Article published In: Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics
Vol. 28:2 (2015) ► pp.349–381
Acquisitional patterns of Spanish anticausative se
The end of the road
Published online: 19 February 2016
https://doi.org/10.1075/resla.28.2.01gom
https://doi.org/10.1075/resla.28.2.01gom
The acquisition of the Spanish morpheme se has proved to be problematic for L2 learners both because of its polyfunctionality and because of the restrictions regarding the types of predicates with which it can combine. This paper sheds light on this problem by focusing on a specific type of se (anticausative se; e.g., El jarrón se rompió ‘The vase broke’) and exploring its acquisition across four proficiency levels. Results of a scalar grammaticality judgment task indicate that lower-proficiency participants’ performance is in line with previous research, which claims that this aspect of Spanish grammar is particularly challenging for L2 learners (as reflected in omission and overgeneralization errors). However, the near-native group shows sensitivity to the abstract features that uniquely characterize verbs that undergo the causative/inchoative alternation. Thus, the current findings suggest that L2 learners manage to overcome the problems experienced at lower levels and, in fact, do succeed at the level of ultimate attainment.
References (55)
Aranovich, R. (2000). Spanish inchoatives and the semantics of split intransitivity. Paper presented at
the Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America
, Chicago.
Birdsong, D. (2006). Age and second language acquisition and processing: A selective overview. Language Learning, 561, 9–49.
Bruhn de Garavito, J. (1999). The se constructions in Spanish and near-native competence. Spanish Applied Linguistics, 3(2), 247–296.
. (2011). Subject/object asymmetries in the grammar of bilingual and monolingual Spanish speakers: Evidence against connectionism. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 1(2), 111–148.
Cabrera, M., & Zubizarreta, M.L. (2003). On the acquisition of Spanish causative structures by L1 speakers of English. In J.M. Liceras, et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Conference (GASLA 2002) (pp. 24–33). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
. (2005). Overgeneralization of causatives and transfer in L2 Spanish and L2 English. In D. Eddington (Ed.), Selected proceedings of the 6th Conference on the Acquisition of Spanish and Portuguese as First and Second Languages (pp. 15–30). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
Chierchia, G. (1989). A semantics for unaccusatives and its syntactic consequences. Ms.,Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.
. (1981). Principles and parameters in syntactic theory. In N. Hornstein & D. Lightfoot (Eds.), Explanation in linguistics: The logical problem of language acquisition (pp. 32–75). London, UK: Longman.
Cohen, J., MacWhinney, B., Flatt, M., & Provost, J. (1993). PsyScope: An interactive graphic system for designing and controlling experiments in the psychology laboratory using Macintosh computers. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 251, 257–271.
de Miguel, E. (1992). El aspecto en la sintaxis del español: Perfectividad e imperfectividad. Madrid: Ediciones de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
Ellis, N.C. (1996). Sequencing in SLA: Phonological memory, chunking, and points of order. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 181, 91–126.
. (2002). Frequency effects in language processing: A review with implications for theories of implicit and explicit language acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 241, 143–188.
Ellis, N.C., & Larsen-Freeman, D. (2009). Constructing a second language: Analyses and computational simulations of the emergence of linguistic constructions from usage. Language Learning, 59, Supplement 1, 93–128.
Ellis, N.C., O’Donnell, M.B., & Römer, U. (2013). Usage-based language: Investigating the latent structures that underpin acquisition. Language Learning, 63, Supplement 1, 25–51.
Gómez Soler, I. (2013). Aspectual differences with syntactic consequences: Argument structure alternations in L2 Spanish. In J. Cabrelli Amaro, et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 12th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Conference (GASLA 12)(pp. 50–59). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
. (2014). The logical problem of L2 acquisition of argument structure: Recognizing aspectual distinctions in Spanish psych-predicates. International Journal of Bilingualism. Retrieved from: [URL]
Kempchinsky, P. (2004). Romance se as an aspectual element. In J. Auger, J.C. Clements, & B.Vance (Eds.),
Contemporary approaches to Romance linguistics: Selected papers from the
33rd Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages
(pp. 239–256). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
King, L.D., & Suñer, M. (2007). Gramatica española: Análisis y práctica. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Koontz-Garboden, A. (2009). Anticausativization. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 27(1), 77–138.
Levin, B., & Rappaport Hovav, M. (1995). Unaccusativity at the syntax semantics interface. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Montrul, S. (1999). Causative errors with unaccusative verbs in L2 Spanish. Second Language Research, 15(2), 191–217.
. (2000). Transitive alternations in L2 acquisition: Toward a modular view of transfer. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 23(2), 171–206.
. (2001a). First-language constrained variability in the second language acquisition of argument structure-changing morphology with causative verbs. Second Language Research, 17(2), 144–194.
. (2001b). Agentive verbs of manner of motion in Spanish and English as second languages. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 23(2), 171–207.
Perlmutter, D. (1978). Impersonal passives and the Unaccusative Hypothesis. In J.J. Jaeger, et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (pp. 157–189). Berkeley: University of California.
PsyScope X Project. (n.d.). Retrieved March 8, 2015, from [URL]
Reinhart, T. (2000). The theta system: Syntactic realization of verbal concepts. OTS Working Papers, 00.01/TL.
Reinhart, T., & Siloni, T. (2005). The lexicon-syntax parameter: Reflexivization and other arity operations. Linguistic Inquiry, 36(3), 389–436.
Rosen, C. (1984). The interface between semantic roles and initial grammatical relations. In D. Perlmutter & C. Rosen (Eds.), Studies in relational grammar 2 (pp. 38–77). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Rothman, J. (2009). Pragmatic deficits with syntactic consequences? L2 pronominal subjects and the syntax–pragmatics interface. Journal of Pragmatics, 41(5), 951–973.
Rothman, J., & Iverson, M. (2008). Poverty of the stimulus and L2 epistemology: Considering L2 knowledge of aspectual phrasal semantics. Language Acquisition: A Journal of Developmental Linguistics, 15(4), 270–314.
Sorace (1993). Incomplete vs. divergent representations of unaccusativity in non-native grammars of Italian. Second Language Research, 9(1), 22–47
Sorace, A. (2000). Gradients in auxiliary selection with intransitive verbs. Language, 76(4), 859–890.
. (2003). Near-nativeness. In M. Long & C. Doughty (Eds.), Handbook of second language acquisition (pp. 130–152). Oxford: Blackwell.
Torrego, E. (1989). Unergative-unaccusative alternations in Spanish. MIT Working Papers in Linguistics, 101, 253–269.
Toth, P.D. (1999). Preemption in instructed learners of Spanish as a foreign language: Acquiring a rule for se. Spanish Applied Linguistics, 3(2), 195–246.
. (2000). The interaction of instruction and learner-internal factors in the acquisition of L2 morphosyntax. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 22(2), 169–208.
Toth, P.D., & Guijarro-Fuentes, P. (2013). The impact of instruction on second-language implicit knowledge: Evidence against encapsulation. Applied Psycholinguistics, 34(6), 1163–1193.
Tremblay, A. (2006). On the second language acquisition of Spanish reflexive passives and reflexive impersonals by French- and English-speaking adults. Second Language Research, 22(1), 30–63.
Valenzuela, E. (2006). L2 end state grammars and incomplete acquisition of the Spanish CLLD constructions. In R. Slabakova, S. Montrul, & P. Prévost, Inquiries in linguistic development: In honor of Lydia White. (pp. 283–304). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
VanPatten, B., & Williams, J. (2008). Theories in second language acquisition: An introduction. New York: Routledge
Cited by (2)
Cited by two other publications
Gonzalez, Becky
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 30 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
