Article published In: Pragmatics
Vol. 16:2/3 (2006) ► pp.361–398
Turn-taking in Japanese television interviews
A study on interviewers’ strategies
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 license.
Published online: 1 June 2006
https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.16.2-3.05tan
https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.16.2-3.05tan
Despite interviewers having a wide range of strategies to elicit talk, English language interviewers overwhelmingly use syntactic questions. In contrast, most turns in Japanese semi-formal television interviews end in non-interrogative forms, and other methods are used to achieve smooth turn yielding. This study looks at the interviewers’ turns and examines how interviewees recognize turn-yielding. It argues that interviewers prefer using interviewing strategies other than canonical question forms to avoid any possible FTA (face threatening act).
Keywords: Question, Conversation analysis, Television interviews, Turn-taking, Japanese
References (96)
Athanasiadou, Angeliki (1991) The discourse function of questions. Pragmatics 1.11: 107–122. BoP
Atkinson, J. Maxwell, and Paul Drew (1979) Order in the court: The organization of verbal interaction in judicial settings. London: Macmillan.
Bilmes, Jack (1999) Questions, answers, and the organization of talk in the 1992 vice presidential debate: Fundamental considerations. Research on Language and Social Interaction 32.3: 213–242. BoP
Brown, Penelope, and Steven Levinson (1987) Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bull, Peter (1994) On identifying questions, replies, and non-replies in political interviews. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 13.2: 115–31. BoP
Button, Graham (1992) Answers as interactional products: Two sequential practices used in job interviews. In P. Drew and J. Heritage (eds.), Talk at work. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 212–231
Clayman, Steven (1993) Reformulating the question: A device for answering/not answering questions in news interviews and press conferences. Text 131: 159–188. BoP
Clayman, Steve (1992) Footing in the achievement of neutrality: The case of news interviews discourse. In P. Drew and J. Heritage (eds.), Talk at word: Interaction in institutional settings. pp. 163–98.
Clayman, Steven, and John Heritage (2002) The news interview: Journalists and public figures on the air. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. BoP
Coates, Jennifer (1996) Women talk. Oxford and Cambridge: Blackwell. BoP
Cook, Haruko M. (1990) The sentence-final particle ‘ne’ as a tool for cooperation in Japanese conversation. In Koji Hajime (ed.), Japanese and Korean Linguistics Vol 1. Stanford: Stanford Linguistics Center, pp. 29–45.
Drew, Paul (1992) Contested evidence in a courtroom cross-examination: The case of a trial for rape. In P. Drew and J. Heritage (eds.), Talk at work. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 470–520. BoP
Drummond, Kent, and Robert Hopper (1993) Back channels revisited: Acknowledgement tokens and speakership incipiency. Research on Language and Social Interaction 26.2: 157–177. BoP
Ford, Cecilia, and Junko Mori (1994) Causal markers in Japanese and English conversations: A cross linguistic study of interactional grammar. Pragmatics 4.1: 31–61. BoP
Ford, Cecilia, and Sandra A. Thompson (1996) Interactional units in conversation: Syntactic, intonational and pragmatic resources for the management of turns. In E. Ochs, E. Schegloff and S. A. Thompson (eds.), Interaction and grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 134–84. BoP
Fox, Barbara, Hayashi Makoto, and Robert Jasperson (1996) Resources and repair: A cross-linguistic study of syntax and repair. In E. Ochs, E. Schegloff and S.A. Thompson (eds.), Interaction and grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 185–238.
Furo, Hiroko (2001) Turn-taking in English and Japanese. Projectability in grammar, intonation and semantics. London: Routledge. BoP
Gnisi, Augusto, and Marino Bonaiuto (2003) Grilling politicians. Politicians’ answers to questions in television interviews and courtroom examinations. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 22.4: 385–413. BoP
Gnisi, Augusto, and Clotilde Potencorvo (2004) The organization of questions and answers in the thematic phases of hostile examination: Turn-by-turn manipulation of meaning. Journal of Pragmatics 36.5: 965–995.
Greatbatch, David L. (1986a) Aspects of topical organisation in news interviews: The use of agenda shifting procedures by interviewees. Media, Culture and Society 81: 441–445.
. (1986b) Some standard uses of supplementary questions in news interview. In J. Wilson & B. Crow (eds.), Belfast Working Papers in Language and Linguistics Vol. 8.Jordanstown, Northern Ireland: University of Ulster, pp. 86–123.
. (1988) A turn-taking system for British news interviews. Language in Society 171: 401–430. BoP
. (1992) On the management of disagreement between news interviewers. In P. Drew & J. Heritage (eds.), Talk at work. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 268–301.
