Article published In: Study Abroad Research in Second Language Acquisition and International Education
Vol. 3:2 (2018) ► pp.275–309
Foreign language teachers’ intercultural competence and legitimacy during an international teaching experience
Published online: 12 October 2018
https://doi.org/10.1075/sar.16022.bou
https://doi.org/10.1075/sar.16022.bou
Abstract
Given the increase in international mobility opportunities for educators, analyzing how the experience of studying and teaching
abroad benefits teachers is of utmost importance in a globalized educational system. Using (2009). The SAGE handbook of intercultural competence. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. model of intercultural competence (IC), this study explores how a group of recently graduated
Canadian foreign language teachers benefitted from a four-month international teaching experience (ITE). The following questions
guided this investigation: In which ways did the ITE contribute to the participants’ IC development? How did the ITE affect the
participants’ professional identity and sense of legitimacy? Data were collected, triangulated, and interpreted using thematic
content data analysis. This study provides illustrations of the participants’ IC development across all components on Deardorff’s
IC model, showing that properly scaffolded ITEs afforded the participants opportunities to develop their IC. The findings also
show that the ITE of living and teaching abroad positively impacted their professional identity and feeling of legitimacy.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Literature review
- 3.Theoretical framework
- 4.The study
- 4.1Recruitment and selection of participants
- 4.2Preparation of participants and context
- 4.3Focal participants’ profiles
- 5.Research design
- 6.Findings
- 6.1Intercultural competence development
- 6.1.1Attitudes
- 6.1.2Knowledge and comprehension
- 6.1.3Skills
- 6.1.4Outcomes
- 6.2Professional language teacher identity and sense of legitimacy
- 6.1Intercultural competence development
- 7.Discussion
- 8.Conclusion and implications for future research and program design
- Notes
References
References (67)
Bain, J. D., Ballantyne, R., Mills, C., & Lester, N. C. (2002). Reflecting on practice: Student teachers’ perspectives. Flaxton, QLD: Post Pressed.
Beijaard, D., Meijer, P. C., & Verloop, N. (2004). Reconsidering research on teachers’ professional identity. Teaching and Teacher Education, 201, 107–128
Bennett, M. J. (2004). Becoming interculturally competent. In J. Wurzel (Ed.), Toward multiculturalism: A reader in multicultural education (2nd ed.) (pp. 62–77). Newton, MA: Intercultural Resource Corporation.
Bernat, E. (2008). Towards a pedagogy of empowerment: The case of ‘Impostor Syndrome’ among pre-service non-native speaker teachers in TESOL. English Language Teacher Education and Development Journal, 111, 1–8.
Bournot-Trites, M. (2008a). Bénéfices et difficultés reliés à un programme d’échange international. In M. J. Berger & R. Forgette-Giroux (Eds.), Bilan et perspectives – Coopération entre l’Union Européenne et le Canada dans la formation des enseignants et des enseignantes. Ottawa: Édition La Périchole.
(2008b). Vision pour le soutien des acquis linguistiques des enseignants de FSL. Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics. 11(1), 21–39. (Special issue on Current themes and challenges in FSL teacher education).
Braine, G. (2005). History of research on non-native speaker English teachers. In E. Llurda (Ed.), Non-native language teachers: Perceptions, challenges and contributions to the profession (pp. 13–23). New York, NY: Springer.
Byram, M. (1997). Teaching and assessing intercultural communicative competence. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
(2012). Language awareness and (critical) cultural awareness – relationships, comparisons and contrasts. Language Awareness, 211, 5–13.
Canagarajah, A. S. (1999). Interrogating the ‘native speaker fallacy’: Non-linguistic roots, non-pedagogical results. In G. Braine (Ed.), Non-native educators in English language teaching (pp. 77–92). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Council of Europe. (2001). Common European framework of reference for languages: Learning, teaching, assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cushner, K., & Chang, S -C. (2015). Developing intercultural competence through overseas student teaching: Checking our assumptions. Intercultural Education, 26(3), 165–178.
Deardorff, D. K. (2006). Identification and assessment of intercultural competence as a student outcome of internationalization. Journal of Studies in International Education, 10(3), 241–266.
