Cover not available

Article published In: Pragmatics
Vol. 28:3 (2018) ► pp.361–390

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload PDF

An initial description of syntactic extensions in spoken Czech

 | University of Oulu
 | Czech Language Institute
Open Access logo
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 license.
Published online: 27 August 2018
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.17003.olo
Abstract
This paper aims to describe different patterns of syntactic extensions of turns-at-talk in mundane conversations in Czech. Within interactional linguistics, same-speaker continuations of possibly complete syntactic structures have been described for typologically diverse languages, but have not yet been investigated for Slavic languages. Based on previously established descriptions of various types of extensions (Vorreiter, Susanne. 2003. “Turn Continuations: Towards a Cross-Linguistic Classification.” Interaction and Linguistic Structures 391: 1–25.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar; Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth, and Tsuyoshi Ono. 2007. “‘Incrementing’ in Conversation. A Comparison of Practices in English, German and Japanese.” Pragmatics 171: 513–552. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar), our initial description shall therefore contribute to the cross-linguistic exploration of this phenomenon. While all previously described forms for continuing a turn-constructional unit seem to exist in Czech, some grammatical features of this language (especially free word order and strong case morphology) may lead to problems in distinguishing specific types of syntactic extensions. Consequently, this type of language allows for critically evaluating the cross-linguistic validity of the different categories and underlines the necessity of analysing syntactic phenomena within their specific action contexts.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
    • 1.1Turn extensions in various languages
    • 1.2Some basic grammatical features of Czech relevant for turn extension
    • 1.3Different types of syntactic extensions
    • 1.4Data
  • 2.Analysis
    • 2.1Non-add-ons
    • 2.2Add-ons
      • 2.2.1Replacements
      • 2.2.2Increments
        • 2.2.2.1Insertables
        • 2.2.2.2Glue-ons
        • 2.2.2.3Free constituents
  • 3.Discussion
    • 3.1The difference between replacements and glue-ons in Czech
    • 3.2The difference between glue-ons and insertables
    • 3.3TCU continuation vs. TCU extension in Czech
  • 4.Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
References (86)
References
Altmann, Hans. 1981. Formen der “Herausstellung” im Deutschen. Tübingen: Niemeyer. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Auer, Peter. 1991. “Vom Ende deutscher Sätze.” Zeitschrift für Germanistische Linguistik 191: 139–157. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1996. “On the Prosody and Syntax of Turn-Continuations.” In Prosody in Conversation. Interactional Studies, ed. by Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen, and Margret Selting, 57–100. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2005. “Projection in Interaction and Projection in Grammar.” Text 25 (1): 7–36. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2006. “Increments and More. Anmerkungen zur augenblicklichen Diskussion über die Erweiterbarkeit von Turnkonstruktionseinheiten.” In Grammatik und Interaktion. Untersuchungen zum Zusammenhang von grammatischen Strukturen und Gesprächsprozessen, ed. by Arnulf Deppermann, Reinhard Fiehler, and Thomas Spranz-Fogasy, 279–294. Radolfzell: Verlag für Gesprächsforschung.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2009. “On-line Syntax: Thoughts on the Temporality of Spoken Language.” Language Sciences 311: 1–13. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Auer, Peter, Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen, and Frank E. Müller (eds). 1999. Language in Time. The Rhythm and Tempo of Spoken Interaction. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Birkner, Karin, Sofie Henricson, Camilla Lindholm, et al. 2010. “Retraction Patterns and Self-Repair in German and Swedish Prepositional Phrases.” InLiSt – Interaction and Linguistic Structures 461: 1–32.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Bolden, Galina B. 2008. “Reopening Russian Conversations: The Discourse Particle -to and the Negotiation of Interpersonal Accountability in Closings.” Human Communication Research 341: 99–136. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
