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Article published In: Sex, Death & Politics: Taboos in Language
Edited by Melanie Keller, Philipp Striedl, Daniel Biro, Johanna Holzer and Benjamin Weber
[Pragmatics & Cognition 28:1] 2021
► pp. 193–221

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Word norms and measures of linguistic reclamation for LGBTQ+ slurs

 | University of Salford
Published online: 16 March 2022
DOI logo with link
https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.00023.edm
Abstract
While databases of taboo language word norms exist, none focus specifically on slurs as a category of taboo language. Furthermore, no existing databases include measures of linguistic reclamation, a phenomenon which may specifically affect the processing of slurs. I produced a database in which 155 native or near-native speakers of British English rated 41 LGBTQ+ slurs for a number of word properties and measures of linguistic reclamation. I then ran correlation and demographic group comparison analyses on the resulting database. I found a clear correlation pattern between properties and reclamation behaviours. I also found that there were age-related differences in age of acquisition and familiarity ratings; that gender identity and sexual identity differences were affected by being the target of slurs; and that sexual identity particularly affected differences in reclamation ratings.
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Research background
  • 3.Methodology
    • 3.1Respondents
    • 3.2Design
    • 3.3Procedure
    • 3.4Data analysis
      • 3.4.1Producing the database
      • 3.4.2Correlation analyses
      • 3.4.3Demographic group analyses
  • 4.Results
    • 4.1Correlations between word properties and reclamation behaviours
    • 4.2Results of demographic group comparisons
      • 4.2.1Age group (16–29 vs. 30+) comparisons
      • 4.2.2Gender identity (women vs. men) comparisons
      • 4.2.3Sexual identity (non-heterosexual vs. heterosexual) comparisons
  • 5.Discussion
    • 5.1Patterns of correlation between word properties and reclamation behaviours
    • 5.2Age group differences: Age of acquisition and familiarity ratings
    • 5.3Gender identity differences and the gendering of slurs
    • 5.4Sexual identity differences and reclamation
    • 5.5Differences in ratings for the transphobic slur tranny
  • 6.Conclusion
  • References
References (40)
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