Goody, Esther N. (1978) Questions and politeness strategies in social interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. BoP
Harre, Rom, and Grant Gillet (1994) The discursive mind. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. BoP
Have, Paul ten (1999) Doing conversation analysis. A practical guide. London: Sage. BoP
Hayashi, Makoto (1997) An exploration of sentence-final uses of the quotative particle in Japanese spoken discourse. In H. Sohn and J. Haig (eds.), Japanese and Korean Linguistics. Vol. 61.Stanford: CSLI, 565–581.
(2003) Joint utterance construction in Japanese conversation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. BoP
Heritage, John (1985) Analyzing news interviews: Aspects of the production of talk for an overhearing audience. In T.A. van Dijk (ed.), Handbook of discourse analysis Vol. 31.New York: Academic, pp. 95–119.
Heritage John (1995) Conversation Analysis: Methodological aspects. In U. Quastoff (ed.), Aspects of oral communication. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 391– 418.
Heritage, John (2002) The limits of questioning: Negative interrogatives and hostile question content. Journal of Pragmatics 341: 1427–1446. BoP
Heritage, John, and David L. Greatbatch (1991) On the institutional character of institutional talk: The case of news interviews. In D. Boden & D.H. Zimmerman (eds.), Talk and social structure. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 93–127.
Heritage, John, and Andrew L. Roth (1995) Grammar and institution: Questions and questioning in the broadcast news interview. Research on Language and Social Interaction 28.1: 1–60. BoP
Hinds, John (1976) Aspects of Japanese discourse. Tokyo: Kaitakusha. BoP
Honda, Atsuko (2002) Conflict management in Japanese public affairs talk shows. Journal of Pragmatics 34.5: 573–608. BoP
Hutchby, Ian (1996) Confrontation talk: Arguments, asymmetries, and power on talk radio. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Itakura, Hiroko (2001) Conversational dominance and gender: A study of Japanese speakers in first and second language contexts. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Conpany. BoP
Jefferson, Gail (1973) A case of precision timing in ordinary conversation: Overlapped tag-positioned address terms in closing sequences. Semiotica 9.1: 47–96. BoP
Jucker, Andreas (1986) News interviews: A pragmalinguistics analysis. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Kabaya, Hiroshi (1993) Taigu hyoogen ni okeru shooryaku (Ellipsis in polite expressions). Nihongogaku 12.9: 27–33.
Kamio, Akio (1994) The theory of territory of information: The case of Japanese. Journal of Pragmatics. 21.1: 67–100. BoP
Labov, William, and David Fanshel (1977) Therapeutic discourse. New York: Academic Press. BoP
Macaulay, Marcia (1996) Asking to ask: The strategic function of indirect requests for information in news interviews. Pragmatics 6.4: 491–509. BoP
Makino, Seichi, and Michio Tsutsui (1992) A dictionary of basic Japanese grammar. 11th edition. Tokyo: The Japan Times.
Masuoka, Takashi, Yoshio Nitta, Takao Gunji, and Satoshi Kinsui (1997) Bunpoo (Grammar). Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten.
McGloin, Naomi H. (1998)
Hai and ee: An interactional analysis. In N. Akatsuka, H. Hoji, S. Iwasaki, S. Sohn and S. Strauss (eds.), Japanese and Korean Linguistics. Vol. 71.Stanford: CSLI, 105–120.
Maynard, Douglas (1992) On clinicians co-implicating recipients’ perspective in the delivery of diagnostic news. In P. Drew and J. Heritage (eds.), Talk at work. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 331–358.
Maynard, Senko (1995) Interrogatives that seek no answers: Exploring the expressiveness of rhetorical interrogatives in Japanese. Linguistics 33.3 (337): 501–530. BoP
(1989) Self-contextualization through structure and interactional management. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex Publishing Company.
Murata, Kumiko (1994) Intrusive or co-operative? A cross-cultural study of interruption. Journal of Pragmatics 211: 385–400. BoP
Mori, Junko (1999) Negotiating agreement and disagreement in Japanese. Connective expressions and turn construction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. BoP
Nakada, Seichi (1980) Aspects of interrogative structure: A case study from English and Japanese. Tokyo: Kaitakusha.
Nakajima, Etsuko (1997) Gimon hyoogen no yoosoo (An aspect of interrogative expressions). In Gendai nihongo kenkyuukai (Modern Japanese research group). Josei no kotoba. Shokubahen. (Women and Language. At the workplace). Tokyo: Hitsuji Shobo, pp. 59–82.
Nitta, Yoshio (1995) Nihongo no Modaritii to ninshoo (Japanese modality and personal pronouns). Tokyo: Hitsuji Shobo.
Nylund, Matts (2003) Asking questions, making sound-bites: Research reports, interviews and television news stories. Discourse Studies Vol. 5.4: 517–533.