2016. “A Simple Da?: Affirming Responses to Polar Questions in Russian Conversation.” Journal of Pragmatics 1001: 40–58. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Čechová, Marie, Miloš Dokulil, Zdeněk Hlavsa, et al. 1996. Čeština: řeč a jazyk. Prague: ISV nakladatelství.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth. 2012. “Turn Continuation and Clause Combinations.” Discourse Processes 49 (3–4): 273–299. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cvrček, Václav, Vilém Kodýtek, Marie Kopřivová, et al. 2010. Mluvnice současné češtiny. 1: Jak se píše a jak se mluví. Prague: Karolinum.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Daneš, František (ed). 1974. Papers on Functional Sentence Perspective. Prague/The Hague/Paris: Academia/Mouton.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Daneš, František, Miroslav Grepl, and Zdeněk Hlavsa (eds). 1987. Mluvnice češtiny 31. Prague: Academia.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Field, Margaret. 2007. “Increments in Navajo Conversation.” Pragmatics 171: 637–646. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Firbas, Jan. 1992. Functional Sentence Perspective in Written and Spoken Communication. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ford, Cecilia E., Barbara A. Fox, and Sandra A. Thompson (eds). 2002. The Language of Turn and Sequence. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2002. “Constituency and the Grammar of Turn Increments.” In The Language of Turn and Sequence, ed. by Cecilia E. Ford, Barbara A. Fox, and Sandra A. Thompson, 14–38. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2013. “Units and/or Action Trajectories?” In Units of Talk – Units of Action, ed. by Beatrice Szczepek Reed, and Geoffrey Raymond, 13–55. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ford, Cecilia E., Sandra A. Thompson, and Veronika Drake. 2012. “Bodily-Visual Practices and Turn Continuation.” Discourse Processes 49 (3–4): 192–212. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Geluykens, Ronald. 1987. “Tails as a Repair Mechanism in English Conversations.” In Getting One’s Word into Line. On Word Order and Functional Grammar, ed. by Jan Nuyts, and George de Schutter, 119–130. Dordrecht: Foris. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1994. The Pragmatics of Discourse Anaphora in English: Evidence from Conversational Repair. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Goodwin, Charles. 1979. “The Interactive Construction of a Sentence in Natural Conversation.” In Everyday Language: Studies in Ethnomethodology, ed. by George Psathas, 97–121. New York: Irvington Publishers.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1981. Conversational Organization. Interaction between Speakers and Hearers. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Goodwin, Marjorie H. 1980. “Processes of Mutual Monitoring Implicated in the Production of Description Sequences.” Sociological Inquiry 501: 303–317. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Grepl, Miroslav, and Petr Karlík. 1985. Skladba spisovné češtiny. Prague: Státní pedagogické nakladatelství.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hajičová, Eva, Barbara H. Partee, and Petr Sgall (eds). 1998. Topic-Focus Articulation, Tripartite Structures, and Semantics Content. Dordrecht: Kluwer. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hakulinen, Auli, and Margret Selting (eds). 2005. Syntax and Lexis in Conversation. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hausenblas, Karel. 1958. “Syntaktická závislost, způsoby a prostředky jejího vyjadřování.” Bulletin Vysoké školy ruského jazyka 21: 23–51.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Havránek, Bohuslav, and Alois Jedlička. 1963. Česká mluvnice. Prague: Státní pedagogické nakladatelství.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hoffmannová, Jana, and Jiří Zeman. 2017. “Výzkum syntaxe mluvené češtiny: inventarizace problémů.” Slovo a slovenost 781: 45–66.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Horlacher, Anne-Sylvie. 2007. “La dislocation à droite comme ressource pour l’alternance des tours de parole: vers une syntaxe incrémentale.” Travaux neuchâtelois de linguistique 471: 117–136.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2015. La dislocation à droite revisitée. Une approche interactionniste. Louvain-la-Neuve: De Boeck Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hronek, Jiří, and Petr Sgall. 1992. Čeština bez příkras. Prague: H&H.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Im, Hangyeong. 2004. “Increments and Phonetic Analysis in Korean.” The Journal of Linguistics Science 11: 365–386.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Imo, Wolfgang. 2012. “Ellipsen, Inkremente und Fragmente aus interaktionaler Perspektive.” gidi Arbeitspapiere 451: 1–28.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Iwasaki, Shimako. 2009. “Initiating Interactive Turn Spaces in Japanese Conversation: Local Projection and Collaborative Action.” Discourse Processes 46 (2–3): 226–246. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Jefferson, Gail. 1973. “A Case of Precision Timing in Ordinary Conversation: Overlapped Tag-Positioned Address Terms in Closing Sequences.” Semiotica IX (1): 47–96.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1983. “Notes on Some Orderlinesses of Overlap Onset.” Tilburg Papers in Language and Literature 281: 1–28.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2004. “Glossary of Transcript Symbols with an Introduction.” In Conversation Analysis. Studies from the First Generation, ed. by Gene H. Lerner, 13–31. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kaderka, Petr, and Zdeňka Svobodová. 2006. “Jak přepisovat audiovizuální záznam rozhovoru? Manuál pro přepisovatele televizních diskusních pořadů.” Jazykovědné aktuality 43 (3–4): 18–51.