Historically, interjections have been treated in two different ways: as part of language, or as non-words signifying feelings or states of mind. In this paper, I assess the relative strengths and weaknesses of two contemporary approaches that reflect the historical dichotomy, and suggest a new analysis which preserves the insights of both. Interjections have a natural and a coded element, and are better analysed as falling at various points along a continuum between ‘showing’ and ‘saying’. These two notions are characterised in theoretical terms, and some implications of the proposed approach are considered.
2024. JNV corpus: A corpus of Japanese nonverbal vocalizations with diverse phrases and emotions. Speech Communication 156 ► pp. 103004 ff.
Ahn, Mikyung & Foong Ha Yap
2023. ‘Jackpot!’: How social forces intertwine with language-internal mechanisms to turn Korean noun taypak into an interactive. Lingua 296 ► pp. 103609 ff.
Grosz, Patrick Georg, Gabriel Greenberg, Christian De Leon & Elsi Kaiser
2023. A semantics of face emoji in discourse. Linguistics and Philosophy 46:4 ► pp. 905 ff.
2023. Has madam read Wilson (2016)?. Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 33:3 ► pp. 486 ff.
Unuabonah, Foluke Olayinka & Jemima Asabea Anderson
2023. “You are quite funny paa!”: A corpus-based study of borrowed discourse-pragmatic features in Ghanaian English. Corpus Pragmatics 7:3 ► pp. 267 ff.
2022. A Cross‐Modal and Cross‐lingual Study of Iconicity in Language: Insights From Deep Learning. Cognitive Science 46:6
de Varda, Andrea Gregor & Carlo Strapparava
2020. Phonological Layers of Meaning: A Computational Exploration of Sound Iconicity. In Proceedings of the Seventh Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics CLiC-it 2020, ► pp. 144 ff.
Jin, Ying, Younhee Helen Kim & Mia Huimin Chen
2022.
Alignment, Affiliation, and Engagement: Mothers’
Wow
in Parent-Child Interactions
. Research on Language and Social Interaction 55:3 ► pp. 279 ff.
Legallois, Dominique
2022. Analyse critique des éléments définitoires du phénomène expressif. Langages N° 228:4 ► pp. 103 ff.
Tshimula, Jean Marie, Sharmistha Gray, Belkacem Chikhaoui & Shengrui Wang
2022. 2022 IEEE 46th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC), ► pp. 468 ff.
William Pinder, Daniel
2022. Typographical iconicity and the communication of impressions: A relevance-theoretic perspective. Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 18:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
ABRAHAMYAN, LILIT & SHARMAGH ABRAHAMYAN
2021. SEMANTIC PECULIARITIES OF INTERJECTIONS IN HELEN FIELDING’S NOVEL “BRIDGET JONES’S DIARY”. Bulletin of Brusov State University► pp. 13 ff.
2023. Paralanguage and ad hoc concepts. Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 33:3 ► pp. 343 ff.
de Saussure, Louis & Tim Wharton
2019. La notion de pertinence au défi des effets émotionnels. TIPA. Travaux interdisciplinaires sur la parole et le langage :35
Figueras Bates, Carolina
2019. Razonamiento y Vigilancia Epistémica: Una Explicación Relevantista de los Evidencialespor lo vistoyse ve que. Pragmática Sociocultural / Sociocultural Pragmatics 7:1 ► pp. 71 ff.
Sasamoto, Ryoko
2019. Onomatopoeia, the Showing–Saying Continuum, and Perceptual Resemblance. In Onomatopoeia and Relevance, ► pp. 39 ff.
2012. Current Emotion Research in the Language Sciences. Emotion Review 4:4 ► pp. 432 ff.
Unger, Christoph
2012. Procedural semantics, metarepresentation, and some particles in Behdini Kurdish. Lingua 122:14 ► pp. 1613 ff.
Wharton, Tim
2012. Prosody and Meaning: Theory and Practice. In Pragmatics and Prosody in English Language Teaching [Educational Linguistics, 15], ► pp. 97 ff.
