Part 1.Corpus Linguistics for language learning research

Global considerations

Chapter 1.Key concepts

1.1Frequency, contrast, and representativeness

1.2Corpus linguistics: Not just word frequency

1.3Corpus linguistics and language learning research: L2 learning and teaching

1.4Summary

Chapter 2.The basics: Key functions of using a corpus

2.1Corpus functions and tools: Word and phrase lists

2.1.1Creating word and phrase lists

2.1.2Comparing word and phrase lists

2.1.3Comparing word and phrase lists: Normalisation

2.1.4Lists of multi-word units

2.2Corpus functions and tools: Using concordances

2.3Corpus functions and tools: Keywords

2.4Summary

Chapter 3.Corpus types and research perspectives

3.1Types of learner corpora

3.1.1Examples of learner corpora

3.1.2Corpus metadata

3.2A contrastive perspective

3.2.1Background

3.2.2Examples of contrastive studies

3.2.3Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis (CIA) revisited

3.3Developmental perspective

3.3.1Background

3.3.2Examples of developmental studies

3.4Corpus-pedagogy and language learning

3.5Designing and building a learner corpus

3.5.1Creating a design matrix

3.5.2Building a corpus: An example of the ACE Corpus

3.5.3Collection, transcription and annotation

3.6Summary

Part 2.Units of analysis in learner language research

Chapter 4.Researching word classes using corpora and POS tagging

4.1Early learner corpus research: The International Corpus of Learner English

4.2Part-of-speech (POS) tagging, tagsets and learner corpora

4.2.1Examples of POS tagging

4.2.2Understanding different tagsets

4.2.3Trialling POS tagging

4.2.4Learner errors and tagging errors

4.3Researching word classes

4.3.1Looking at word classes: Applying a contrastive perspective

4.3.2Study 1. An analysis of the pronoun I in two corpora

4.3.3Study 2. Pronouns in subject positions and transfer effects

4.4How to POS tag a corpus

4.4.1Tagging a corpus using TagAnt

4.4.2Tagging a corpus using Sketch Engine

4.5Summary

Chapter 5.Researching phraseology: Collocations

5.1A phraseological approach in learner corpus research

5.2Introducing collocation analysis

5.3Collocation analysis: Representative studies

5.3.1Durrant & Schmitt (2009): Using frequency and collocation strength measures

5.3.2Kreyer (2021): Studying collocations using a longitudinal research design

5.3.3Wang (2016): Delexical verbs + noun collocations in L1 and L2 corpora

5.4Summary

Chapter 6.Researching grammatical patterning

6.1Colligation

6.1.1Colligation in learner language: Signalling nouns

6.1.2Colligation in EFL textbooks: Exploring priming effects in L2 input

6.2Collostructions

6.3Verb-argument constructions in learner language

6.4Summary

Part 3.Researching corpus applications in language learning and teaching

Chapter 7.Researching indirect uses of corpora for language teaching
and learning

7.1Corpora and dictionaries

7.2Corpora and grammars

7.2.1Study 1: There is, there’s and there are: English Grammar Today (Carter et al., 2011)

7.2.2Study 2 linking adverbs and register: The Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English (Biber et al., 1999)

7.2.3Study 3. Investigating learner patterns within a register: Academic writing

7.3Corpus-based tools to analyse learner writing and texts

7.3.1Compleat Lexical Tutor

7.3.2English Profile frameworks: English Vocabulary Profile and English Grammar Profile

7.3.3Text Inspector

7.3.4Tool for the Automatic Analysis of Lexical Sophistication (TAALES)

7.4Exploring the aboutness of texts and corpora: Keyword analysis

7.5Summary

Chapter 8.Researching direct uses of corpora for language teaching
and learning

8.1What does DDL look like in practice?

8.2How has DDL been researched?

8.3Research into DDL through meta-analysis and meta-studies

8.4Towards an enhanced research agenda for DDL: Linking with SLA

8.4.1DDL and its associative links to constructivism

8.4.2DDL and links to sociocultural theory

8.4.3DDL and SLA

8.5Summary

Coda

Corpus linguistics, SLA studies and learner corpus research: Some challenges

Corpora in language learning and teaching

Corpus linguistics and ethical research practice

The future

References

Index

Table of contents

Part 1.Corpus Linguistics for language learning research

Part 2.Units of analysis in learner language research

Part 3.Researching corpus applications in language learning and teaching