Ono Tsuyoshi, and Yoshida Eri (1996) A Study of co-construction in Japanese: We don’t finish each others’ sentences. In N. Akatsuka, S. Iwasaki and S. Strauss (eds.), Japanese/Korean Linguistics Vol 51. Stanford: CSLI, pp. 115–129.
Okamoto, Shigeko (1985) Ellipsis in Japanese discourse. Unpublished PhD dissertation. University of California.
Oshima, Hiroko (2001) Les particules finales japonaises: Etude de ka
. Faits des Langues 171: 273–284.
Park, Yong-Yae (1998) A discourse analysis of contrastive connectives in English, Korean, and Japanese conversation: With special reference to the context of dispreferred responses. In J. Andreas and Y. Ziv (eds.), Discourse markers: Descriptions and theory.Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 277-300.
Pomerantz, Anita (1980) Telling my side: “limited access” as a “fishing” device. Sociological Inquiry 501: 186–198.
Roth, Andrew, and David Olsher (1997) Some standard uses of “what about”-prefaced questions in the broadcast news interview. Issues in Applied Linguistics 9.1: 3–25.
Sacks, Harvey, Emanuel Schegloff, and Gail Jefferson (1974) A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language 50.4: 696–735. BoP
Schegloff, Emanuel (1984) On questions and ambiguities in conversation. In J.M. Atkinson and J.Heritage (eds.), Structures on social action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 28–53.
(1993) Reflections on quantification in the study of conversation. Research on Language and Social Interaction 26.1: 99–128. BoP
(2000) Overlapping talk and the organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language in Society 29, 1, Mar: 1–66. BoP
Schiffrin, Deborah (1987) Discourse markers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. BoP
Shinzato, Rumiko (2002) Cognition, epistemic scale, and functions of the old Japanese question particle ka
. Linguistics 40.30: 553–578. BoP
Takagi, Tomoyo (1999) “Questions” in argumentative sequences in Japanese. Human Studies 321: 397–423.
Tanaka, Hiroko (1999) Turn taking in Japanese conversation. A study on grammar and interaction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
(2000) The particle ne as a turn-management device in Japanese conversation. Journal of Pragmatics 321: 1135–1176. BoP
(2001) Adverbials for turn-projection in Japanese: Towards as demystification of the telepathic mode of communication. Language in Society 301: 559–587.
Tanaka, Lidia (2004) Gender, language and culture: A study of Japanese television interview discourse. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. BoP
Tanaka, Noriko (2001) The pragmatics of uncertainty: Its realisation and interpretation in English and Japanese. Tokyo: Shumpuusha. BoP
Teramura, Hideo (1982) Nihongo no shintakkusu to imi I. (Meaning and syntax in Japanese). Tokyo: Kuroshio.
Tsuchihashi, Mika (1983) The speech act continuum: An investigation of Japanese sentence final particles. Journal of Pragmatics 71: 361–387. BoP
White, Sheila (1989) Backchannels across cultures: A study of Americans and Japanese. Language in Society 181: 59–76.
West, Candance (1984) Routine complications: Trouble with talk between doctors and patients. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
West, Candance, and Don Zimmerman (1983) Small insults; a study of interruptions in cross-sex conversations between unacquainted persons. In B. Thorne, C. Kramarae and N. Henley (eds.), Language, gender and society.Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House, pp. 102–117.
Wilson, Thomas (1991) Social structure and the sequential organization of interaction. In D. Boden and D. Zimmerman (eds.), Talk and social structure. Cambridge: Polity Press, pp. 22–43.
Yamada, Tomiaki (1995) Kaiwa bunseki no hoohoo (Conversation analysis methodology). In T. Inoue, C. Ueno, M. Oosawa, S. Mita and S. Yoshimi (eds.), Tasha, kankei, komyuunikeeshoon (The others, relations, communication).Tokyo: Iwanami, pp. 121–136.
Yokota, Mariko (1994) The role of questioning in Japanese political discourse. Issues in Applied Linguistics Vol. 5.2: 353–382.
Zimmerman, Don and Deidre Boden (1991) Talk and social structure. Cambridge: Polity Press. BoP
Cited by (3)
Cited by three other publications
Nakamura, Momoko
2021. Constructing interrupting inquiries as cooperative interactions. In Questioning and Answering Practices across Contexts and Cultures [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 323], ► pp. 167 ff.
Tanaka, Lidia
2021. Japanese politicians’ questions in parliament. In Questioning and Answering Practices across Contexts and Cultures [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 323], ► pp. 71 ff.
Tanaka, Lidia
2022. Advice in Japanese radio phone-in counselling. Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) ► pp. 251 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 29 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