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Karlík, Petr, Marek Nekula, and Zdenka Rusínová (eds). 1995. Příruční mluvnice češtiny. Prague: Nakladatelství Lidové noviny.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kim, Kyu-hyun. 2001. “Turn-Constructional Practice in Korean Conversation: Organization of Turn Increments.” Language Research 37 (4): 885–922.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kodýtek, Vilém. 2007. “Mluvená čeština v Praze a Brně: sonda do mluvených korpusů.” Slovo a slovesnost (11): 23–37.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Koike, Chisato. 2003. “An Analysis of Increments in Japanese Conversation in Terms of Syntax and Prosody.” In Japanese/Korean Linguistics 111, ed. by P. M. Clancy, 67–80. Stanford: CSLI.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Krekoski, Ross. 2012. “Clausal Continuations in Japanese.” Discourse Processes 49 (3–4): 300–313. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Laury, Ritva. 2012. “Syntactically Non-Integrated Finnish Jos ‘If’-Conditional Clauses as Directives.” Discourse Processes 49 (3–4): 213–242. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lindström, Jan. 2006. “Grammar in the Service of Interaction: Exploring Turn Organization in Swedish.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 39 (1): 81–117. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Luke, Kang-kwong. 2012. “Dislocation or Afterthought? – A Conversation Analytic Account of Incremental Sentences in Chinese.” Discourse Processes 49 (3–4): 338–365. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Luke, Kang-kwong, Sandra A. Thompson, and Tsuyoshi Ono. 2012. “Turns and Increments: A Comparative Perspective.” Discourse Processes 49 (3–4): 155–162. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mathesius, Vilém. 1939. “O tak zvaném aktuálním členění větném.” Slovo a slovesnost 51: 171–174.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1942. “Řeč a sloh.” In Čtení o jazyce a poezii, ed. by Bohuslav Havránek, and Jan Mukařovský, 11–102. Prague: Družstevní práce.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Mondada, Lorenza. 2013. “Multimodal Interaction.” In Body – Language – Communication: An International Handbook on Multimodality in Human Interaction, ed. by Cornelia Müller, Alan Cienki, Ellen Fricke et al., 577–589. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 2015. “Multimodal Completions.” In Temporality in Interaction, ed. by Arnulf Deppermann, and Susanne Günthner, 267–307. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Naughton, James. 2005. Czech. An Essential Grammar. London/New York: Routledge.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Nekvapil, Jiří. 1991. “The Syntactic Process of Parcellation and Supplementation and Their Results: Parcellated Formations and Supplemented Formations.” In Neue Fragen der Linguistik. Akten des 25. linguistischen Kolloquiums, Paderborn 1990, ed. by Elisabeth Feldbusch, Reiner Pogarell, and Cornelia Weiss, 329–333. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
. 1993. “On the Asymmetry between Syntactic and Elementary Textual Units.” In Studies in Functional Stylistics, ed. by J. Chloupek, and Jiri Nekvapil, 186–222. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ochs, Elinor, Emanuel A. Schegloff, and Sandra A. Thompson (eds). 1996. Interaction and Grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ogiermann, E., and Jörg Zinken. 2011. “How to Propose an Action as Objectively Necessary: the Case of Polish Trzeba x (“one needs to x”).” Research on Language & Social Interaction 44 (3): 263–287. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Ono, Tsuyoshi, and Sandra Thompson. 1994. “Unattached NPs in English Conversation.” Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 20 (1): 402–419. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Panevová, Jarmila, Eva Hajičová, Václava Kettnerová, et al. 2014. Mluvnice současné češtiny. 2: Syntax češtiny na základě anotovaného korpusu. Prague: Karolinum.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sacks, Harvey, Emanuel A. Schegloff, and Gail Jefferson. 1974. “A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn-Taking for Conversation.” Language 501: 696–735. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Schegloff, Emanuel A. 1972. “Notes on a Conversational Practice: Formulating Place.” In Studies in Social Interaction, ed. by David Sudnow, 75–119. New York: MacMillan, The Free Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
1987. “Recycled Turn Beginnings: A Precise Repair Mechanism in Conversation’s Turn-taking Organization.” In Talk and Social Organization, ed. by Graham Button, and John R. E. Lee, 70–85. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
1996. “Turn Organization: One Intersection of Grammar and Interaction.” In Interaction and Grammar, ed. by Elinor Ochs, Emanuel A. Schegloff, and Sandra A. Thompson, 52–133. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
2000a. “On Turns’ Possible Completion, More or Less: Increments and Trail-offs.” Paper delivered at the 1st Euroconference on Interactional Linguistics (Spa, Belgium).
