Cover not available

Article published In: Language, discourse and identities: Snapshot from Greek contexts
Edited by Alexandra Georgakopoulou and Vally Lytra
[Pragmatics 19:3] 2009
► pp. 361–391

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload PDF

Doing (Bi)lingualism: Language alternation as performative construction of online identities

Open Access logo
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 license.
Published online: 1 September 2009
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.19.3.04tsi
The purpose of this paper is to examine practices of language alternation in email communication among native speakers of Greek and to argue that such practices are a facet of the performative construction of an ‘online’ communicative identity. In the slowly-growing body of literature on linguistic practices in computer-mediated communication (CMC) or computer-mediated discourse (CMD) it is emerging that concomitant aspects of linguistic performance relate to the construction of particular sociolinguistic identities relevant to the medium, or, to adopt a less radical perspective, that sociolinguistic identities typical of face-to-face or written interaction are mediated by the social/communicative practices and norms relevant to, or accruing to, types of CMD. Language alternation features prominently among the mechanisms used in constructing such novel linguistic/social-performative identities. In this context, the research presented in this paper examines the performance of a group of six native speakers of Greek, who are also part of a relatively closely-knit social network. The analysis reveals extensive code-switching between Greek and English, both inter- and intra-sentential, with English covering around 20% of the total of words used. The qualitative analysis shows that expressions of affect and evaluative comments are mostly in English, while Greek is reserved for the transmission of factual/referential information. The data further reveal that extensive style- or register-shifting and mixing is a favored strategy among members of the group; such mixing includes shifting among dialects or sociolects of Greek, the use of other languages, and, notably, the use of constructed words and structures with humorous overtones. This complex type of language play is an overarching feature of the group’s (socio)linguistic performance in asynchronous electronic communication, which may single them out as a localized community of practice. The data highlight the theoretical and methodological necessity for fine-grained accounts of specific types of CMD, which can be tackled not in terms of overarching macro-contextual linguistic and extralinguistic variables, but as dynamic reflexes both of specific participant constellations and of the negotiation of emerging generic norms within localized communities of practice. The paper also presents and discusses a quantitative study of views and attitudes on language alternation expressed by subjects who code-switch systematically on email, in an attempt to gauge the types of metalinguistic awareness involved. It emerges from the quantitative study that users abstract away from ‘phobic’ attitudes towards the use of English and that they treat language alternation as a manifestation of balanced or functional bilingualism, which is furthermore situation-specific and ‘genre’-appropriate.
References (90)
Anderson, B. (1983) Imagined Communities. Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Androutsopoulos, J. (2006a) Introduction: Sociolinguistics and computer-mediated communication. Journal of Sociolinguistics 101: 419-438. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. (2006b) Multilingualism, diaspora and the Internet: Codes and identities on German-based diaspora websites. Journal of Sociolinguistics 101: 520-547. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. (2001) Από dieuthinsi σε diey8ynsh. Ορθογραφική ποικιλότητα στη λατινική μεταγραφή των ελληνικών. [From dieuthinsi to diey8ynsh. Orthographic variation in the latinized transliteration of Greek]. In Y. Agouraki, A. Arvaniti, J. Davy, D. Goutsos, M. Karyolemou, A. Panayotou, A. Papapavlou, P. Pavlou & A. Roussou (eds.), Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Greek Linguistics. Thessaloniki: University Studio Press, pp. 383-390.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Archakis, A., and V. Tsakona (2006) Script oppositions and humorous targets: Promoting values and constructing identities via humour in Greek conversational data. Stylistyka 151: 119-134.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Antonopoulou, E., and M. Sifianou (2003) Conversational dynamics of humour: Τhe telephone game in Greek. Journal of Pragmatics 351: 741-769.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Attardo, S. (2001) Humorous Texts: A Semantic and Pragmatic Analysis. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Auer, P. (2005) A postscript: Code-switching and social identity. Journal of Pragmatics 371: 403-410.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. (1999) From code-switching via language mixing to fused lects: Toward a dynamic typology of bilingual speech. International Journal of Bilingualism 31: 309-332. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. (ed.) (1998) Code-Switching in Conversation: Language, Interaction and Identity. New York & London: Routledge.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Auer, P., and L. Wei (eds.) (2007) Handbook of Multilingualism and Multilingual Communication. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Baron, Ν. (2000) Alphabet to Email: How Written English Evolved and Where it's Heading. New York & London: Routledge. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Baym, N. (2000) Tune In, Log On: Soaps, Fandom and On-Line Community. