Article published In: Pedagogical Linguistics: Online-First Articles
Prosody for teaching French as a foreign language
First steps in identifying needs among teachers
Published online: 22 April 2025
https://doi.org/10.1075/pl.24015.fel
https://doi.org/10.1075/pl.24015.fel
Abstract
Prosody, with its core elements the melody and timing of speech, is one of the aspects learners often struggle
with when learning foreign languages in its spoken form. The teaching of prosody is however still largely overlooked — even though
prosodic knowledge would help to improve learners’ comprehensibility. The present contribution concentrates on prosody teaching of
French as a foreign language in Germany. We present the results of semi-structured interviews conducted with five experienced
teachers of different regions in Germany. Our aim is to explore the needs among the foreign-language teachers. The teachers
reported a rather marginal treatment of prosody, focusing instead on lexis and morpho-syntax in their teaching practice.
Concurrently, all of them considered the relevance of prosodic topics as medium to high. We discuss several reasons for this
discrepancy including issues of university education as well as quality of textbooks. The teachers also expressed the need to
receive input on how to apply prosodic content in the classroom. This includes (a) comprehensible and didactically reduced
teaching materials, (b) criteria for grading prosodic skills, (c) authentic audio material, and (d) in-service training. Finally,
we present several ideas on how to make linguistic findings on prosody accessible for the foreign-language classroom.
Keywords: L2 Prosody, Teaching, French, German, Interviews, Needs analysis
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 1.1The relevance of prosody in spoken communication
- 1.2The relevance of prosody in a teaching context
- 2.Interviews
- 2.1Participants
- 2.2Methodology
- 2.3Results
- 3.Resources and ideas
- 3.1Phonetic learner corpora
- 3.2Intonation atlases
- 3.3Platforms for exchange
- 3.4Teaching materials
- 4.Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- Notes
References
References (89)
Abel, C. (2018). Ausspracheschulung.
Erhebung der Kompetenzen, Überzeugungen und Praktiken von
Französischlehrkräften. Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto.
Akker, E., & Cutler, A. (2003). Prosodic
cues to semantic structure in native and nonnative listening. Bilingualism: Language and
Cognition, 6(2), 81–96.
Anderson-Hsieh, J., & Koehler, K. (1988). The
effect of foreign accent and speaking rate on native speaker comprehension. Language
Learning, 38(4), 561–613.
Arvaniti, A. (2022). The
autosegmental-metrical model of intonational phonology. In J. Barnes & S. Shattuck-Hufnagel (Eds.), Prosodic
theory and
practice (pp. 24–64). MIT Press.
Baills, F., Alazard-Guiu, C., & Prieto, P. (2022). Embodied
prosodic training helps improve accentedness and suprasegmental accuracy. Applied
Linguistics, 43(4), 766–804.
Baker, A. A. (2011). Pronunciation
pedagogy: Second language teacher cognition and
practice. Dissertation, Georgia State University.
Ballier, N., Méli, A., Arnold, T., & Henserson, A. (2022). Revisiting
paratone prosodic features with the EIIDA corpus. Proceedings of the International Conference
on Speech Prosody 2022, 450–454.
Beckman, M. E., & Hirschberg, J. (1994). The
ToBI annotation conventions. Ohio State University. [URL]
Benazzo, S., Dimroth, C., & Santiago, F. (2021). Additive
linking in L2 French discourse by German
learners. Languages, 6, 1(20).
Brown, J. D. (2009). Foreign
and second language needs analysis. In M. H. Long & C. J. Doughty (Eds.), The
handbook of language
teaching (pp. 269–293). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Bürgel, C., & Siepmann, D. (2025). Digitalisierung
als Wunderwaffe. FAZ, Januray 02,
2025. [URL]
Cantone, K. (2020). Immigrant
minority language maintenance in Europe. International Multilingual Research
Journal, 14(2), 100–113.
CEFR (2001). Common European framework of
reference for languages. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. Retrieved October 22,
2024, from [URL]
(2020). Common European framework of
reference for languages. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. Retrieved October 22,
2024, from [URL]
Christophe, A., Gout, A., Peperkamp, S., & Morgan, J. (2003). Discovering
words in the continuous speech stream: The role of prosody. Journal of
Phonetics, 31(3), 585–598.
Christophe, A., Peperkamp, S., Pallier, C., Block, E., & Mehler, J. (2004). Phonological
phrase boundaries constrain lexical access I. Adult data. Journal of Memory and
Language, 51(4), 523–547.