Duff, P., & Uchida, Y. (1997). The negotiation of sociocultural identity in post-secondary EFL classrooms. TESOL Quarterly, 311, 451–486.
Engle, J., & Engle, L. (2002). Neither international nor educative: Study abroad in the time of globalization. In W. Grünzweig & N. Rinehart (Eds.), Rockin’ in red square: Critical approaches to international education in the age of cyberculture (2nd ed., pp. 25–40.) Münster: Lit Verlag.
Ewart, G. (2009). Retention of new teachers in minority French and French immersion programs in Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Education, 32(3), 473–507.
Gee, J. P. (2001). Identity as an analytic lens for research in education. In W. G. Secada (Ed.), Review of research in education (Vol. 251, pp. 99–125). Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association.
Government of Canada (1985a). Official Languages Act. (R.S.C., 1985, c. 31 (4th Supp.). Retrieved from Justice Laws Website: <[URL]>
. (1985b). Canadian Multiculturalism Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. 24 (4th Supp.). Retrieved from Justice Laws Website: <[URL]>
Grimmett, P. P., & Echols, F. (2001). Teacher and administrator shortages in changing times: Avoiding the dilemma of saving the train from hijackers to find there’s no train left! Retrieved from <[URL]>
He, Y., Lundgren, K., & Pynes, P. (2017). Impact of short-term study abroad program: Inservice teachers’ development of intercultural competence and pedagogical beliefs. Teaching and Teacher Education, 661, 147–157.
Hepple, E., Alford, J., Henderson, D., Tangen, D., Hurwood, M., Alwi, A., Hassan Shaari, Z. A., & Alwi, A. (2017). Developing intercultural learning in Australian pre-service teachers through participating in a short term mobility program in Malaysia. Teaching and Teacher Education, 661, 273–281.
Higgins, Ch. & Ponte, E. (2017). Legitimating multilingual teacher identities in the mainstream classroom. The Modern Language Journal, 1011, 15–28.
Holliday, A. (2005). The struggle to teach English as an international language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
IEREST. (2015). Intercultural education resources for Erasmus students and their teachers (IEREST). Koper: Annales University Press.
Ilieva, R. (2010). Non-native English-speaking teachers’ negotiations of program discourses in their construction of professional identities within a TESOL program. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 66(3), 343–369.
Isabelli-García, C. (2006). Study abroad social networks, motivation and attitudes: Implications for second language acquisition. In E. Churchill & M. DuFon (Eds.), Language learners in study abroad contexts (pp. 231–258). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Jackson, J. (2017). Second language teacher identity and study abroad. In G. Barkhuizen (Ed.), Reflections on language teacher identity (pp. 114–119). New York, NY: Routledge.
Jackson, D. S., & Nyoni, F. P. (2012). Reflections on study abroad education: Guidelines on study abroad preparation and process. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 22(2), 201–212.
Johnson, K. E. (2009). Second language teacher education: A sociocultural perspective. New York, NY: Routledge.
Kanno, Y., & Norton, B. (2003). Imagined communities and education possibilities: Introduction. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 2(4), 241–249.
(2012). Authenticity and legitimacy in multilingual SLA. Critical Multilingualism Studies, 11, 107–128.
Larzén-Östermark, E. (2011). Intercultural sojourns as educational experiences: A narrative study of the outcomes of Finnish student teachers’ language-practice periods in Britain. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 55(5), 455–473.
Leutwyler, B., & Lottenbach, S. (2011). Reflection on normality: The benefits of international student exchange for teacher education. In T. Goetz, G. Jaritz, & F. Oser (Eds.), Pains and gains of international mobility in teacher education (pp. 59–77). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
Macfarlane, A., & D. Hart. (2002). Shortages of French as a second language teachers: Views of school districts, faculties of education and ministries of education. Ottawa: Canadian Parents for French.
Marx, H., & Moss, D.. (2011). Please mind the culture gap: Intercultural development during a teacher education study abroad program. Journal of Teacher Education, 62(1), 35–47.
