In:Broadening the Spectrum of Corpus Linguistics: New approaches to variability and change
Edited by Susanne Flach and Martin Hilpert
[Studies in Corpus Linguistics 105] 2022
► pp. 41–68
Diachronic learner corpus research
Examining learner language through the lens of time
Published online: 10 November 2022
https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.105.02gil
https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.105.02gil
Abstract
This paper argues for a diachronic approach to the study of learner language and provides a first exploration of the evolution of English as a foreign language over the last twenty-five years, relying on a corpus resource specifically designed for the short-term diachronic analysis of learner English. The paper describes some of the challenges involved in creating such a resource and shows how these challenges have been responded to. It then investigates a number of linguistic features, some of them taken from short-term diachronic research on native English, and highlights certain changes, underlining that these may be the consequence of natural linguistic evolution, but also of other factors characterizing the acquisition of a foreign language.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.The evolution of diachronic linguistics
- 3.A learner corpus for diachronic analysis: ICLE-FR+25
- 4.Diachronic analysis of learner English
- 4.1Keyword analysis
- 4.2Americanization
- 4.3Colloquialization
- 4.4Verbal features
- 4.5Spelling
- 5.Accounting for the observed changes
- 6.Conclusion
Notes References
References (26)
Ädel, Annelie. 2008. Involvement features in writing: Do time and interaction trump register awareness? In Linking up Contrastive and Learner Corpus Research, Gaëtanelle Gilquin, Szilvia Papp & María Belén Díez-Bedmar (eds), 35–53. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Algeo, John. 2006. British or American English? A Handbook of Word and Grammar Patterns. Cambridge: CUP.
Axelsson, Margareta Westergren. 2002. ‘Refined’ or ‘relaxed’ English pronunciation: Usage and attitudes among Swedish university students. In Studies in Mid-Atlantic English, Marko Modiano (ed.), 132–145. Gävle: Högskolan i Gävle.
Collins, Peter (ed.) 2015a. Grammatical Change in English World-Wide [Studies in Corpus Linguistics 67]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
. 2015b. Recent diachronic change in the progressive in Philippine English. In Collins (ed.), 271–296.
Fuchs, Robert & Gut, Ulrike. 2015. An apparent time study of the progressive in Nigerian English. In Collins (ed.), 373–388.
Gilquin, Gaëtanelle. 2018. American and/or British influence on L2 Englishes: Does context tip the scale(s)? In Modeling World Englishes: Assessing the Interplay of Emancipation and Globalization of ESL Varieties [Varieties of English Around the World G61], Sandra C. Deshors (ed.), 187–216. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
. 2021. Hic sunt dracones: Exploring some terra incognita in learner corpus research. In Variation in Time and Space: Observing the World through Corpora, Anna Čermáková & Markéta Malá (eds), 65–86. Berlin: De Gruyter .
Gilquin, Gaëtanelle & Paquot, Magali. 2008. Too chatty: Learner academic writing and register variation. English Text Construction 1(1): 41–61.
Granger, Sylviane. 2008. Learner corpora in foreign language education. In Encyclopedia of Language and Education, Vol. 4: Second and Foreign Language Education, Nelleke van Deusen-Scholl & Nancy H. Hornberger (eds), 337–351. New York NY: Springer.
Granger, Sylviane, Dagneaux, Estelle & Meunier, Fanny. 2002. The International Corpus of Learner English, Version 1. Handbook and CD-ROM. Louvain-la-Neuve: Presses Universitaires de Louvain.
Granger, Sylviane, Gilquin, Gaëtanelle & Meunier, Fanny (eds). 2015. The Cambridge Handbook of Learner Corpus Research. Cambridge: CUP.
Granger, Sylviane & Tyson, Stephanie. 1996. Connector usage in the English essay writing of native and non-native EFL speakers of English. World Englishes 15(1): 17–27.
Hackert, Stephanie & Deuber, Dagmar. 2015. American influence on written Caribbean English: A diachronic analysis of newspaper reportage in the Bahamas and in Trinidad and Tobago. In Collins (ed.), 389–410.
Hundt, Marianne & Mair, Christian. 1999. ‘Agile’ and ‘uptight’ genres: The corpus-based approach to language change in progress. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 4(2): 221–242.
Kytö, Merja. 1996. Manual to the Diachronic Part of the Helsinki Corpus of English Texts: Coding Conventions and Lists of Source Texts (3rd edn). Helsinki: Helsinki University Printing House.
Laitinen, Mikko. 2016. Ongoing changes in English modals: On the developments in ELF. In New Approaches to English Linguistics: Building Bridges [Studies in Language Companion Series 177], Olga Timofeeva, Anne-Christine Gardner, Alpo Honkapohja & Sarah Chevalier (eds), 175–196. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Larsson, Tove. 2012. On spelling behavio(u)r: A corpus-based study of advanced EFL learners’ preferred variety of English. Nordic Journal of English Studies 11(3): 127–154.
Leech, Geoffrey, Hundt, Marianne, Mair, Christian & Smith, Nicholas. 2009. Change in Contemporary English: A Grammatical Study. Cambridge: CUP.
Mair, Christian. 1997. The spread of the going-to-future in written English: A corpus-based investigation into language change in progress. In Language History and Linguistic Modelling. A Festschrift for Jacek Fisiak, Raymond Hickey & Stanislaw Puppel (eds), 1537–1543. Berlin: De Gruyter.
. 2013. The world system of Englishes: Accounting for the transnational importance of mobile and mediated vernaculars. English World-Wide 34(3): 253–278.
Meunier, Fanny. 2015. Developmental patterns in learner corpora. In The Cambridge Handbook of Learner Corpus Research, Sylviane Granger, Gaëtanelle Gilquin & Fanny Meunier (eds), 379–400. Cambridge: CUP.
Paquot, Magali. 2007. EAP Vocabulary in Native English and EFL Learner Writing: A Phraseology-oriented Approach. PhD dissertation, Université catholique de Louvain.
Raumolin-Brunberg, Helena & Nevalainen, Terttu. 2007. Historical sociolinguistics: The Corpus of Early English Correspondence. In Creating and Digitizing Language Corpora, Vol. 2: Diachronic Databases, Joan C. Beal, Karen P. Corrigan & Hermann L. Moisl (eds), 148–171. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Cited by (2)
Cited by two other publications
Gilquin, Gaëtanelle
2024. Lexical use in spoken New Englishes and Learner Englishes. In Constraints on Language Variation and Change in Complex Multilingual Contact Settings [Contact Language Library, 60], ► pp. 120 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 1 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