Chun, D. M. (1988). The
neglected role of intonation in communicative competence and proficiency. The Modern Language
Journal, 72(3), 295–303.
Chun, D., & Levis, J. M. (2020). Prosody
in L2 teaching: Methodologies and effectiveness. In C. Gussenhoven & A. Chen (Eds.), The
Oxford handbook of language
prosody (pp. 619–630). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cutler, A. (1982). Prosody
and sentence perception in English. In J. Mehler, E. C. Walker, & M. Garrett (Eds.), Perspectives
on mental representation: Experimental and theoretical studies of cognitive processes and
capacities (pp. 201–216). Hillsdale, N.J: Erlbaum. [URL]
Cutler, A., & Norris, D. (1988). The
role of strong syllables in segmentation for lexical access. Journal of Experimental
Psychology. Human Perception and
Performance, 14(1), 113–121.
Delais-Roussarie, E., Post, B., Avanzi, M., C. Buthke, Di Cristo, A., Feldhausen, I., Jun, S.-A., Martin, P., Meisenburg, T., Rialland, A., Sichel-Bazin, R., & Yoo, H. (2015). Intonational
phonology of French: Developing a ToBI system for French. In S. Frota & P. Prieto (Eds.), Intonation
in
Romance (pp. 63–100). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Derwing, T. M., & Munro, J. M. (2005). Second
language accent and pronunciation teaching. TESOL
Quartely, 39(3), 379–397.
Derwing, T. M., & Munro, M. J. (2015). Pronunciation
fundamentals: Evidence-based perspectives for L2 teaching and
research. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Dupoux, E., Pallier, C., Sebastian, N., & Mehler, J. (1997). A
destressing ‘deafness’ in French? Journal of Memory and
Language, 36(3), 406–421.
Elvira-García, W. (2016). La
entonación en el aula de ELE. In N. Baulenas & B. Montmany (Eds.), Dossier
del XXV encuentro práctico de profesores de
ELE (pp. 41–47). Barcelona: Difusión Publishing Company and International House.
Feldhausen, I. (2021). Sprachatlanten
in Forschung und Lehre — Zum Gewinn interaktiver Intonationsatlanten für Sprachwissenschaft und fremdsprachlichen (Spanisch-
und Französisch-)Unterricht. Zeitschrift für Romanische Sprachen und ihre
Didaktik, 15(1), 87–124.
(2022). Pedagogical
linguistics in Romance. Isogloss - Open Journal of Romance Linguistics, 8(5), 1–39.
Feldhausen, I., & Garcia Sánchez, I. (2023). La
enseñanza de la estructura informativa en el español como lengua de
herencia. In Marta Garcia (Ed.), El
español como lengua de
herencia (pp. 163–181). Peter Lang Publishing.
Feldhausen, I., Elsig, M., Krieger, S., Kupisch, T., & Pešková, A. (forthcoming). Grammar. In E. Pustka & D. Reimann (Eds.), Manual
of pedagogical linguistics [Manuals of Romance
linguistics]. Berlin: De Gruyter.
Flege, J. E., Munro, M. J., & MacKay, I. R. A. (1995). Effects
of age of second-language learning on the production of English consonants. Speech
Communication, 16(1), 1–26.
Foote, J. A., Trofimovich, P., Collins, L., & Soler, U. F. (2016). Pronunciation
teaching practices in communicative second language classes. The Language Learning
Journal, 44(2), 181–196.
Gabriel, C., & Thiele, S. (2017). Learning
and teaching of foreign language pronunciation in multilingual
settings. In C. Schlaak & S. Thiele (Eds.), Migration,
Mehrsprachigkeit und
Inklusion (pp. 79–104). Stuttgart: ibidem.
Gabriel, C., Grünke, J., & Schlaak, C. (2022). Unterstützt
die Herkunftssprache Türkisch den Erwerb der französischen Prosodie? Eine Pilotstudie zur Förderung mit digitalen
Aussprachetools. In F. Schöpp & A. Willems (Eds.), Unterricht
der romanischen Sprachen und Inklusion: Rekonstruktion oder
Erneuerung? (pp. 29–62). Stuttgart: ibidem.
Gilbert, J. B. (2008). Teaching
pronunciation. Using the prosody
pyramid. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gluhareva, D., & Prieto, P. (2017). Training
with rhythmic beat gestures favors L2 pronunciation in discourse- demanding
situations. Language Teaching
Research 21(5), 609–631.
Gordon, J., & Darcy, I. (2016). The
development of comprehensible speech in L2 learners: A classroom study on the effects of short-term pronunciation
instruction. Journal of Second Language
Pronunciation 21, 56–92.