2000b. “Overlapping Talk and the Organization of Turn-Taking for Conversation.” Language in Society 29 (1): 1–63. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
2001. “Conversation Analysis: A Project in Process – ‘Increments’.” Forum lecture delivered at the LSA Linguistic Institute, University of California Santa Barbara: 1–22.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Selting, Margret. 1994. “Konstruktionen am Satzrand als interaktive Ressource in natürlichen Gesprächen.” In Was determiniert Wortstellungsvariation? Studien zu einem Interaktionsfeld von Grammatik, Pragmatik und Sprachtypologie, ed. by Brigitta Haftka, 229–318. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Selting, Margret, and Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen (eds). 2001. Studies in Interactional Linguistics. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Selting, Margret, Peter Auer, Dagmar Barth-Weingarten, et al. 2009. “Gesprächsanalytisches Transkriptionssystem 2 (GAT 2).” Gesprächsforschung Online 101: 353–402.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Seppänen, Eeva-Leena, and Ritva Laury. 2007. “Complement Clauses as Turn Continuations: The Finnish et(tä)-Clause.” Pragmatics 171: 553–572. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sgall, Petr. 1982. “Zur Typologie der Thema-Rhema-Gliederung.” In Studien zum Tschechischen, Slowakischen und Deutschen aus vergleichender Sicht, ed. by Gert Jäger, Václav Křístek, and Jozef Mistrík, 173–185. Leipzig: Karl-Marx-Universität.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Sidnell, Jack. 2012. “Turn-Continuation by Self and by Other.” Discourse Processes 49 (3–4): 314–337. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Tanaka, Hiroko. 2000. “Turn Projection in Japanese Talk-in-Interaction.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 33 (1): 1–38. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Thielemann, Nadine, and Peter Kosta (eds). 2013. Approaches to Slavic Interaction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Townsend, Charles E. 1990. A Description of Spoken Prague Czech. Columbus: Slavica Publishers.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Vorreiter, Susanne. 2003. “Turn Continuations: Towards a Cross-Linguistic Classification.” Interaction and Linguistic Structures 391: 1–25.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Walker, Gareth. 2004. “On Some Interactional and Phonetic Properties of Increments to Turns in Talk-in-Interaction.” In Sound Patterns in Interaction. Cross-linguistic Studies from Conversation, ed. by Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen, and Cecilia E. Ford, 147–169. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wilson, James. 2010. Moravians in Prague. A Sociolinguistic Study of Dialect Contact in the Czech Republic. Frankfurt/Berlin/Brussels: Peter Lang.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Zhang, Wei. 2012. “Latching/Rush-Through as a Turn-Holding Device and its Functions in Retrospectively Oriented Pre-Emptive Turn Continuation: Findings from Mandarin Conversation.” Discourse Processes 49 (3–4): 163–191. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Zinken, Jörg, and Eva Ogiermann. 2013. “Responsibility and Action: Invariants and Diversity in Requests for Objects in British English and Polish Interaction.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 46 (3): 256–276. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cited by (4)

Cited by four other publications

Oloff, Florence
2022. The Particle Jako (“Like”) in Spoken Czech: From Expressing Comparison to Mobilizing Affiliative Responses. Frontiers in Psychology 12 DOI logo
Oloff, Florence
2024. Request for confirmation sequences in Czech. Open Linguistics 10:1 DOI logo
Pekarek Doehler, Simona, Hilla Polak-Yitzhaki, Xiaoting Li, Ioana Maria Stoenica, Martin Havlík & Leelo Keevallik
2021. Multimodal Assemblies for Prefacing a Dispreferred Response: A Cross-Linguistic Analysis. Frontiers in Psychology 12 DOI logo
Pekarek Doehler, Simona, Yael Maschler, Leelo Keevallik & Jan Lindström
2020. Complex syntax-in-interaction. In Emergent Syntax for Conversation [Studies in Language and Social Interaction, 32], ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 29 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue