Cover not available

Article published In: Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics
Vol. 38:2 (2025) ► pp.460–481

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload PDF
EPUB logo with download linkDownload EPUB
authorization required

Análisis contrastivo de los encuadres culturales en las noticias sobre la guerra entre Rusia y Ucrania en cinco periódicos europeos

ORCiD logo with link | IULMA & Universitat de València
ORCiD logo with link | IULMA & Universitat de València

Article language: Spanish

Published online: 6 January 2025
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/resla.23005.jor
Resumen
El presente trabajo presenta un análisis contrastivo de los encuadres culturales subyacentes a las noticias sobre la guerra entre Rusia y Ucrania publicadas en cinco periódicos europeos por medio de una metodología innovadora que incluye el uso del software de análisis de corpus, la detección de los campos semánticos más frecuentes, un análisis cuantitativo y contrastivo, una descripción y contextualización de los resultados y, por último, un proceso de interpretación cultural con una perspectiva de encuadre. Nuestro trabajo demuestra que el análisis de los sustantivos más frecuentes y el contraste de los campos semánticos dominantes permiten detectar las diferencias existentes en el planteamiento comunicativo de los periódicos seleccionados. La interpretación de los resultados pone de manifiesto que, a pesar de tratarse de un suceso de proyección internacional, cada medio encuadra la información teniendo en cuenta los intereses de los lectores de su país. Nuestra propuesta metodológica resulta eficaz para realizar un primer acercamiento a los encuadres culturales y poder, de este modo, llevar a cabo un análisis contrastivo de las noticias de diferentes periódicos. Sin embargo, para lograr resultados más detallados, será necesario, en futuras investigaciones, completar este proceso con un análisis de unidades sintácticas diversas.
Introduction
A contrastive analysis of the cultural frames in the news about the war between Russia and Ukraine in five European newspapers
The war between Ukraine and Russia, which began in February 2022, is having serious humanitarian, social and economic consequences worldwide. For this reason, international media has offered extensive coverage reporting on the evolution of the conflict from different perspectives. This international media coverage has opened a wide field of possibilities for multidisciplinary academic research on the journalistic genre, since it allows the analysis of the contrast in information provided by the media of different countries on the same event over a long period.
In this paper, we offer a contrastive analysis with a cultural approach of a corpus of news related to the war between Russia and Ukraine published in five newspapers from different countries: El País (Spain), The Guardian (United Kingdom), Il Corriere della Sera (Italy), Le Monde (France) and Süddeutsche Zeitung (Germany). This research is encompassed within frame analysis theory and provides an innovative perspective both for the materials used and for the methodology implemented, which will be explained further on.
Article outline
  • 1.Introducción
    • 1.1Frame analysis o teoría del encuadre: Definición de “encuadre”
    • 1.2La teoría del encuadre y el componente cultural
    • 1.3Análisis del encuadre: Vía deductiva e inductiva
    • 1.4Frame analysis en la cobertura mediática de crisis humanitarias
  • 2.Metodología
    • 2.1Creación del corpus y clasificación de los resultados
    • 2.2Metodología del análisis
  • 3.Resultados
    • 3.1Análisis cuantitativo
    • 3.2Descripción y contextualización de los resultados
  • 4.Discusión
  • 5.Conclusión
  • References
References (46)
References
Alcaraz-Mármol, G., & Almela, J. S. (2016). The semantic prosody of the words inmigración and inmigrante in the Spanish written media: A corpus-based study of two national newspapers. Revista Signos, 49(91), 145–167. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Allen, L. D., Odziemczyk, I. Z., Perek-Białas, J., & Ayalon, L. (2021). “We should be at the back of the line”: A frame analysis of old age within the distribution order of the COVID-19 vaccine. The Gerontologist, 61(8), 1317–1325. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ardèvol-Abreu, A. (2015). Framing o teoría del encuadre en comunicación. Orígenes, desarrollo y panorama actual en España. Revista latina de comunicación social, (70), 423–450. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Baden, C., & Tenenboim-Weinblatt, K. (2018). The search for common ground in conflict news research: Comparing the coverage of six current conflicts in domestic and international media over time. Media, War & Conflict, 11(1), 22–45. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bennhold, K. (23/4/2022). “The Former Chancellor Who Became Putin’s Man in Germany”. The New York Times. [URL]
Burscher, B., Vliegenthart, R., & Vreese, C. H. D. (2016). Frames beyond words: Applying cluster and sentiment analysis to news coverage of the nuclear power issue. Social Science Computer Review, 34(5), 530–545. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cheng, J. W., & Fraser, N. A. (2022). Japanese Newspaper Portrayals of Refugees — A Frame Analysis from 1985 to 2017. Journal of Refugee Studies. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cornelissen, J. P., & Werner, M. D. (2014). Putting framing in perspective: A review of framing and frame analysis across the management and organizational literature. Academy of Management Annals, 8(1), 181–235. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Corral, D. (2022). Medios de comunicación en la guerra de Ucrania, voces y certeza frente al silencio y la desinformación. IEEE 47/20221. [URL]
Del Castillo, C. (25 de noviembre de 2015). Los eufemismos que intentan tapar los horrores de la guerra. Público. [URL]
Dodd, B. (2021). A feel for the frame: towards a Bourdieusian frame analysis. Poetics, 841, 1–11. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Eddy, K. & Fletcher, R. (15 de junio de 2022). Percepciones de la cobertura de la guerra en Ucrania. Reuter Institute. [URL]
Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of communication, 43(4), 51–58. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Euronews (14/2/2022). La crisis en Ucrania, vista por los inmigrantes que trabajan en Italia. Euronews. [URL]
European Comission (2022). Eurobarometer: Europeans approve EU’s response to the war in Ukraine. European Comission [URL]
Gamson, W. A., & Modigliani, A. (1987). The changing culture of affirmative action. In R. G. Braungart & M. M. Braungart (Eds.), Research in political sociology (Vol. 31, pp.137–177). Greenwich, CT: jAI Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gitlin, T. (2003). The whole world is watching: Mass media in the making and unmaking of the new left. University of California Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(1981). A reply to Denzin and Keller. Contemporary Sociology, 10(1), 60–68. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Greussing, E., & Boomgaarden, H. G. (2017). Shifting the refugee narrative? An automated frame analysis of Europe’s 2015 refugee crisis. Journal of ethnic and migration studies, 43(11), 1749–1774. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Horton et al. (4/5/2022). How reliant is the world on Russia for oil and gas? BBC News. [URL]
Izquierdo Alegría, D., & González Ruiz, R. (2013). La evaluación a través de un mecanismo cohesivo: las etiquetas discursivas en un corpus de editoriale”, en Llamas Saíz, C., Martínez Pasamar, C. y Casado Velarde, M. (eds.), Léxico y argumentación en el discurso público (pp. 149–186). Peter LangGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kim, H., Jang, S. M., Kim, S. H., & Wan, A. (2018). Evaluating sampling methods for content analysis of Twitter data. Social Media+ Society, 4(2). Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Krickovic, A. (2015). When interdependence produces conflict: EU–Russia energy relations as a security dilemma. Contemporary security policy, 36(1), 3–26. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Larres, K. (2019). Brexit Diplomacy, Trump, and the UK’s “Special Relationship” with the United States. Diplomatica, 1(1), 113–126. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mayer, C. H. (2019). Opening the black box part 1: On collective shame in the German society. In Mayer, C. H. and Vanderheiden, E. (eds) The Bright Side of Shame. Transforming and Growing through Practical Applications in Cultural Contexts (pp. 3–19). Springer, Cham. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Moernaut, R., Mast, J., & Pauwels, L. (2018). Framing climate change: A multi-level model. In Handbook of Climate Change Communication: Vol. 11 (pp. 215–271). Springer, Cham. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Naciones Unidas. (24 de mayo de 2022). Ucrania: Supervisando las consecuencias devastadoras de la guerra para los civiles. Naciones Unidas Derechos Humanos. [URL]
Parra, A. (19 de julio de 2022). Los periodistas y los medios ucranianos son un objetivo de guerra en Ucrania, según la UNESCO. Euronews. [URL]
Pérez del Pozo, M. J. (11 de marzo de 2022). La guerra Rusia-Ucrania: el periodismo como guardián de la verdad. The Conversation. [URL]
Piñeiro-Naval, V., & Mangana, R. (2018). Teoría del Encuadre: panorámica conceptual y estado del arte en el contexto hispano. Estudios sobre el mensaje periodístico, 24(2), 1541–1557. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Poirier, W., Ouellet, C., Rancourt, M. A., Béchard, J., & Dufresne, Y. (2020). (Un) covering the COVID-19 pandemic: framing analysis of the crisis in Canada. Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique, 53(2), 365–371. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ramasubramanian, S., & Miles, C. (2018). Framing the Syrian refugee crisis: A comparative analysis of Arabic and English news sources. International Journal of Communication, 121, 19. [URL]
Reese, S. D. (2007). The framing project: A bridging model for media research revisited. Journal of communication, 57(1), 148–154. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ricart, A., & Jordán, M. Á. (2022). Análisis contrastivo de los encuadres culturales de noticias sobre Covid-19 en The Guardian y El País basado en el uso de sustantivos. IC: Revista Científica de Información y Comunicación, 191, 647–673.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sádaba-Garraza, T. (2001). Origen, aplicación y límites de la” teoría del encuadre” (framing) en comunicación. Communication & Society, 14(2), 143–175. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Semetko, H. A., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2000). Framing European politics: A content analysis of press and television news. Journal of communication, 50(2), 93–109. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sketch Engine. [URL]
Touri, M., & Koteyko, N. (2015). Using corpus linguistic software in the extraction of news frames: towards a dynamic process of frame analysis in journalistic texts. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 18(6), 601–616. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tuchman, G. (1978). Making news: A study in the construction of reality. Nueva York: Free Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Túñez, M., & Guevara, M. (2009). Framing by proximity as criteria for newsworthiness: the curve of absences. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, (64). Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Van Gorp, B. (2007). The constructionist approach to framing: Bringing culture back in. Journal of communication, 57(1), 60–78. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Van Gorp, B., Olthuis, G., Vandekeybus, A., & van Gurp, J. (2021). Frames and counter-frames giving meaning to palliative care and euthanasia in the Netherlands. BMC Palliative care, 20(1), 1–11. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Vu, H. T., & Lynn, N. (2020). When the news takes sides: Automated framing analysis of news coverage of the Rohingya crisis by the elite press from three countries. Journalism Studies, 21(9), 1284–1304. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wierder, T. (12/4/2022). Germany’s coalition divided on sending arms to Ukraine. Le Monde. [URL]
Yang, L., & Chen, H. (2019). Framing terrorist attacks: A multi-proximity model. International Communication Gazette, 81(5), 395–417. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue