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Article published In: Review of Cognitive Linguistics
Vol. 20:2 (2022) ► pp.530–557

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Antonym order in English and Chinese coordinate structures

A multifactorial analysis

ORCiD logo with link | Sichuan International Studies University
 | Sichuan International Studies University
Published online: 8 December 2022
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00121.wu
Abstract
This study presents a contrastive analysis of antonym order in English and Chinese coordinate structures using a multifactorial corpus method. The analysis yields the following findings. First, antonym ordering in coordinate structures is driven largely by the same ordering constraints across the two languages. Chronology and Positivity are the most prominent semantic motivating constraints, and Morphology is the most important formal motivating constraint. Second, there are some differences in constraints on antonym ordering between English and Chinese. Age and Gender exert a significant effect on Chinese antonym ordering, but show no effect on English antonym ordering. Hierarchical Superiority significantly affects Chinese antonym ordering, but has only a marginal effect on English antonym ordering. Furthermore, this study explores the motivations underlying these similarities and differences and argues that there is a clear correlation between iconicity and antonym order. The exploration reveals that their similarities in semantic constraints may be attributed to the iconicity of closeness and the iconicity of temporal sequence, while their differences may be ascribed to the iconicity of cultural values and norms. Their similarities in formal constraints stem from cognitive accessibility. These findings provide further evidence that antonym order is determined by general cognitive principles.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Previous studies on antonym order
    • 2.1Studies on antonym co-occurrence
    • 2.2Studies on antonym order in English and Chinese
  • 3.Methodology
    • 3.1Corpora
    • 3.2Data collection
    • 3.3Data annotation
      • 3.3.1Semantic constraints
      • 3.3.2Phonological and morphological constraints
    • 3.4Statistical evaluation
  • 4.Results
  • 5.Discussion
    • 5.1Iconicity and semantic constraints governing antonym ordering in English and Chinese coordinate structures
      • 5.1.1Iconicity and the similarities in semantic constraints governing Chinese and English antonym ordering
      • 5.1.2Iconicity and the differences in semantic constraints governing Chinese and English antonym ordering
    • 5.2Accessibility and formal constraints governing Chinese and English antonym ordering
  • 6.Conclusion
  • Notes
  • References
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