Gordon, J., Darcy, I., & Ewert, D. (2013). Pronunciation
teaching and learning: Effects of explicit phonetic instruction in the L2
classroom. In J. Levis & K. LeVelle (Eds.), Proceedings
of the 4th Pronunciation in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Conference (pp. 194–206). Ames, IA: Iowa State University.
Grice, M., Baumann, S., & Benzmüller, R. (2005). German
intonation in autosegmental-metrical phonology. In S.-A. Jun (Ed.), Prosodic
typology. The phonology of intonation and
phrasing (pp. 55–83). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Herment, S., Tortel, A., Bigi, B., Hirst, D., & Loukina, A. (2014). AixOx,
A multi-layered learners’ corpus: Automatic annotation. In A. Díaz-Negrillo & F. Javier (Eds.), Specialisation
and variation in language
corpora (pp. 41–76). Bern: Lang.
Horwitz, E. K., & Young, D. J. (1991). Language
Anxiety: From Theory and Research to Classroom Implications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Hudson, R. (2020). Towards
a pedagogical linguistics. Pedagogical
Linguistics, 11, 8–33.
Hyman, L. M. (1977). On
the nature of linguistic stress. In L. M. Hyman (Ed.), Studies
in stress and
accent (pp. 37–82). Los Angeles: USC Linguistics Department.
(2014). Do
all languages have word accent? In H. van der Hulst (Ed.), Word
stress: Theoretical and typological
issues (pp. 56–82). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jun, S.-A. (2005). Prosodic
typology. In S.-A. Jun (Ed.), Prosodic
typology: The phonology of intonation and
phrasing (pp. 430–458). New York: Oxford University Press.
(2014). Prosodic
typology: By prominence type, word prosody, and
macro-rhythm. In S.-A. Jun (Ed.), Prosodic
Typology
II (pp. 520–540). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kennedy, S., Blanchet, J., & Trofimovich, P. (2014). Learner
pronunciation, awareness, and instruction in French as a second language. Foreign Language
Annals, 47(1), 79–96.
Krifka, M., Błaszczak, J., Leßmöllmann, A., Meinunger, A., Stiebels, B., Tracy, R., & Truckenbrodt, H. (Eds.) (2014). Das
mehrsprachige
Klassenzimmer. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer.
Kuckartz, U., & Rädiker, S. (2022). Qualitative
Inhaltsanalyse: Methoden, Praxis, Computerunterstützung: Grundlagentexte Methoden. Weinheim Basel: Beltz Juventa.
Larrouy-Maestri, P., Poeppel, D., & Pell, M. D. (2024). The
sound of emotional prosody: Nearly 3 decades of research and future directions. Perspectives on
Psychological Science.
Levis, J. M. (2005). Changing
contexts and shifting paradigms in pronunciation teaching. TESOL
Quarterly, 391, 369–377.
Levis, J. M., Derwing, T. M., & Sonsaat-Hegelheimer, S. (Eds.) (2022). Second
language pronunciation: Bridging the gap between research and teaching. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell.
Long, M. H. (2005). Methodological
issues in learner needs analysis. In M. H. Long (Ed.), Second
Language Needs
Analysis (pp. 19–76). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
MacDonald, S. (2002). Pronunciation
— views and practices of reluctant
teachers. Prospect, 171, 3–18.
MacIntyre, P., & Gregersen, T. (2012). Affect:
The role of language anxiety and other emotions in language
learning. In S. Mercer, S. Ryan & M. Williams (Eds.), Psychology
for language
learning (pp. 103–118). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
McNerney, M., & Mendelsohn, D. (1993). Suprasegmentals
in the pronunciation class: Setting priorities. In P. Avery & S. Ehrlich (Eds.), Teaching
American English
pronunciation (pp. 185–196). Oxford University Press.
Mennen, I. (2015). Beyond
segments: Towards an L2 intonation learning theory. In E. Delais-Roussarie, M. Avanzi & S. Herment (Eds.), Prosody
and language in
contact (pp. 171–188). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
Missaglia, F. (2007). Prosodic
training for adult Italian learners of German. In J. Trouvain & U. Gut (Eds.), Non-native
prosody (pp. 237–258). Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Munro, M. J., & Derwing, T. M. (2015). A
prospectus for pronunciation research in the 21st century. Journal of Second Language
Pronunciation 1(1): 11–42.
Niebuhr, O., Alm, M. H., Schümchen, N., & Fischer, K. (2017). Comparing
visualization techniques for learning second language prosody: First results. International
Journal of Learner Corpus
Research, 3(2), 250–277.
