Article published In: Pragmatics and Society
Vol. 7:3 (2016) ► pp.436–462
Discursive pragmatics of T-shirt inscriptions
Constructing the self, context and social aspirations
Published online: 15 September 2016
https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.7.3.05chi
https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.7.3.05chi
This study adopts a discourse-pragmatic analytical approach to examine the various ways youths construct themselves and their group identities, their environment and socio-economic aspirations using T-shirt messages and slogans. Two institutions of higher learning in Nigeria are examined. Findings show that T-shirts combine fashion and youth popular culture with need and identity negotiation. The youth not only assert who they are and what they wish to be known for, but also express their aspirations for a better socio-economic and political society. The needs for love and money are particularly stressed. The study also describes the linguistic structures and style of T-shirt messages.
References (41)
Adesoji, Abimbola, and Akin Alao. 2009. “Indigeneship and Citizenship in Nigeria: Myth and Reality”. The Journal of Pan African Studies 2(9): 151–165.
Adrover, Lauren. 2013. “Branding Festive Bodies: Corporate Logo and Chiefly Image T-shirts in Ghana”. In African Dress: Fashion, Agency, Performance, ed. by Karen T. Hanson and D. Soyini Madison, 45–59. London: Bloomsbury.
Ajibade, Yetunde A., Beatrice Bunmi Adeyemi, and Emmanuel Olajide Awopetu. 2012. “Unity in Diversity: The Nigerian Youth, Nigerian Pidgin English and the Nigerian Language Policy”. Journal of Educational and Social Research 2(3): 289–295.
De Fina, Anna. 2006. “Group Identity, Narrative and Self Representation”. In: Discourse and Identity, ed. by Anna De Fina, Deborah Schiffrin, and Michael Bamberg, 351–375.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
De Fina, Anna, Deborah Schiffrin, and Michael Bamberg (eds.). 2006. Discourse and Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chiluwa, Innocent. 2008. “Religious Vehicle Stickers in Nigeria: A Discourse of Identity, Faith and Social Vision”. Discourse and Communication 2(4): 371–387.
. 2011a. “Media Construction of Sociopolitical Crises in Nigeria”. Journal of Language and Politics 10(1): 88–108.
. 2011b. Labeling and Ideology in the Press: A Corpus-based Critical Discourse Study of the Niger Delta Crisis. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
. 2013a. “Community and Social Interaction in Digital Religious Discourse in Nigeria, Ghana and Cameroon”. Journal of Religion, Media & Digital Culture 2(1). Accessed from [URL].
. 2013b. “West African English in Digital Discourse”. Covenant Journal of Language Studies 1(1): 42–62.
Critchell, Samantha. 2013. “Statement T-Shirts Allow Kids to Send a Message without Taking a Fashion Risk”. Associated Press, August 8.
Georgakopoulou, Alexandra. 2002. “Narrative and Identity Management: Discourse and Social Identities in a Tale of Tomorrow”. Research on Language and Social Interaction 351: 427–451.
Ghilani, Jessica. 2010. “Making Propaganda into T-Shirts and Tote Bags: Recruiting Female Militarism, Then and Now”. Minerva Journal of Women and War 4(2): 46–64.
Glass, Aaron. 2008. “Crests on Cotton: “Souvenir” T-Shirts and the Materiality of Remembrance among the Kwakwaka’wakw of British Columbia”. Museum Anthropology 311: 1–18.
Hyland, Ken. 2005. “Stance and Engagement: A Model of Interaction in Academic Discourse”. Discourse Studies 7(2): 173–192.
Ifukor, Presley. 2010. “‘Elections’ or ‘Selections’? Blogging and Twittering the Nigerian 2007 General Elections”. Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 30(6): 398–414.
Johnstone, Barbara. 2009. “Pittsburghese Shirts: Commodification and the Enregisterment of an Urban Dialect”. American Speech 84(2): 157–175.
Kasper, Gabriele. 2006. “Speech Acts in Interaction: Towards Discursive Pragmatics”. In Pragmatics & Language Learning, Vol. 111, ed. by Kathleen Bardovi-Harlig, J. César Félix-Brasdefer and Alwiya S. Omar, 281–314. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Martin, J.R. 2000. “Beyond Exchange: Appraisal Systems in English”. In: Evaluation in Text: Authorial Stance and the Construction of Discourse, ed. by Susan Hunston and Geoff
Thompson, 142–175. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Martin, J.R., and David Rose. 2003. Working with Discourse: Meaning beyond the Clause.
London and New York: Continuum.
Martin, J.R., and Peter R. White. 2005. Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Miller, Sylvia Jean. 2002. “Phish Phan Pholklore: Identity and Community through Commodities in the Phish Parking Lot Scene”. Midwestern Folklore 281: 42–60.
Newhagen, John, and Michael Ancell. 1995. “The Expression of Emotion and Social Status in the Language of Bumper Stickers”. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 14(3): 312–323.
Nkolika, Obianyo. 2007. “Citizenship and Ethnic Militia Politics in Nigeria – Marginalization or Identity Question? The Case of MASSOB”. Paper presented at the
3rd Global Conference on Pluralism, Inclusion and Citizenship
. Salzburg, Austria, Nov. 18–19.
Nwoye, Onuigbo. 1993. “Social Issues on Walls: Graffiti in University Lavatories”. Discourse & Society 4(4): 419–42.
Ofulue, Christine. 2004. “Creolization in Nigerian Pidgin: A Sociolinguistic Perspective”. In Domestication of English in Nigeria, ed. by Vincent Awonusi and E. Babalola, 265–279. Lagos: University of Lagos Press.
Pascual, Mariana, and Lidia Unger. 2010. “Appraisal in the Research Genre: An Analysis of Grant Proposals by Argentinean Researches”. Revista Signos 43(73): 261–280.
Penny, Joel. 2009. “The Body Politics: T-Shirts from the 2008 Presidential campaign”. Paper presented at the
Annual Meeting of the International Communication Association
, Marriott, Chicago. [URL]. Retrieved May 13, 2014.
Salamon, Hagar. 2001. “Political Bumper Stickers in Contemporary Israel: Folklore as an Emotional Battleground”. Journal of American Folklore 114, 453: 277–308.
Shiyanbola, Adenike. 2013. “A Linguistic Analysis of T-Shirt Language Inscriptions among Teenagers in Two Higher Institutions in Lagos State.” Unpublished B.A. project submitted to the Department of Languages, Covenant University, Nigeria.
Uwalaka, Jude. 2003. The Struggles for an Inclusive Nigeria: Igbos to be or not to be. Enugu: SNAAP Press.
White, Peter R. 2011. “Appraisal”. In Handbook of Pragmatics, ed. by Jan Zienkowski, Jan-Ola Östman and Jef Verschueren, 81, 14–36. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Zienkowski, Jan. 2011. “Discursive Pragmatics: Platform for the Pragmatic Study of Discourse”. In Handbook of Pragmatics, ed. by Jan Zienkowski, Jan-Ola Östman, and Jef Verschueren, 81, 1–13. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Cited by (8)
Cited by eight other publications
Liao, Ran & Brian Hok-Shing Chan
Min, Seoha & Hye Young Kim
Peter, Ada & Innocent Chiluwa
Makoni, Busi
Striuk, N. V.
Chiluwa, Innocent
Chiluwa, Innocent
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 30 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
