Cover not available

Article published In: Pragmatics
Vol. 15:2/3 (2005) ► pp.169–203

Get fulltext from our e-platform
JBE logo with link
PDF logo with download linkDownload PDF

Speech levels, social predicates and pragmatic structure in Balinese

A lexical approach

Open Access logo
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 license.
Published online: 1 June 2005
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.15.2-3.02ark
This paper will account for the interaction between syntax and semantics/pragmatics in the speech styles of Balinese. The analysis makes use of an explicit representation that accounts for the co-occurrence restrictions on linguistic expressions which are imposed by social information associated with the speech- level system. It is proposed that social information be treated in terms of social predicates and modelled using LFG-style parallel structures. The social predicates are contained in what is called pragmatic-structure (prag-str). It is demonstrated that this approach can account for the plain as well as the (dis)honouring use of linguistic forms in Balinese.
References (37)
Ananda Kusuma, S.R. (1986) Kamus bahasa Bali. Denpasar: CV Kayumas.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Arka, I Wayan (2003) Balinese morphosyntax: A lexical-functional approach. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(1998) From morphosyntax to pragmatics in Balinese. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Sydney.
Artawa, I Ketut (1994) Ergativity and Balinese syntax. Ph.D. thesis, La Trobe University.
Barber, C.C. (1977) A grammar of the Balinese language vol. I and II1. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Beratha, Ni Luh Sutjiati (1992) Evolution of verbal morphology in Balinese. Ph.D. dissertation, Australian National University.
Bresnan, Joan (1982) Control and complementation. In J. Bresnan (ed.), The mental representation of grammatical relations. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, pp. 282-390.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(2001) Lexical functional syntax. London: Blackwell.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Brown, Penelope, and Stephen C. Levinson (1987) Politeness: Some universals in language use. London: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Choi, Hye-Won (1996) Optimizing structure in context: Scrambling and information structure. Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University.
Clynes, Adrian (1989) Speech styles in Javanese and Balinese: A comparative study. MA thesis, Australian National University.
(1995) Topics in the phonology and morphosyntax of Balinese. Ph.D. dissertation, Australian National University.
Comrie, Bernard (1975) Polite plurals and predicate agreement. Language 511: 406-418. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Dalrymple, Mary (2001) Syntax and semantics, vol 34: Lexical functional grammar. San Diego: Academic Press. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Eun, Jong Oh, and Susan Strauss (2004) The primacy of information status in the alternation between deferential and polite forms in Korean public discourse. Language Sciences 251-272.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Falk, Yehuda N. (2001) Lexical-functional grammar. Stanford: CSLI.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Foley, William A. (1994) Information Structure. In R.E. Asher & J.M.Y. Simpson (eds.), The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp. 1678-1685.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Givón, Talmy (1990) Syntax: A functional-typological introduction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
(1995) Functionalism and grammar. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Goris, Roelof (1954) Prasasti Bali. Bandung: Lembaga Bahasa dan Budaya / Masa Baru.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Hunter, Thomas Marshall (1988) Balinese language: Historical background and contemporary state. Ph.D. thesis: Michigan University.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kathol, Andreas (1999) Agreement and the syntax-morphology interface in HPSG. In Robert D. Levine and Georgia M. Green (eds.), Studies in contemporary phrase structure grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.223-274.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Keenan, Edward L., and Bernard Comrie (1977) Noun phrase accessibility and universal grammar. Linguistic Inquiry 81: 63-99.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Kersten, J. (1970) Tatabahasa Bali. Flores: Arnoldus.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson (1980) Metaphors we live by. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Leech, Geoffrey N. (1983) Principles of pragmatics. London: Longman.  BoPGoogle Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Levinson, Stephen C. (1983) Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  BoP. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Lyons, John (1986) Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Morgan, J.L. (1978) Two types of conventions in indirect speech acts. In P. Cole (ed.), Syntax and semantics: Pragmatics.New York: Academic Press, pp. 261-280.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Oka Granoka, I.W., I.B. Udara Naryana, I.W. Jendra, I.N. Medra, I.G.N. Putra Yasa, and I.W. Bawa (1985). Tata bahasa Bali. Denpasar: Proyek Pengembangan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Park, Byong-Soo (1991). The semantic and pragmatic nature of honorific agreement in Korean. Paper presented at The Sixth Japanese-Korean Conference on Formal Linguistics.
Pastika, I Wayan (1999) Voice selection in Balinese narrative discourse. Ph.D. thesis, Australian National University.
Pollard, Carl, and Ivan A. Sag (1994) Head-driven phrase structure grammar. California: CSLI P and University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Simpen, I Wayan (1985) Kamus bahasa Bali. Denpasar: PT Mabhakti.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Traugott, Elizabeth Closs, and Ekkehard Köenig (1991) The semantics-pragmatics of grammaticalization revisited. In E.C. Traugott and B. Heine (eds), Approaches to grammaticalization, volume 1. Amsterdam, John Benjamins, pp. 189-218. Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Wang, Hahn-Sok (1990) Toward a description of the organisation of Korean speech levels. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 821: 25-39.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Warna, I Wayan, et al.. (1993) Kamus Bali-Indonesia. Denpasar: Dinas Pendidikan Dasar Propinsi Dati I Bali.Google Scholar logo with link to Google Scholar
Cited by (10)

Cited by ten other publications

Krifka, Manfred
2025. Self-talk and syntactic structure. Theoretical Linguistics 51:3-4 ► pp. 291 ff. DOI logo
Udayana, I Nyoman, Gede Primahadi Wijaya Rajeg & Ida Ayu Made Puspani
2025. The (non)canonical status of the ka- passive in Balinese. Linguistics Vanguard DOI logo
Booth, Hannah & Kim A. Groothuis
2024. Discourse-related expletives: Challenges and opportunities. Open Linguistics 10:1 DOI logo
Adnyani, Ni Luh Putu Sri & Ni Komang Arie Suwastini
2023. Language and Power in Various Social Contexts. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Languages and Arts across Cultures (ICLAAC 2022), ► pp. 86 ff. DOI logo
Yamada, Akitaka
2023. Honorificity. In The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Morphology, ► pp. 1 ff. DOI logo
Arka, I Wayan
2019. Grammatical relations in Balinese. In Argument Selectors [Typological Studies in Language, 123], ► pp. 257 ff. DOI logo
Song, Sanghoun, Jae-Woong Choe & Eunjeong Oh
2019. An empirical study of honorific mismatches in Korean. Language Sciences 75 ► pp. 47 ff. DOI logo
Arka, I Wayan & Mary Dalrymple
2017. Nominal, pronominal, and verbal number in Balinese. Linguistic Typology 21:2 DOI logo
Arka, I Wayan & Nurenzia Yannuar
2016. On the morphosyntax and pragmatics of-inin Colloquial Jakartan Indonesian. Indonesia and the Malay World 44:130 ► pp. 342 ff. DOI logo
de Vos, Connie & Roland Pfau
2015. Sign Language Typology: The Contribution of Rural Sign Languages. Annual Review of Linguistics 1:1 ► pp. 265 ff. DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 29 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.

Mobile Menu Logo with link to supplementary files background Layer 1 prag Twitter_Logo_Blue