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. (1998) The emergence of on-line community. In S.G. Jones (ed.), Cybersociety 2.0. Revisiting Computer-Mediated Communication and Community. London: Sage, pp. 35-68. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bauman, R. (1975) Verbal art as performance. American Anthropologist 771: 290-311.  BoP Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bauman, R., and C.L. Briggs (1990) Poetics and performance as critical perspectives on language and social life. Annual Review of Anthropology 191: 59-88.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bhatia, V.K. (2004) Words of Written Discourse: A Genre-based View. London: Continuum.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P. (1977) Outline of a Theory of Practice. London: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Buszard-Welcher, L. (2001). Can the Web save my language? In L. Hinton & K. Hale (eds.), The Green Book of Language Revitalization in Practice. San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 331-348. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Canakis, C. (2008) Γλώσσα, αρσενικότητα και σεξουαλικότητα στο διαδίκτυο [Language, masculinity and sexuality on the internet]. Studies in Greek Linguistics 28. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Institute for Modern Greek Studies, pp. 159-170.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Crystal, D. (2001) Language and the Internet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Danet, B. (2001) Cyberpl@y: Communicating Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. (1995) General introduction. Playful expressivity and artfulness in computer-mediated communication. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 11. [URL] Accessed 8 May 2006Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Danet, B., and S. Herring (eds.) (2007) The Multilingual Internet. Language, Culture, and Communication Online. USA: Oxford University Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Danet B., and S. Herring (2003) Introduction: The Multilingual Internet. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication 91 [URL] Accessed 21 January 2005Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Danet, B., L. Ruedenberg, and Y. Rosenbaum-Tamari (1998) “Hmmm...where’s all that smoke coming from?” Writing, play and performance on Internet Relay Chat. In S. Rafaeli, F. Sudweeks & M. McLaughlin (eds.), Network and Netplay: Virtual Groups on the Internet.Cambridge, MA: AAAI/MIT Press, pp. 41-76.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
del-Teso-Craviotto, M. (2006) Language and sexuality in Spanish and English dating chats. Journal of Sociolinguistics 101: 460-480. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
de Oliveira, S.M. (2007) Breaking conversational norms on a Portuguese users’ network. InDanet B. & S. Herring (eds.), pp. 256-278.
Ellis, C. (2004) The Ethnographic I: A Methodological Novel about Autoethnography. Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Fishman, J. (2000) Who speaks what language to whom and when? In L. Wei (ed.), pp. 89-106.
Geertz, C. (1973) Thick description: Toward an interpretive theory of culture. In The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. New York: Basic Books, pp. 3-30.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Georgakopoulou, A. (2004) To tell or not to tell? Email stories between on- and offline interactions. Language@Internet 11 [URL] Accessed 25 January 2008.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. (2003) Computer-mediated communication. In J. Verschueren, J.-O. Östman, J. Blommaert & C. Bulcaen (eds.), Handbook of Pragmatics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. 1-20.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. (2002) Narrative and identity management: Discourse and social identities in a tale of tomorrow. Research on Language and Social Interaction 351: 427-451.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. (1997) Self-presentation and interactional alliances in e-mail discourse: The style- and code-switches of Greek messages. International Journal of Applied Linguistics 71: 141-164.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Goutsos, D. (2005) The interaction of generic structure and interpersonal relations in two-party e-chat discourse. Language@Internet 21 [URL] Accessed 25 January 2008.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. (2001) A discourse-analytic approach to the use of English in Cypriot Greek conversations. International Journal of Applied Linguistics 111: 194-223.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Gumperz, J. (1982) Conversational code-switching. In J. Gumperz (ed.), Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 59-99.  BoP Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hawisher, G., and C. Selfe (eds.) (2000) Global Literacies and the World-Wide Web. London & New York: Routledge.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Herring, S. (2007) A faceted classification scheme for Computer-Mediated Discourse. Language@Internet 41. [URL] Accessed 25 January 2008.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. (2001) Computer-mediated discourse. In D. Schiffrin, D. Tannen & H.E. Hamilton (eds.), The Handbook of Discourse Analysis. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 612-634.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Herring, S., and J. Paolillo (2006) Gender and genre variation in weblogs. Journal of Sociolinguistics 101:439-459. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hine, C. (2000) Virtual Ethnography. London: Sage. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Koutsogiannis, D., and B. Mitsikopoulou (2007) Greeklish and Greekness. In B. Danet & S. Herring (eds.), pp. 142-161.
