Acknowledgments

We are truly grateful to the friends and colleagues who provided us with feedback on various versions of the book. In particular, we would like to thank Ali Al-Hoorie, Morten Christiansen, Irina Elgort, Marijana Macis, Rosa Manchón, Stewart McCauley, Norbert Schmitt, Paweł Szudarski, and the team of the Language Testing Research Group, Innsbruck. We would also like to thank our families for their continuous love and support: Ayça, Liubov, Yuri and Olga, Christiane, Zakiah, and Siraj.