In:Arabic in Contact
Edited by Stefano Manfredi and Mauro Tosco
[Studies in Arabic Linguistics 6] 2018
► pp. 233–250
Get fulltext
Temporal adverbs of contrast in the Basic Variety of Arabic
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at rights@benjamins.nl.
Published online: 10 July 2018
https://doi.org/10.1075/sal.6.12ver
https://doi.org/10.1075/sal.6.12ver
Abstract
This paper applies the model of the Basic Variety developed by Klein & Perdue
(1997) and elaborated by Benazzo (2003) to two basic forms of
communication in Arabic, Pidgin Madame and Gulf Pidgin Arabic. Benazzo’s analysis of the development of temporal adverbs of
contrast (resultative already; continuative still) in the Basic
Variety of German, French and English leads to certain predictions about the sequentiality of their acquisition. In the Basic
Variety of Arabic the acquisition of these adverbs develops in a different manner. Although their source language does not
contain a resultative adverb, both varieties feature such an adverb (kalas). This contradicts
Benazzo’s findings, as does the relatively frequent use of a continuative particle (bād) at a
very early stage.
Keywords: Basic Variety, Arabic, pidgins, Pidgin Madame, Gulf Pidgin Arabic, adverbs of contrast
Article outline
- 1.Basic communication
- 2.Expressing temporality in the basic variety
- 3.Temporal adverbs in Basic Varieties of Arabic
- 4.Conclusion
Abbreviations Notes Bibliographical references
References (30)
Al-Moaily, M. (2008). A data-based description of Urdu Pidgin Arabic. M.A. thesis, University of Newcastle.
Baker, P. (1995). Motivation in creole genesis. In P. Baker (ed.), From contact to creole and beyond (pp.3–15). London: University of Westminster Press.
Bakir, M. J. (2010). Notes on the verbal system of Gulf Pidgin
Arabic. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 25, 201–228.
Becker, A. & Veenstra, T. (2003). The survival of inflectional morphology in French-related creoles. Second Language Acquisition 25, 283–306.
Benazzo, S. (2003). The interaction between the development of verb morphology and the acquisition of temporal adverbs of
contrast: A longitudinal study in French, English and German L2. In C. Dimroth & M. Starren (eds.), Information structure, linguistic structure and the dynamics of language acquisition (pp.187–210). Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
(2009). The emergence of temporality: From restricted linguistic systems to early human language. In R. Botha & H. de Swart (eds.), Language evolution: The view from restricted linguistic systems (pp.21–57). Utrecht: LOT.
Benazzo, S. and Starren, M. (2007). L’émergence de moyens grammaticaux pour exprimer les relations temporelles en L2. Acquisition et interaction en langue étrangère 25, 129–157.
Blackshire-Belay, C. (1991). Language contact: Verb morphology in German of foreign workers. Tübingen: G. Narr.
Clements, J. C. (2003). The tense-aspect systems in pidgins and naturalistically learned L2. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 25, 245–281.
Dench, A. (1998). Pidgin Ngarluma: An indigenous contact language in North Western Australia. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 13, 1–61.
Deumert, A. (2009). Namibian Kiche Duits: The making (and decline) of a Neo-African
language. Journal of Germanic Linguistics 21, 349–417.
Drechsel, E. J. (2014). Language contact in the early colonial Pacific: Maritime Polynesian Pidgin before Pidgin English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dutton, T. (1985). Police Motu: Iena sivarai (Its story). Port Moresby: The University of Papua New Guinea Press.
Jahr, E. H. (1996). On the pidgin status of Russenorsk. In E. H. Jahr & I. Broch (eds.), Language contact in the Arctic: Northern pidgins and contact languages (pp.107–122). Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Klein, W. & Perdue, C. (1997). The Basic Variety (or: Couldn’t natural languages be much simpler?). Second Language Research 13, 301–347.
Liem, N. D. (1979). Cases and verbs in Pidgin French in Vietnam (Tay Boi). In P. Mühlhäusler et al. (eds.), Papers in Pidgin and Creole Linguistics 2 (pp.217–246). Canberra: Australian National University.
Mühlhäusler, P. (1997). Pidgin and creole linguistics. 2nd ed. London: University of Westminster Press.
Naess, U. G. (2008). ‘Gulf Pidgin Arabic’: Individual strategies or a structured variety? A study of some features of the linguistic
behaviour of Asian migrants in the Gulf countries. M.A. thesis, University of Oslo.
Owens, J. (2014). The morphologization of an Arabic creole. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 29, 232–298.
Perdue, C., Benazzo, S. & Giuliano, P. (2002). When finiteness gets marked: The relation between morpho-syntactic development and use of scopal items in
adult language acquisition. Linguistics 40, 849–890.
Roberge, P. T. (2009). The creation of pidgins as a possible window on language evolution. In R. Botha & H. de Swart (eds.), Language evolution: The view from restricted linguistic systems (pp.101–137). Utrecht: LOT.
Starren, M. (2006). Temporal adverbials and early tense and aspect markers in
the acquisition of Dutch. In V. van Geenhoven (ed.), Semantics of acquisition (pp.219–244). Berlin: Springer.
Versteegh, K. (2014). Pidgin verbs: Imperatives or infinitives?. In I. Buchstaller, A. Holmberg & M. Almoaily (eds.), Pidgins and creoles beyond Africa-Europe encounters (pp.141–169). Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Winford, D. (2006). Reduced syntax in (prototypical) pidgins. In L. Progovac, K. Paesani, E. Casielles, and E. Barton (eds.), The syntax of non-sententials (pp.283–307). Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 1 december 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.