Wharton, Tim
2014. WHAT WORDS MEAN IS A MATTER OF WHAT PEOPLE MEAN BY THEM*. Linguagem em (Dis)curso 14:3 ► pp. 473 ff.
Wharton, Tim
2016. That bloody so-and-so has retired: Expressives revisited. Lingua 175-176 ► pp. 20 ff.
Wharton, Tim
2021. Relevance. Pragmatics & Cognition 28:2 ► pp. 321 ff.
Zulaica-Hernández, Iker & Javier Gutiérrez-Rexach
2012. A Multidimensional Semantics for Discourse Particles: Evidence from Spanish Neuter Demonstratives. International Review of Pragmatics 4:1 ► pp. 29 ff.
최인지
2012. An Analysis of the Meaning and the Uses of Demonstratives ‘This' and ‘That'. Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics 12:4 ► pp. 1001 ff.
Labastía, Leopoldo O.
2011. 15 Procedural Encoding and Tone Choice in Buenos Aires Spanish. In Procedural Meaning: Problems and Perspectives [Current Research in the Semantics/Pragmatics Interface, 25], ► pp. 383 ff.
Ljungqvist, Marita
2011. 7 Mutual Manifestness and the Pragmatic Marker Ne. In Making Semantics Pragmatic [Current Research in the Semantics/Pragmatics Interface, 24], ► pp. 165 ff.
Wilson, Deirdre
2011. 1 The Conceptual-Procedural Distinction: Past, Present and Future. In Procedural Meaning: Problems and Perspectives [Current Research in the Semantics/Pragmatics Interface, 25], ► pp. 3 ff.
Wilson, Deirdre
2016. Reassessing the conceptual–procedural distinction. Lingua 175-176 ► pp. 5 ff.
BLAKEMORE, DIANE
2010. Communication and the representation of thought: The use of audience-directed expressions in free indirect thought representations. Journal of Linguistics 46:3 ► pp. 575 ff.
Blakemore, Diane
2011. On the descriptive ineffability of expressive meaning. Journal of Pragmatics 43:14 ► pp. 3537 ff.
BLAKEMORE, DIANE
2013. Voice and Expressivity in Free Indirect Thought Representations: Imitation and Representation. Mind & Language 28:5 ► pp. 579 ff.
Blakemore, Diane
2015. Slurs and expletives: a case against a general account of expressive meaning. Language Sciences 52 ► pp. 22 ff.
Jayez, Jacques
2010. Projective Meaning and Attachment. In Logic, Language and Meaning [Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 6042], ► pp. 325 ff.
O’Connell, Daniel C. & Sabine Kowal
2010. Interjections in the Performance of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 39:4 ► pp. 285 ff.
Thawabteh, Mohammad Ahmad
2010. The Translatability of Interjections: A Case Study of Arabic-English Subtitling. Meta 55:3 ► pp. 499 ff.
Cruz, Manuel
2009. Might Interjections Encode Concepts? More Questions than Answers. Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 5:2
Matsui, Tomoko & Yui Miura
2009. Children's understanding of certainty and evidentiality: Advantage of grammaticalized forms over lexical alternatives. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development 2009:125 ► pp. 63 ff.
MacMahon, Barbara
2007. The effects of sound patterning in poetry: A cognitive pragmatic approach. jlse 36:2 ► pp. 103 ff.
Milne, Catherine & Tracey Otieno
2007. Understanding engagement: Science demonstrations and emotional energy. Science Education 91:4 ► pp. 523 ff.
Ameka, Felix K. & David P. Wilkins
2006. Interjections. In Handbook of Pragmatics, ► pp. 1 ff.
Blakemore, D.
2006. Meaning, Procedural and Conceptual. In Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics, ► pp. 562 ff.
Wilson, Deirdre & Tim Wharton
2006. Relevance and prosody. Journal of Pragmatics 38:10 ► pp. 1559 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 29 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.
