In:Methods in Study Abroad Research: Past, present, and future
Edited by Carmen Pérez-Vidal and Cristina Sanz
[Research Methods in Applied Linguistics 4] 2023
► pp. 345–372
Chapter 14Researching study abroad
Tracking social networks
Published online: 3 February 2023
https://doi.org/10.1075/rmal.4.14mit
https://doi.org/10.1075/rmal.4.14mit
Abstract
This chapter introduces the concept of the social network (SN) and its origins in social sciences as a means of linking identity and social practice. The concept has been adopted primarily by study abroad (SA) researchers interested in explaining variation in SA social integration and related language learning outcomes. The chapter reviews different empirical approaches adopted to study sojourner SNs, including case studies, mathematical modelling and graphic visualisation. It is argued that SN research has enriched our understanding of sojourners’ evolving social and linguistic practices, but that its contribution to understanding variation in linguistic development remains underdeveloped. A set of principles is proposed to guide future research, supporting closer links between the study of SNs and sojourner language practices.
Article outline
- Introduction: What is a social network?
- Empirical research on social networks in SA: Methods and findings
- Foundational study and theoretical motivations
- Case studies of egocentric networks
- Quantitative studies
- Contributions of SNA to understanding language development through SA
- Limitations of social networks research
- Guiding principles for SN research
- Conclusion and suggestions for future studies
- A note on ethical practice in SN/SA research
Notes References
References (62)
Alhajj, R., & Rokne, J. (Eds.). (2018). Encyclopedia of social network analysis and mining. Springer Nature.
Arvidsson, K. (2019). Quantity of target language contact in study abroad and knowledge of multiword expressions: A usage-based approach to L2 development. Study Abroad Research in Second Language Acquisition and International Education, 4(2), 145–167.
Arvidsson, K., Forsberg Lundell, F., & Bartning, I. (2019). Réseaux sociaux et développement linguistique: Une étude de cas en français L2. Language, Interaction and Acquisition, 10(2), 255–288.
Baker-Smemoe, W., Dewey, D. P., Bown, J., & Martinsen, R. A. (2014). Variables affecting L2 gains during study abroad. Foreign Language Annals, 47(3), 464–486.
Bastian, M., Heymann, S., Jacomy, M. (2009). Gephi: An open source software for exploring and manipulating networks. International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media. [URL]
Baten, K. (2020). The role of social networks and intense friendships in study abroad students’ L2 use and speaking development: ERASMUS learners’ perspectives. Study Abroad Research in Second Language Acquisition and International Education, 5(1), 15–44.
Beaven, A., & Spencer-Oatey, H. (2016). Cultural adaptation in different facets of life and the impact of language: A case study of personal adjustment patterns during study abroad. Language and Intercultural Communication, 16(3), 349–367.
Borgatti, S. P., Everett, M. G., & Freeman, L. C. (2002). Ucinet 6 for Windows: Software for social network analysis. Analytic Technologies.
Brecht, R. D., & Robinson, J. L. (1993). Qualitative analysis of second language acquisition in study abroad: The ACTR/NFLC project. NFLC Occasional Papers. National Foreign Language Center.
Breiner-Sanders, K. E., Lowe, P., Miles, J., & Swender, E. (2000). ACTFL proficiency guidelines – speaking. Foreign Language Annals, 33(1), 13–18.
British Association for Applied Linguistics (2021). Recommendations on good practice in applied linguistics (4th ed.). Retrieved on 30 June 2022 from [URL]
Bryfonski, L., & Mackey, A. (2018). Interaction and corrective feedback in study abroad. In C. Sanz (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of study abroad research and practice (pp. 374–384). Routledge.
Carhill-Poza, A., & Kurata, N. (Eds.). (2021). Social networks in language learning and language teaching. Bloomsbury Academic.
Coleman, J. A. (2015). Social circles during residence abroad: What students do, and who with. In R. Mitchell, N. Tracy-Ventura, & K. McManus (Eds.), Social interaction, identity and language learning during residence abroad (Eurosla Momgraph Series 4) (pp. 33–52). Eurosla.
Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). NEOPI-R professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
DeKeyser, R. (2014). Research on language development during study abroad: Methodological considerations and future perspectives. In C. Pérez-Vidal (Ed.), Language acquisition in study abroad and formal acquisition contexts (pp. 313–326). John Benjamins.
Dewey, D. P. (2017). Measuring social interaction during study abroad: Quantitative methods and challenges. System, 71, 49–59.
Dewey, D. P., Belnap, R. K., & Hillstrom, R. (2013). Social network development, language use, and language acquisition during study abroad: Arabic language learners’ perspectives. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 22(1), 84–110.
Dewey, D. P., Bown, J., & Eggett, D. (2012). Japanese language proficiency, social networking, and language use during study abroad: Learners’ perspectives. Canadian Modern Language Review, 68(2), 111–137.
Duff, P. A. (2019). Social dimensions and processes in second language acquisition: Multilingual socialization in transnational contexts. The Modern Language Journal, 103(S1), 6–22.
Freed, B. F. (1995). Language learning and study abroad. In B. F. Freed (Ed.), Second language acquisition in a study abroad context (pp. 3–34). John Benjamins.
Freed, B. F., Dewey, D. P., Segalowitz, N., & Halter, R. (2004). The language contact profile. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 26, 349–356.
Gautier, R. (2016). Développement des réseaux personnels et de la compétence sociolinguistique lors de séjours d’étude en France d’apprenants de FLE américans et chinois (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Université Grenoble Alpes.
(2019). Understanding socialization and integration through social network analysis: American and Chinese students during a stay abroad. In M. Howard (Ed.), Study abroad, second language acquisition and interculturality (pp. 207–236). Multilingual Matters.
