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Article published In: Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics
Vol. 29:1 (2016) ► pp.212–237

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Caracterización prosódica del inicio, desarrollo y final de noticia

 | Universidad Pompeu Fabra

Article language: Spanish

Published online: 30 August 2016
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https://doi.org/10.1075/resla.29.1.09mas
La locución informativa constituye un discurso estable, modélico y complejo, que ha dado lugar a numerosos estudios sobre la eficacia de su estructura prosódica. En este estudio, se identifican las fases discursivas de la noticia y se estudia su caracterización prosódica. De una muestra de 94 segmentos discursivos de inicio, desarrollo y final de noticia, pertenecientes a cinco noticias de tres locutores y ámbitos temáticos diferentes de tres canales televisivos en España, se miden los siguientes rasgos prosódicos: tesitura, ritmo, número de picos tonales, intensidad media y rango tonal. A continuación se realiza un análisis factorial ANOVA. Los resultados muestran una significativa caracterización prosódica de la fase de inicio, con más picos tonales y un rango tonal mayor que las fases de desarrollo y final. Asimismo, se ha comprobado una gradación de mayor a menor tesitura y ritmo en las tres fases. A nivel de locutor, el nivel de estructuración prosódica del discurso noticia no mejora de forma sensible, ni en la locución estándar ni en los estilos natural o sensacionalista. Se concluye que la locución televisiva en España sigue dominada por una tradición textual que provoca vicios locutivos como la cantinela no vinculados al tipo de texto y al contenido de la información, lo que podría afectar a la eficacia del discurso oral.
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