Pešková, A. (2023). L2
Spanish and Italian intonation: Accounting for the different patterns displayed by L1 Czech and German
learners. Berlin: Language Science Press.
Pešková, A., & Feldhausen, I. (forthcoming). Suprasegmentals. In E. Pustka & D. Reimann (Eds.), Manual
of pedagogical linguistics [Manuals of Romance
linguistics]. Berlin: De Gruyter.
Prieto, P., Borràs-Comes, J., & Roseano, P. (2010–2014). Interactive
atlas of Romance intonation. [URL]
Prieto, P., & Cabré, T. (2007–2012). Atles
interactiu de l’entonació del català. [URL]
Prieto, P., & Roseano, P. (2009–2013). Atlas
interactivo de la entonación del español. [URL]
Pronina, M., Feldhausen, I., & Prieto, P. (forthcoming). Expressivity
and prosody. In D. Gutzmann & K. Turgay (Eds.), The
Oxford handbook of expressivity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Racine, I., Detey, S., Zay, F., Kawaguchi, Y., Kamber, A., & Skupien Dekens, C. (2012). Des
atouts d’un corpus multitâches pour l’étude de la phonologie en
L2. In A. Kamber & C. Skupien Dekens (Eds.), Recherches
récentes en
FLE (pp. 1–19). Bern: Peter Lang.
Radatz, H.-I. (2016). Von
der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Linguistik und Fachdidaktik: Plädoyer für eine phänomenologische Linguistik mit didaktischem
Aha-Effekt. In F. Robles i Sabater, D. Reimann & R. Sánchez Prieto (Eds.), Sprachdidaktik
Spanisch-Deutsch (pp. 7–22). Tübingen: Narr.
Reimann, D., Cantone, K., Venus, T., Haller, P., & Di Venanzio, L. (2018). Angehende
Fremdsprachenlehrkräfte und sprachlich heterogene Lerngruppen. Zeitschrift für
Fremdsprachenforschung, 29(1), 1–24.
Reinhardt, J. (2019). Regularity
and Variation in French Direct
Interrogatives. Dissertation, University of Konstanz. Konstanz: KOPS.
Saito, Y., & Saito, K. (2017). Differential
effects of instruction on the development of second language comprehensibility, word stress, rhythm, and intonation: The case
of inexperienced Japanese EFL learners. Language Teaching
Research, 21(5), 589–608.
Santiago, F., & Delais-Roussarie, E. (2015). The
acquisition of question intonation by Mexican Spanish learners of
French. In E. Delais-Roussarie, M. Avanzi & S. Herment (Eds.), Prosody
and language in
contact (pp. 243–270). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
Sheehan, M., Havinga, A., Kasstan, J., Stollhans, S., Corr, A., & Gillman, P. (2024). Teacher perspectives on the introduction of linguistics in the languages classroom. Evidence from a co-creation project on French, German and Spanish. British Educational Research Journal, 001, 1-27.
Siepmann, D., & Bürgel, C. (2016). Französisch
mangelhaft — trotz
Kompetenzorientierung. FAZ, p. 6, December 29.
Sonsaat-Hegelheimer, S., & Levis, J. (2025). Is
intonation learnable in the classroom? Evidence from Turkish learners of English. Language
Teaching Research (online first, Feb.
2025).
Tremblay, A., Broersma, M., & Coughlin, C. E. (2017). The
functional weight of a prosodic cue in the native language predicts the learning of speech segmentation in a second
language. Bilingualism: Language and
Cognition, 21(3), 640–652.
Trotzke, A., & Rankin, T. (2020). Editorial:
Introduction to Pedagogical Linguistics. Pedagogical
Linguistics, 1(1), 1–7.
Trouvain, J. (2021). Phonetische
Lernerkorpora und ihr Potenzial im FLE-Unterricht. In E. Pustka (Ed.), La
prononciation du français langue
étrangère (pp. 195–2018). Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto.
Trouvain, J., & Braun, B. (2020). Sentence
prosody in a second language. In C. Gussenhoven & A. Chen (Eds.), The
Oxford handbook of language
prosody (pp. 605–618). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Trouvain, J., & Gut, U. (Eds.) (2007). Non-native
prosody: Phonetic description and teaching practice. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter Mouton.
Turco, G., & Delais-Roussarie, E. (2014). A
crosslinguistic and acquisitional perspective on intonational rises in French. Proceedings of
Interspeech, 2553–2557. Singapore.
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 22 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.