Gautier, R., & Chevrot, J.-P. (2015). Acquisition of sociolinguistic variation in a study abroad context: The impact of social network. In R. Mitchell, N. Tracy-Ventura, & K. McManus (Eds.), Social interaction, identity and language learning during residence abroad (Eurosla Monograph Series 4) (pp. 169–184). Eurosla.
Hammer, M. R., Bennett, M. J., & Wiseman, R. (2003). Measuring intercultural sensitivity: The Intercultural Development Inventory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27, 421–443.
Hasegawa, A. (2019). The social lives of study abroad: Understanding second language learners’ experiences through social network analysis and conversation analysis. New York/ London: Routledge.
Housen, A., Kuiken, F., & Vedder, I. (Eds.). (2012). Dimensions of L2 performance and proficiency: Complexity, accuracy and fluency in SLA. John Benjamins.
Huisman, M., & Van Duijn, M. A. J. (2005). Software for social network analysis. In P. J. Carrington, J. Scott, & S. Wasserman (Eds.), Models and methods in social network analysis (pp. 270–316). Cambridge University Press.
Isabelli-García, C. (2006). Study abroad social networks, motivation and attitudes: Implications for second language acquisition. In M. A. DuFon & E. Churchill (Eds.), Language learners in study abroad contexts. Multilingual Matters.
Isabelli-García, C., Bown, J., Plews, J. L., & Dewey, D. P. (2018). Language learning and study abroad. Language Teaching, 51(4), 439–484.
Kadushin, C. (2012). Understanding social networks: Theories, concepts and findings. Oxford University Press.
Kimura, D. (2019). “Seriously, I came here to study English”: A narrative case study of a Japanese exchange student in Thailand. Study Abroad Research in Second Language Acquisition and International Education, 4(1), 70–95.
Kinginger, C. (2017). Language socialization in study abroad. In P. A. Duff & S. May (Eds.), Encyclopedia of language and education (pp. 227–238). Springer.
Kinginger, C., Lee, S.-H., Wu, Q., & Tan, D. (2016). Contextualized language practices as sites for learning: Mealtime talk in short-term Chinese homestays. Applied Linguistics, 37(5), 716–740.
Kurata, N. (2011). Foreign language learning and use: Interaction in informal social networks. Continuum.
Lam, T., & Bengo, P. (2003). A comparison of three retrospective self-reporting methods of measuring change in instructional practice. The American Journal of Evaluation, 24(1), 65–80.
Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge University Press.
Marsden, E., Mackey, A., & Plonsky, L. (2016). The IRIS Repository: Advancing research practice and methodology. In A. Mackey & E. Marsden (Eds.), Advancing methodology and practice: The IRIS repository of instruments for research into second languages (pp. 1–21). Routledge.
Marsden, P. V. (2005). Recent developments in network measurement. In P. J. Carrington, J. Scott, & S. Wasserman (Eds.), Models and methods in social network analysis (pp. 8–30). Cambridge University Press.
Martinsen, R. A., Baker, W., Dewey, D. P., Bown, J., & Johnson, C. (2010). Exploring diverse settings for language acquisition and use: Comparing study abroad, service learning abroad, and foreign language housing. Applied Language Learning, 20(1–2), 45–69.
McManus, K. (2019). Relationships between social networks and language development during study abroad. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 32(3), 270–284.
Mitchell, R., Tracy-Ventura, N., & McManus, K. (2017). Anglophone students abroad: Identity, social relationships and language learning. Routledge.
Montgomery, C., & McDowell, L. (2009). Social networks and the international student experience: An international community of practice? Journal of Studies in International Education, 13(4), 455–466.
Moreno Bruna, A. M., & Goethals, P. (2020). Intercultural guidance abroad: Impact on social network formation and L2 self-perceived development. Study Abroad Research in Second Language Acquisition and International Education, 5(1), 45–68.
Nam, M. (2018). Study-abroad experiences of two South Korean undergraduate students in an English-speaking and a non-English-speaking country. Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 27(3), 177–185.
Paradowski, M. B., Jarynowski, A., Czopek, K., & Jelińska, M. (2021). Peer interactions and second language learning: The contributions of social network analysis in study abroad vs at-home environments. In R. Mitchell & H. Tyne (Eds.), Language, mobility and study abroad in the contemporary European context. Routledge.
Sanz, C., & Morales-Front, A. (Eds.). (2018). The Routledge handbook of study abroad research and practice. Routledge.
Sauer, L., & Ellis, R. (2019). The social lives of adolescent study abroad learners and their L2 development. The Modern Language Journal, 103(4), 739–762.
Schartner, A. (2016). ‘You cannot talk with all of the strangers in a pub’: A longitudinal case study of international postgraduate students’ social ties at a British university. Higher Education, 69(2), 225–241.
Sharma, D. (2017). Scalar effects of social networks on language variation. Language Variation and Change, 29(3), 393–418.
Shively, R. L. (2018). Language socialisation during study abroad: Researching social interaction outside the classroom. In S. Coffey & U. Wingate (Eds.), New directions for research in foreign language education (pp 97–112). Routledge.
Taguchi, N. (2016). Contexts and pragmatics learning: Problems and opportunities of the study abroad research. Language Teaching, 51(1), 124–137.
Tullock, B. (2018). Identity and study abroad. In C. Sanz & A. Morales-Front (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of study abroad research and practice (pp. 262–274). Routledge.
Cited by (3)
Cited by three other publications
Carnine, Julia & Cristina Pérez Calleja
Chen, Rainbow Tsai-Hung
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 30 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
