissprache. Die Neueren Sprachen 85: 478–496.
Ramírez Verdugo, Dolores. 2002. Non-native interlanguage intonation systems: A study based on a computerized corpus of Spanish learners of English. ICAME Journal 26: 115–132.
Rüdiger, Sofia. 2016. Cuppa coffee? Challenges and opportunities of compiling a conversational English corpus in an Expanding Circle setting. In Selected Contributions from the Methods and Linguistic Theories Symposium A Blend of MaLT 2015, Hanna Christ, Daniel Klenovšak, Lukas Sönning & Valentin Werner (eds), 49–71. Bamberg: University of Bamberg Press.
Scuffil, Michael. 1982. Experiments in Comparative Intonation: A Case-Study of English and German. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
Silverman, Kim, Beckman, Mary E., Pitrelli, John F., Ostendorf, Maria, Wightman, Colin, Price, Patti, Pierrehumbert, Janet & Hirschberg, Julia. 1992. ToBI: A standard scheme for labeling prosody. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, Banff, 867–879.
Svartvik, Jan (ed.). 1990. The London Corpus of Spoken English: Description and Research [Lund Studies in English 82]. Lund: Lund University Press.
Towell, Richard. 2002. Relative degrees of fluency. A comparative case study of advanced learners of French. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 40(2): 117–150.
Trofimovich, Pavel & Baker, Wendy. 2007. Learning prosody and fluency characteristics of L2 speech: The effect of experience on child learners’ acquisition of five suprasegmentals. Applied Psycholinguistics 28: 251–276.
van Els, Theo & de Bot, Kees. 1987. The role of intonation in foreign accent. Modern Language journal 71: 147–55.
Willems, Nico. 1982. English Intonation from a Dutch Point of View. Ambach: Intercontinental Graphics.
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
[no author supplied]
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 1 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
