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Article published In: Pragmatics
Vol. 32:3 (2022) ► pp.426–451

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Referring to arbitrary entities with placeholders

ORCiD logo with link | Hankuk University of Foreign Studies
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Available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 license.
Published online: 15 December 2021
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https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.20076.ser
Abstract
A speaker/writer uses a placeholder (PH) to fill in the syntactic slot of a target word when she has no immediate access to the word or prefers to avoid explicitly mentioning it for contextual reasons. In the present article, I point out a hitherto understudied usage of PHs: a speaker/writer who does not have in mind a specific target form may use a PH to refer to an arbitrary entity (e.g. person, object, action, event, proposition). I substantiate this claim by analysing a variety of original data on Japanese wh-derived PHs. Further evidence for this claim comes from a cross-linguistic survey of wh-derived PHs in Korean and demonstrative-derived PHs in Romanian and Bulgarian. I show that the arbitrary-referential function is observed in PHs in all these languages, regardless of their origins (i.e. wh word, demonstrative) and their categories (i.e. nominal, verbal).
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.The issues: The referential types of placeholders
  • 3.Wh-derived placeholders in Japanese
    • 3.1Descriptive preliminaries
    • 3.2Placeholder nani
    • 3.3Predicative variants of nani
    • 3.4Archaic variants of nani
    • 3.5Doubled variants of nani
    • 3.6Summary
  • 4.Evidence from Korean, Romanian, and Bulgarian
    • 4.1Korean
    • 4.2Romanian
    • 4.3Bulgarian
    • 4.4Summary
  • 5.Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
  • Corpora
References (42)
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Corpora
The Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese (BCCWJ): The National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics
The Corpus of Historical Japanese: The National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics
The Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese (CSJ): The National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics
The NINJAL Web Japanese Corpus (NWJC): The National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics
The Sejong Corpus: The National Institute of Korean Language
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