Article published In: Researching Occitan in the 21st Century: Un dialòg interdisciplinari
Edited by Marc Olivier and Anna Paradis
[Revue Romane 60:1] 2025
► pp. 5–29
“Mais ça existe encore ça, l’occitan ?”
Exploring careers among new speakers of Occitan in the context of Calandreta immersion schools
Published online: 25 November 2025
https://doi.org/10.1075/rro.25005.and
https://doi.org/10.1075/rro.25005.and
Abstract
This paper investigates the transmission of the Occitan language among new speakers within a social movement
framework, emphasising the importance of language activist careers in the language policy aiming to revitalise Occitan
transmission. Focusing on Calandreta immersion schools in the Occitanie region, the study analyses the trajectories of individuals
who have adopted Occitan in their active linguistic repertoire, exploring how their political and professional commitments shape
their engagement with the language. Through qualitative interviews, it highlights the evolving nature of language commitment, and
the challenges faced by new speakers in navigating their identities within the French monolingual social context. Ultimately, the
research underscores the significance of institutional support and sociopolitical activism in fostering Occitan’s linguistic and
cultural vitality amidst ongoing sociolinguistic changes.
Keywords: Occitan, language activism, career, heritage, grassroots language policy
Article outline
- Introduction
- 1.Context
- Occitan “new” speakers today
- Occitanism as a social movement
- 2.Theoretical and methodological views
- On the heuristic concept of career
- Data and methodology
- 3.Analysis
- Commitment
- Language awareness
- Language learning
- Performing Occitan speaker social identity
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Notes
References
References (40)
Alén Garabato, C., & H. Boyer (2022): Les
dénominations en langue occitane de produits agroalimentaires : quels ressorts ethnosociolinguistiques, quels enjeux
glottopolitiques ? Langage et
société, 175,1, pp. 77–95.
Andreo Raynaud, G., M-C. Bertrand & K. Petit-Cahill (2025): Immersion
et revitalisation de l’occitan, du yiddish et de l’irlandais : nouveaux enjeux et
transformations. Langage et
société, 1851.
Atkinson, D. (2002): Toward
a sociocognitive approach to second Language acquisition. The Modern Language
Journal, 861, pp. 525–545.
Blommaert, J., & J. Verschueren (1992): The
role of language in European nationalist
ideologies. Pragmatics 2,3, pp. 355–37.
Bourdieu, P. (1982): Ce
que parler veut dire : L’économie des échanges
linguistiques. Fayard, Paris.
(2009): Réseau
vs Communauté. Enseignement et normalisation d’une langue
minoritaire-minorée, in Sauzet, P. & F. Pic (éd.): Politique
linguistique et enseignement des « langues de
France », L’Harmattan, Paris, pp.19–34.
Brummert, U. (1988): De
la petite patrie à l’Internationale : langue, culture et nation occitanes dans la pensée de Jean
Jaurès. Heresis, 101, p. 57–81.
Costa, J. (2015): New
speakers, new language: On being a legitimate speaker of a minority language in
Provence. International Journal of the Sociology of
Language, 2311, pp. 127–145.
Costa, J. & S. Brennan (2021): L’Occitanie
sans sa langue. Une approche praxématique de la relation langue/territoire. Langage et
société,174,3, pp. 9–31.
Dompmartin-Normand, C. (2002): Collégiens
issus de Calandreta: Quelles représentations de l’occitan? Langage et
Société, 1011, pp. 35–54.
Fillieule, O. (2001): Propositions
pour une analyse processuelle de l’engagement individuel Post scriptum. Revue française de
science
politique, 51,1, pp.199–215.
Fishman, J. A. (1991): Reversing
Language Shift: Theorical and Empirical Foundations of Assistance to Threatened
Languages. Multilingual Matters Ltd, Adelaïde.
Hammel, E. (2007): De
Neo-locutors dins l’enquèsta INED-INSEE de 1999, in Czernilofsky, B. et al. (éd.): El
discurs sociolingüístic actual català i occità | Lo discors sociolingüistic actual catalan e
Occitan, Praesens, Vienne, pp. 219–238.
Héran, F., A. Filhon & C. Deprez (2002): La
dynamique des langues en France au fil du XXe siècle. Population &
Sociétés, 3761, pp. 1–4.
Hornsby, M. (2015): Revitalizing
Minority Languages: New Speakers of Breton, Yiddish and Lemko. Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Jaffe, A. (2015): Defining
the new speaker: Theoretical perspectives and learner trajectories. International Journal of
the Sociology of
Language, 2311, pp. 21–44.
Jeanjean, H. (1992): De
l’utopie au pragmatisme ? Le mouvement occitan, 1976–1990. Libres del Trabucaire, Perpignan.
Lambelet, A. (2009): L’engagement
distancié, in O. Fillieule, L. Mathieu & C. Péchu: Dictionnaire
des mouvements sociaux, Presses de Sciences Po [electronic
version].
Martel, P. (2013): L’occitan, in Kremnitz, G. et al. (éd.): Histoire
sociale des langues de France. Presses universitaires de Rennes, Rennes, pp. 511–532.
Office Public De La Langue
Occitane. (2020): Résultats de l’enquête sociolinguistique relative à la
pratique et aux représentations de la langue occitane en Nouvelle-Aquitaine, en Occitanie et au Val
d’Aran [Online].
Ortega, A., Urla, J., Amorrortu, E., Goirigolzarri, J., & B. Uranga (2015): Linguistic
identity among new speakers of Basque. International Journal of the Sociology of
Language, 2311, pp. 85–105.
O’Rourke, B., & A. Dayán-Fernández (2024): Language
revitalization through a social movement lens: Grassroots Galician language activism. Language
Policy, 23,3, pp. 233–255.
O’Rourke, B., & J. Pujolar (2013): From
Native Speakers to “New Speakers” — Problematizing Nativeness in Language Revitalization
Contexts. Histoire Épistémologie
Langage, 35,2, pp. 47–67.
Puigdevall, M., Walsh, J., Amorrortu, E. & A. Ortega (2018): “I’ll
be one of them”: Linguistic mudes and new speakers in three minority language contexts. Journal
of Multilingual and Multicultural
Development, 39,5, pp 445–457.
Pujolar, J., & M. Puigdevall. (2015): Linguistic
mudes: How to become a new speaker in Catalonia. International Journal of the Sociology of
Language, 2311, pp. 167–187.
Shandler, J. (2006): Adventures
in Yiddishland: Postvernacular Language & Culture. University of California Press, Berkeley & Los Angeles.
Sommier, I. (2009): Contre-mouvement, in O. Fillieule, L. Mathieu & C. Péchu: Dictionnaire
des mouvements sociaux, Presses de Sciences Po [electronic
version].
Tabouret-Keller, A. (1997): Le
nom des langues I. Les enjeux de la nomination des
langues. Peeters, Louvain-la-Neuve.
