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Published online: 8 March 2024

Table 2.1Three types of temporal adverbials according
to McCoard (1978: 135)46

Table 3.1Contexts for present-tense have-periphrases in Old
and Middle English texts59

Table 4.1Harris’s (1982) four-stage chronology of periphrastic
and simple past tenses in Romance languages68

Table 4.2HAVE-periphrasis and the PT across languages
and dialects77

Table 5.1Late Modern and contemporary English texts
in ARCHER 3.192

Table 5.2Situational characteristics of the selected registers93

Table 5.3Results of Mann-Whitney U tests for rates of PP (vs PT) use for 1750–1799 and 1950–1999106

Table 6.1Linguistic predictors for the PP/PT opposition
in previous multivariate regression studies115

Table 6.2Prediction accuracy and goodness of fit
of the mixed-effects models119

Table 6.3Log-likelihood ratio test results showing significant improvements of fit against the chi-squared distribution119

Table 6.4Logistic regression estimates of the PP (vs. the PT)
for fixed effects in AmE120

Table 6.5Logistic regression estimates of the PP (vs. the PT)
for fixed effects in BrE121

Table 6.6Common communication verbs in eventive PTs
in AmE drama124

Table 6.7Summary of regression modeling results for seven linguistic factors favoring the choice of the PP over PT134

Table 7.1OOB accuracy scores and C-indices of the random forests142

Table 7.2Frequencies of selected −THEN adverbials co-occurring with the PP and PT154

Table 8.1Comparison of morphological features of the past-referring periphrasis in four languages168

Table 8.2Chronology of important changes pertaining to the PPs and PTs in Spanish and English172

Table 8.3Foreign nationals in Argentina in 1895 and 1914
by nationality185