Medina, A. L., Hathaway, J. I., & Pilonieta, P. (2015). How preservice teachers’ study abroad experiences lead to changes in their perceptions of English language learners. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 251, 73–91.
Moussu, L., & Llurda, E. (2008). Non-native English-speaking English language teachers: History and research. Language Teaching, 41(3), 315–348.
Norris, D. (2012). Cultural diversity may be increasing in both Canada and the United States, but important differences remain. Environics Analytics. Retrieved from <[URL]>
Olsen, B. (2008). Introducing teacher identity and this volume. Teacher Education Quarterly, 35(3), 3–6.
Osler, A. (1998). European citizenship and study abroad: Student teachers’ experiences and identities. Cambridge Journal of Education, 28(1), 77–96.
Paige, R. M., Cohen, A. D., Kappler, B., Chi, J. C., & Lassegard, J. P. (2002). Maximizing study abroad: A students’ guide to strategies for language and culture learning and use. Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota University.
Park, J. (2007). Co-construction of nonnative speaker identity in cross-cultural interaction. Applied Linguistics, 28(3), 339–360.
Pavlenko, A. (2003). “I never knew I was a bilingual:” Reimagining teacher identities in TESOL. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 2(4), 251–268.
Pilonieta, P., Medina, A. L., & Hathaway, J. I. (2017). The impact of a study abroad experience on preservice teachers’ dispositions and plans for teaching English language learners. The Teacher Educator, 52(1), 22–38.
Rajagopalan, K. (2005). Non-native speaker teachers of English and their anxieties: Ingredient for an experiment in action research. In E. Llurda (Ed.), Non-native language teachers: Perceptions, challenges and contributions to the profession (pp. 283–303). New York, NY: Springer.
Roller, K. M. (2015). Pre-service teachers and study abroad: A reflective, experiential sojourn to increase intercultural competence and translate the experience into culturally relevant pedagogy. In P. C. Layne & P. Lake (Eds.), Global innovation of teaching and learning in higher education, professional learning and development in schools and higher education, Vol. 111 (pp. 107–128). Dordrecht: Springer.
Samuel, C. (2017). Non-native speakers of the language of instruction: Self-perceptions of teaching ability. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 73(3), 393–417.
Sercu, L. (2006). The foreign language and intercultural competence teacher: The acquisition of a new professional identity. Intercultural Education, 17(1), 55–72.
Spitzberg, B. H., & Chagnon, G. (2009). Conceptualizing intercultural communication competence. In D. K. Deardorff (Ed.), The SAGE handbook of intercultural competence (pp. 2–52). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Swanson, P. (2012). Second/foreign language teacher efficacy and its relationship to professional attrition. Canadian Modern Language Review, 68(1), 78–101.
Tangen, D., Henderson, D., Alford, J., Hepple, E., Alwi, A., Abu Hassan Shaari, Z., & Alwi, A. (2017). Shaping global teacher identity in a short-term mobility programme. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 45(1), 23–38.
Varghese, M., Morgan, B., Johnston, B., & Johnson, K. A. (2005). Theorizing language teacher identity: Three perspectives and beyond. Journal of Language, Identity and Education, 4(1), 21–44.
Varghese, M., Motha, S., Park, G., Reeves, J., & Trent, J. (2016). In this Issue. TESOL Quarterly. Special issue: Language teacher identity in (multi)lingual educational contexts, 50(3), 549–550.
Veilleux, I., & Bournot-Trites, M. (2005). Standards for the language competence of French immersion teachers: Is there a danger of erosion? Canadian Journal of Education, 28(3), 489–510.
Vogt, K. (2016). Teaching practice abroad for developing intercultural competence in foreign language teachers. Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 19(2), 85–106.
Wernicke, M. (2010). Study abroad as professional development for FSL teachers. Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 13(1), 4–18.
Wernicke-Heinrichs, M.. (2013). Authenticating ‘non-native speaker teacher’ professional identity in French as a second language (FSL) education (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.
Willard-Holt, C. (2001). The impact of a short-term international experience for preservice teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17(4), 505–517.
Cited by (3)
Cited by three other publications
Qiu, Lu, Wei Feng & Chia-Huei Wu
Vogt, Karin
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 1 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