Kress, G., and T. Van Leeuwen (2001) Multimodal Discourse: The Modes and Media of Contemporary Communication. London: Arnold.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mackey, W. (2000) The description of bilingualism. In L. Wei (ed.), pp. 26-56.
Makri-Tsilipakou, M. (1999a) E: Χρησιμοποιείτε ξένες λέξεις όταν μιλάτε; A: Never ((γέλια)). [Q: Do you use foreign words when you speak? A: Never ((laughter))]. In A.-F. Christidis (ed.), ‘Strong’ and ‘Weak’ Languages in the European Union: Aspects of Linguistic Hegemonism. Thessaloniki: Centre for the Greek Language, pp.439-447 (Gr.), pp. 448-457 (Engl.).Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. (1999b) Νεοελληνική και ξενόγλωσσες μονάδες: Δανεισμός ή αλλαγή κώδικα; [Modern Greek and foreign language units: Borrowing or code switching?]. In A. Moser et al. (eds.), Greek Linguistics ’97. Proceedings of the 3rd International Linguistic Conference for the Greek Language, Athens, 25-27 September 1997. Athens: Ellinika Grammata, pp. 575-585.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Martin, J.R. (1997) Analysing genre: Functional parameters. In F. Christie & J.R. Martin (eds.), Genre and Institutions. Social Processes in the Workplace and School.London: Cassell, pp. 3-39.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Matsagouras, E.G., and S. Tsiplakou (2008) Who’s afraid of genre? Genres, functions, text types and their implications for a pedagogy of critical literacy. Scientia Paedagogica Experimentalis - International Journal of Experimental Research in Education XLV.11: 71-90.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Matsuda, P.K. (2002) Negotiation of identity and power in a Japanese online discourse community. Computers and Composition 191: 39-55. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
McNeill, L. (2005) Genre under construction: The diary on the Internet. Language@Internet 21 [URL] Accessed25 January 2008.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
McSwan, J. (1999) A Minimalist Approach to Intrasentential Code Switching. New York: Garland Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Meeuwis, M., and J. Blommaert (1998) A monolectal view of code-switching: Layered code-switching among Zairians in Belgium. In P. Auer (ed.), pp. 76-100.
Miller, C.R. (1994) Rhetorical community: The cultural basis of genre. In A. Freedman & P. Medway (eds.), Genre and the New Rhetoric. London: Taylor & Francis, pp. 67-78.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. (1984) Genre as social action. Quarterly Journal of Speech 701: 151-167. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Milroy, L. (1987) Language and Social Networks. Oxford: B. Blackwell.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Milroy, L., and P. Muysken (eds.) (1995) One Speaker, Two Languages: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives on Codeswitching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Milroy, L., and L. Wei (1995) A social network approach to code-switching: The example of a bilingual community in Britain. In L. Milroy & P. Muysken (eds.), pp. 136-157.
Moschonas, S.A. (2004) Relativism in language ideology: Greece’s latest “language issues”. Journal of Modern Greek Studies 221: 173-206. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Muysken, P. (2000) Bilingual Speech. A Typology of Code-Mixing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Myers-Scotton, C. (2002) Contact Linguistics. Bilingual Encounters and Grammatical Outcomes. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. (2000) Code-switching as indexical of social negotiations. In L. Wei (ed.), pp. 137-165.
Nettle, D., and S. Romaine (2000) Vanishing Voices. The Extinction of the World's Languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Nishimura, Y. (2007) Linguistic innovations and interactional features in Japanese BBS communication. In B. Danet & S. Herring (eds.), pp. 163-184.
