Cover not available

In:Research Methods in Cognitive Translation and Interpreting Studies
Edited by Ana María Rojo López and Ricardo Muñoz Martín
[Research Methods in Applied Linguistics 10] 2025
► pp. 235–255

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload Book PDF
EPUB logo with download linkDownload Book EPUB
authorization required

Chapter 10
Dynamic eyetracking

 | University of Łódź
 | North-West University | Macquarie University
Published online: 1 April 2025
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/rmal.10.10kor
Abstract
Dynamic eyetracking, leveraging mobile and wearable devices like eyetracking glasses, facilitates the collection of eye movement data in real-world contexts, allowing participants to move freely and interact with their environment. This chapter explores dynamic eyetracking as a research method within translation and interpreting studies. While dynamic eyetrackers offer significant advantages for studies necessitating naturalistic settings, such as those in multilingual mediated tasks, they also present challenges, including lower sampling frequencies, extensive manual data processing, and potential data quality issues. Ethical considerations, such as participant privacy and data anonymization, are paramount. Despite these challenges, dynamic eyetracking provides valuable insights into visual attention and cognitive processes, depending on the research question and data requirements.
Article outline
  • 1.The method and key features in comparison to screen eyetracking
    • 1.1Dynamic eyetracking in CTIS
    • 1.2Ethical issues in dynamic eyetracking
  • 2.Conceptual aspects
    • 2.1Eyetracking measurement and constructs
    • 2.2Relationship between measures and variables
  • 3.Implementation
    • 3.1Mobile eyetrackers for dynamic eyetracking
    • 3.2Data collection and analysis in dynamic eyetracking
  • 4.Closing remarks
    • 4.1Advantages and disadvantages of the method
  • Further readings on dynamic eyetracking
  • References
References (50)
Further readings on dynamic eyetracking
Carter, B. T., & Luke, S. G. (2020). Best practices in eye tracking research. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 155, 49–62. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Conklin, K., Pellicer Sánchez, A., & Carrol, G. (2018). Eye-tracking: A guide for applied linguistics research. Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Godfroid, A. (2019). Eye tracking in second language acquisition and bilingualism: A research synthesis and methodological guide. Routledge. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Holmqvist, K., Nyström, M., Andersson, R., Dewhurst, R., Jarodzka, H., & Van de Weijer, J. (2015). Eye tracking: A comprehensive guide to methods and measures. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
References
Arslan Aydın, Ü., Kalkan, S., & Acartürk, C. (2018). MAGiC: A multimodal framework for analysing gaze in dyadic communication. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 11(6). Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bianchi, L. J., Kingstone, A., & Risko, E. F. (2020). The role of cognitive load in modulating social looking: A mobile eye tracking study. Cognitive Research, 5(44). Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bykowski, A., & Kupiński, S. (2018). Automatic mapping of gaze position coordinates of eye-tracking glasses video on a common static reference image. In Computer analysis of images and patterns: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns (CAIP) (pp. 1–3). Valleta, Malta.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Carter, B. T., & Luke, S. G. (2020). Best practices in eye tracking research. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 155, 49–62. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Chen, K. Y., & Bassett, D. R. (2005). The technology of accelerometry-based activity monitors: Current and future. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37(11 Suppl), 490–500. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Conklin, K., Pellicer Sánchez, A., & Carrol, G. (2018). Eye-tracking: A guide for applied linguistics research. Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Doherty-Sneddon, G., & Phelps, F. G. (2005). Gaze aversion: A response to cognitive or social difficulty? Memory & Cognition, 33, 727–733. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Doherty-Sneddon, G., Bruce, V., Bonner, L., Longbotham, S., & Doyle, C. (2002). Development of gaze aversion as disengagement from visual information. Developmental Psychology, 38, 438–445. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Duchowski, A. (2017). Eye tracking methodology: Theory and practice. Springer.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Duchowski, A. T. (2002). A breadth-first survey of eye tracking applications. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 34(4), 455–470. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Franchak, J. M. (2017). Head-mounted eye tracking. In B. Hopkins, E. Geangu & S. Linkenauger (Eds.), The Cambridge encyclopedia of child development (pp. 113–116). Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
George, N., & Conty, L. (2008). Facing the gaze of others. Neurophysiologie Clinique = Clinical Neurophysiology, 38(3), 197–207. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gidlöf, K., Wallin, A., Dewhurst, R., & Holmqvist, K. (2013). Using eye tracking to trace a cognitive process: Gaze behaviour during decision making in a natural environment. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 6(1), 1–14. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Godfroid, A. (2019). Eye tracking in second language acquisition and bilingualism: A research synthesis and methodological guide. Routledge. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hagemann, N., Schorer, J., Cañal-Bruland, R., Lotz, S., & Strauss, B. (2010). Visual perception in fencing: Do the eye movements of fencers represent their information pickup? Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 72, 2204–2214. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hayhoe, M. M., & Ballard, D. H. (2005). Eye movements in natural behavior. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(4), 188–194. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hietanen, J. K., Leppänen, J. M., Peltola, M. J., Linna-Aho, K., & Ruuhiala, H. J. (2008). Seeing direct and averted gaze activates the approach-avoidance motivational brain systems. Neuropsychologia, 46(9), 2423–2430. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hogan, B., Carrasco, J., & Wellman, B. (2007). Visualizing personal networks: Working with participant-aided sociograms. Field Methods, 19, 116–144. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Holmqvist, K., Nyström, M., Andersson, R., Dewhurst, R., Jarodzka, H., & van de Weijer, J. (2015). Eye tracking: A comprehensive guide to methods and measures. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Irwin, D. E. (2004). Fixation location and fixation duration as indices of cognitive processing. In J. Henderson & F. Ferreira (Eds.), The interface of language, vision, and action: Eye movements and the visual world (pp. 217–233). Taylor and Francis.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Just, M. A., & Carpenter, P. A. (1980). A theory of reading: From eye fixations to comprehension. Psychological Review, 87(4), 329–354. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Korpal, P. (2016). Interpreting as a stressful activity: Physiological measures of stress in simultaneous interpreting. Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics, 52(2), 297–316. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kredel, R., Klostermann, A., & Hossner, E.-J. (2015). Automated vector-based gaze analysis for perception-action diagnostics. In T. Heinen (Ed.), Advances in visual perception research (pp. 45–59). Nova Science.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kredel, R., Vater, C., Klostermann, A., & Hossner, E.-J. (2017). Eye-tracking technology and the dynamics of natural gaze behavior in sports: A systematic review of 40 years of research. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1–15. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kröger, J. L., Lutz, O. H.-M., & Müller, F. (2020). What does your gaze reveal about you? On the privacy implications of eye tracking. In M. Friedewald, M. Önen, E. Lievens, S. Krenn, & S. Fricker (Eds.), Privacy and identity management: Data for better living: AI and privacy (pp. 1–15). Springer. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Land, M., & Lee, D. (1994). Where we look when we steer. Nature, 369, 742–744. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Liversedge, S. P., Gilchrist, I. D., & Everling, S. (Eds.). (2011). The Oxford handbook of eye movements. Oxford University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mason, M. F., Tatkow, E. P., & Macrae, C. N. (2005). The look of love: Gaze shifts and person perception. Psychological Science, 16(3), 236–239. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Niehorster, D. C., Zemblys, R., & Beelders, T. (2020). Characterizing gaze position signals and synthesizing noise during fixations in eye-tracking data. Behavior Research Methods, 52, 2515–2529. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Pelz, J. B., & Canosa, R. (2001). Eye movements and visual search. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 4(1), 1–11.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Piras, A., Lobietti, R., & Squatrito, S. (2010). A study of saccadic eye movement dynamics in volleyball: Comparison between athletes and non-athletes. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 50, 99–108.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Poole, A., & Ball, L. J. (2006). Eye tracking in human-computer interaction and usability research: Current status and future prospects. In C. Ghaoui (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human computer interaction (pp. 211–219). Idea Group Reference. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Rayner, K. (2009). Eye movements and attention in reading, scene perception, and visual search. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62(8), 1457–1506. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Reingold, E. M. (2014). Eye tracking research and technology: Towards objective measurement of data quality. Visual Cognition, 22(3–4), 635–652. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sarsam, S. M., Al-Samarraie, H., & Alzahrani, A. I. (2021). Influence of personality traits on users’ viewing behaviour. Journal of Information Science, 49(1), 233–247. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Seeber, K. G. (2017). Multimodal processing in simultaneous interpreting. In J. W. Schwieter & A. Ferreira (Eds.), The handbook of translation and cognition (pp. 461–475). John Wiley & Sons. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Su, W., Su, W., & Zhu. (2020). Eye-tracking processes and styles in sight translation. Springer. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tatler, B. W., Hayhoe, M. M., Land, M. F., & Ballard, D. H. (2011). Eye guidance in natural vision: Reinterpreting salience. Journal of Vision, 11(5), 1–17. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tiselius, E., & Sneed, K. (2020). Gaze and eye movement in dialogue interpreting: An eye-tracking study. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 23(4), 780–787. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Vansteenkiste, P., Cardon, G., Philippaerts, R., & Lenoir, M. (2015). Measuring dwell time percentage from head-mounted eye-tracking data: Comparison of a frame-by-frame and a fixation-by-fixation analysis. Ergonomics, 58, 712–721. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Vranjes, J., Brône, G., & Feyaerts, K. (2018). On the role of gaze in the organization of turn-taking and sequence organization in interpreter-mediated dialogue. Language and Dialogue, 8(3), 439-467.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Vredeveldt, A., Hitch, G. J., & Baddeley, A. D. (2011). Eye closure helps memory by reducing cognitive load and enhancing visualisation. Memory & Cognition, 39, 1253–1263. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wade, N., & Tatler, B. (2005). The moving tablet of the eye: The origins of modern eye movement research. Oxford University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wieser, M. J., Pauli, P., Alpers, G. W., & Mühlberger, A. (2009). Is eye to eye contact really threatening and avoided in social anxiety? An eye-tracking and psychophysiology study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23(1), 93–103. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue