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Article published In: Pragmatics
Vol. 28:2 (2018) ► pp.271–302

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Nationalism and gender in the representation of non-Japanese characters’ speech in contemporary Japanese novels

 | Macalester University, United States
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Available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 license.
Published online: 7 May 2018
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https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.00008.suz
Abstract
This study demonstrates that two types of language ideologies (linguistic nationalism and feminine language normativity) influence how Japanese contemporary novels represent non-Japanese characters’ speech. It investigates the role of gender and observes that novelists only infrequently assign highly gendered utterance-final forms to non-Japanese characters when they speak in Japanese. This tendency is more salient among the representations of male non-Japanese characters. Masculine expressions seem to belong to a set of linguistic resources that are considered available only to the Japanese. This exclusivism, i.e., linguistic nationalism, might explain the lack of highly masculine forms among non-Japanese characters in novels. As for the relatively frequent assignment of gendered language for female characters, the normativity of feminine language makes it part of the basic language of all female speakers including non-Japanese individuals. In addition, feminine expressions are not as strongly associated with authenticity as masculine expressions.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
    • 1.1Language ideologies
    • 1.2Why study representations?
    • 1.3Why study the speech of non-Japanese characters?
  • 2.Previous scholarship
  • 3.Data
  • 4.Gender and non-Japanese characters’ speech
  • 5.Linguistic nationalism and the lack of gendered forms in male non-Japanese characters’ speech in Japanese
  • 6.The norm of feminine language and non-Japanese characters
  • 7.Concluding remarks
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • Data references (The novels mentioned in the text are marked with an asterisk)
  • References
References (119)
Data references (The novels mentioned in the text are marked with an asterisk)
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