Paolillo, J.C. (2001) Language variation on Internet Relay Chat: A social network approach. Journal of Sociolinguistics 51: 180-213. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. (1996) Language choice on soc.culture.punjab. Electronic Journal of Communication/La Revue electronique de Communication 61 [URL] Accessed January 21 2005Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Panopoulos, P. (2005) Retour au village natal. Associations locales et renouveau culturel. Ethnologie française 21: 243-253. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Papataxiarchis, E. (1991) Friends of the heart: Male commensal solidarity, gender, and kinship in Aegean Greece. In P. Loizos & E. Papataxiarchis (eds.), Contested Identities: Gender and Kinship in Modern Greece. Princeton, NJ: University Press, pp. 156-179. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Phillipson R., and T. Skutnabb-Kangas (1999) Englishization: One dimension of globalization. In R. Jacobson (ed.), Codeswitching Worldwide. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 125-150.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Poplack S. (2000) Sometimes I’ll start a sentence in Spanish y termino en español: Toward a typology of code switching. In L. Wei (ed.), pp. 221-256.
. (1980) Sometimes I’ll start a sentence in Spanish y termino en español: toward a typology of code switching. Linguistics 181: 581-618. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Siebenhaar, B. (2005) Die dialektale Verankerung regionaler Chats in der deutschsprachigen Schweiz. In E. Eggers, J.E. Schmidt & D. Stellmacher (eds.), Moderne Dialekte – Neue Dialektologie. Stuttgart: Steiner, pp. 691–717.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sifianou, M. (1992) Politeness Phenomena in England and Greece: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Oxford: Clarendon Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Swales, J.M. (1990) Genre Analysis. English in Academic and Research Settings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tseliga, T. (2007) “It’s all Greeklish to me!” In B. Danet, & S. Herring (eds.), pp. 116-142.
Tsiplakou, S. (2003/in press) Linguistic attitudes and emerging hyperdialectism in a diglossic setting: Young Cypriot Greeks on their language. In C. Yoquelet (ed.), Berkeley Linguistic Society 29. Special Volume: Minority and Diasporic Languages of Europe. Berkeley, CA: University of California at Berkeley.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. (2004) Στάσεις απέναντι στη γλώσσα και γλωσσική αλλαγή. Μια αμφίδρομη σχέση; [Attitudes towards language and language change: a two-way relation?] In G. Catsimali, A. Kalokairinos, E. Anagnostopoulou & I. Kappa (eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Greek Linguistics. Rethymno: Linguistics Lab. CD-Rom.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. (2006) Cyprus: Language situation. In K. Brown (ed.), Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. 2nd Edition.Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 337-339. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. (2009) Code-switching and code-mixing between related varieties: Establishing the blueprint. The International Journal of Humanities 61: 49-66.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tsiplakou, S., A. Papapavlou, P. Pavlou, and M. Katsoyannou (2006) Levelling, koineization and their implications for bidialectism. In F. Hinskens (ed.), Language Variation – European Perspectives. Selected Papers from the 3rd International Conference on Language Variation in Europe (ICLaVE 3), University of Amsterdam, 23-25 June 2005.Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. 265-276. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (ed.) (2005) Measuring Linguistic Diversity on the Internet. Paris: UNESCO. [URL] Accessed 14 December 2007Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Warschauer M., G. Said, and A. Zohry (2002) Language choice online: Globalization and identity in Egypt. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication 71 [URL] Accessed 5 May 2005.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wei, L., L. Milory, and P.S. Ching (2000) A two-step sociolinguistic analysis of code-switching and language choice: The example of a bilingual Chinese community in Britain. In L. Wei (ed.), pp. 188-209.
Wei, L. (ed.) (2000) The Bilingualism Reader. London: Routledge. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wright, S. (ed.) (2004) Multilingualism on the Internet. International Journal on Multicultural Societies 61 [URL] Accessed 17 December 2007Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Yang, G. (2003) The Internet and the rise of a transnational Chinese cultural sphere. Media, Culture and Society 251: 469-549.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Yates, S.J. (1996) Oral and written linguistic aspects of computer conferencing. In S. Herring (ed.), pp. 29-46.
Cited by (26)

Cited by 26 other publications

Romanowski, Piotr
2025. Digitally mediated code-switching in transnational families in Australia: Fathers and children. New Media & Society 27:1 ► pp. 297 ff. DOI logo
Tsiplakou, Stavroula
2025. Cyprus, English in. In The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of World Englishes, ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Goh, Ema & Hongchen Wu
2024. Code-switching in computer-mediated communication by Gen Z Japanese Americans. Linguistics Vanguard 10:1 ► pp. 615 ff. DOI logo
Karpava, Sviatlana
2024. Multilingual linguistic landscape of Cyprus. International Journal of Multilingualism 21:2 ► pp. 823 ff. DOI logo
Dickinson, Jennifer A.
2022. Introduction. Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) ► pp. 507 ff. DOI logo
Pérez-Sabater, Carmen
2022. Mixing Catalan, English and Spanish on WhatsApp. Spanish in Context 19:2 ► pp. 289 ff. DOI logo
Karatsareas, Petros
2021. From village talk to slang: the re-enregisterment of a non-standardised variety in an urban diaspora. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 42:9 ► pp. 827 ff. DOI logo
Gardner‐Chloros, Penelope
2020. Contact and Code‐Switching. In The Handbook of Language Contact, ► pp. 181 ff. DOI logo
Lising, Loy, Pam Peters & Adam Smith
2020. Code-switching in online academic discourse. English World-Wide. A Journal of Varieties of English 41:2 ► pp. 131 ff. DOI logo
Ndlangamandla, Sibusiso Clifford
2020. Language Alternation in Online Forums: English Monolingual Normativity and Multilingual Practices. Scrutiny2 25:1 ► pp. 43 ff. DOI logo
Dailey-O’Cain, Jennifer
2017. Language Ideologies, Multilingualism, and Social Media. In Trans-National English in Social Media Communities, ► pp. 23 ff. DOI logo
Fotiou, Constantina
2017. English–Greek code-switching in Greek Cypriot magazines and newspapers – an analysis of its textual forms and functions. Journal of World Languages 4:1 ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Fotiou, Constantina
2019. Debunking a myth: The Greek language in Cyprus is not being destroyed. A linguistic analysis of Cypriot Greek–English codeswitching. International Journal of Bilingualism 23:6 ► pp. 1358 ff. DOI logo
Georgalou, Mariza
2016. ‘I make the rules on my Wall’: Privacy and identity management practices on Facebook. Discourse & Communication 10:1 ► pp. 40 ff. DOI logo
Bucher, Claudia
2015. Code-switching in SMS communication. In Language Variation - European Perspectives V [Studies in Language Variation, 17], ► pp. 43 ff. DOI logo
Hillewaert, Sarah
2015. Writing with an Accent: Orthographic Practice, Emblems, and Traces on Facebook. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 25:2 ► pp. 195 ff. DOI logo
Hillewaert, Sarah
2022. Digital Orality? Reimagining and Reclaiming Vernacular Pronunciations Through Digitally Mediated Communication. In Digital Orality, ► pp. 33 ff. DOI logo
Themistocleous, Christiana
2015. Digital code-switching between Cypriot and Standard Greek: Performance and identity play online. International Journal of Bilingualism 19:3 ► pp. 282 ff. DOI logo
James, Allan R.
2014. English as a visual language. English Text Construction 7:1 ► pp. 18 ff. DOI logo
Seargeant, Philip & Caroline Tagg
2014. Introduction: The language of social media. In The Language of Social Media, ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Seargeant, Philip, Caroline Tagg & Wipapan Ngampramuan
2012. Language choice and addressivity strategies in Thai‐English social network interactions. Journal of Sociolinguistics 16:4 ► pp. 510 ff. DOI logo
Tagg, Caroline & Philip Seargeant
2012. Writing systems at play in Thai-English online interactions. Writing Systems Research 4:2 ► pp. 195 ff. DOI logo
Androutsopoulos, Jannis
2010. Localizing the Global on the Participatory Web. In The Handbook of Language and Globalization, ► pp. 201 ff. DOI logo
Androutsopoulos, Jannis
2015. Networked multilingualism: Some language practices on Facebook and their implications. International Journal of Bilingualism 19:2 ► pp. 185 ff. DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2016. Second-language Discourse in the Digital World [Language Learning & Language Teaching, 46], DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2018. Bibliographie. In Textos : assemblages hétérosémiotiques [Champs linguistiques, ], ► pp. 297 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 29 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue