In:Manufacturing Dissent: Manipulation and counter-manipulation in times of crisis
Edited by Cornelia Ilie
[Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 339] 2024
► pp. 309–311
Index
Published online: 17 January 2024
https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.339.index
https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.339.index
A
- ad hominem (argument / fallacy)18, 107, 113, 251, 262, 266, 267
- agenda8, 56, 108,
112, 125, 162,
167, 170, 179
- global agenda169
- political agenda10, 17, 158, 162, 164, 171, 177
- argument8, 10, 14–19, 31, 47,
50, 53, 69, 85, 89,
91, 92, 101–105, 107–109, 113, 160, 161,
178, 187, 189,
192, 197, 198,
208, 223, 227,
240–243, 246–252, 254, 260, 262, 263, 267–273, 276, 277, 284, 285, 287–291, 293–298, 300–305
- counter-argument16, 85
- pseudo-argument107, 108, 113
- scientific argument69, 81; see also fallacy
- argumentation8, 15, 17,
19, 31, 33, 41, 53,
91, 92, 113, 124, 175,
240, 243, 248,
249, 263, 268–272, 275–277, 289
- argumentation scheme(s)14, 248
- pseudo-argumentation106
- argumentative2, 13, 19, 37, 41, 51, 76, 78, 91, 95, 107, 112, 113, 129, 192, 197, 221, 240, 241, 243, 246–248, 254, 259, 260, 262, 263, 266, 273, 275–277, 287, 288, 294
- audience2, 6–8, 11, 15, 16,
33, 34, 37, 56, 62,
64, 67, 70, 71, 74,
76, 78–82, 91, 107, 112,
119, 123–125, 132, 136, 141,
143, 147, 149,
163, 164, 169,
179, 187, 190,
240, 243, 259,
275, 276, 286,
304
- critical audience9
- imagined audience34
- passive audience7
- target audience1, 86
- authority /authorities13–15, 28,
36–38, 40,
47, 53–55, 68, 70, 74,
77, 78, 81, 82, 90,
99, 100, 102, 103, 105,
109, 111, 113,
120, 121, 126,
146, 148, 165,
219, 229, 245,
276, 301
- deontic authority81
- epistemic authority16, 81, 138, 141, 148
- health authorities16, 42, 46, 50, 51, 54, 78, 79, 80, 92–94, 98, 101, 102, 114, 235
- institutional authorities2, 103
- legal authority165
- military authorities14, 51
- political authority13, 15, 16, 63, 69, 70–73, 81, 93
- public authorities14, 46, 50
- scientific authority63, 68–73, 80–82, 93, 250
B
- behaviour1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 30, 32, 33, 36, 71, 78, 86, 88, 92, 96, 97, 109, 112, 121, 125, 141, 143, 164, 298–300
- belief4–7, 16, 19, 27, 28, 69, 81, 82, 85, 86, 88, 92, 96–98, 101, 102, 105, 107, 111, 112, 114, 163, 164, 165, 189, 220, 275, 284
- bias8, 11, 31,
95, 123, 190
- biased31, 40, 55, 79, 88, 190, 204, 234
- unbiased55
- blame3, 6–9, 13, 14, 16,
19, 28–30, 34–37, 41, 45, 47, 48,
51–55, 71–73, 81, 86,
120, 121, 126,
130, 131, 133,
138, 141, 142,
145, 146, 148–150, 198, 216, 218, 226, 227,
244, 286, 293–295, 302, 303
- blame avoidance6–9, 13, 14, 30, 35–37, 41, 48, 55, 71, 86, 120, 126, 130, 141, 142, 145, 149
- broadsheet (newspaper)17, 198–200, 202, 208
C
- censorship38, 40, 42, 45, 111, 233, 241
- citizen7, 14, 15, 41, 85, 86, 88, 92, 94, 95, 98, 99, 101, 110–113, 121, 124, 128, 142, 175, 178, 240–244, 247, 248, 260, 264, 266, 269, 270, 271, 273, 275, 276, 277, 284
- cognitive3, 4, 8, 32, 65–68, 76–78, 80–82, 89, 92, 95–101, 105, 107–109, 111, 113, 129,
165
- cognitive dissonance16, 97–101, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113
- consensus8, 13–16, 18, 19, 31, 63, 68, 70, 72, 74, 81, 85, 87, 88, 90, 92, 94, 95, 99, 101, 102, 103, 106, 111, 113, 114, 161, 162, 164, 219, 228, 294, 302, 303, 305
- consent2, 5, 33, 40, 122, 124
- conspiracy175, 179, 180,
221, 227, 228,
229, 234
- conspiracy group11
- conspiracy narrative11
- conspiracy theory/theories2, 7, 11, 13, 16–18, 74, 75, 79, 81, 125, 157–161, 166, 167, 169, 170, 171, 175, 177–180, 215–220, 222–267
- conspiracy theorist(s)17
- constrain18, 62–66, 70, 133, 190,
201
- constraint15, 32, 64–66, 68, 69, 71, 72, 75, 78, 80–82, 100, 109
- context selection4, 65
- context selection constraint65, 75
- crisis reporting26, 34, 41, 55
D
- deception1, 31, 216
- deceptive38
- deceptive communication32, 62
- deceptive communicative intent66
- deceptive discourses18, 217
- deceptive goal274
- deceptive influence5
- deeptive intention274
- deceptive intents66
- deceptive strategy66
- deceptive uses of language64
- decision-making9, 33, 36, 89, 90, 42, 259, 262, 267, 268, 270, 272, 277
- delegitimise72, 165; see also legitimise
- deliberate5, 6, 132, 138, 158, 175, 286
- deliberately17, 42, 44, 88, 107, 148, 163, 186, 187, 207
- deliberation7, 122
- deliberative5, 7, 267
- digital7, 14, 17,
86, 157, 158, 161, 165,
177
- digital discourse14, 17, 157, 161
- digital environment7, 17, 157–158, 161, 165
- diplomatic (language)17, 186–188, 192, 193, 195–197, 200, 208, 230
- discourse analysis3, 31, 37,
216, 287, 302
- critical discourse analysis3, 287
- disinformation1, 11, 56, 88, 125, 157, 216, 227, 228, 230, 233
- dissent2, 34, 74, 88, 95, 99, 103, 111, 219
- dissenters106, 112
- dissensus13, 15, 16, 85, 86, 87, 88, 92, 95, 99, 101, 102, 113, 114
E
- elite(s)8, 11, 17,
71, 158, 161, 164, 167,
170–172, 175,
179, 180
- global elite171, 175, 176
- political elite8
- ruling elite171, 172
- emotion2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 19, 76, 89,
90, 91, 99, 105, 109,
163, 165, 246,
259, 260, 263,
277
- emotional2, 3, 8, 33, 76, 78–80, 87–90, 92, 93, 97, 102, 107, 108, 114
- emotionalizing10, 89
- epistemic vigilance15, 56, 62, 66, 67, 69–71, 78, 80, 82
- expert15, 48, 62,
68, 74, 75, 77–82, 88, 93, 99,
101, 103, 106,
123, 145, 147,
204, 227, 228,
232, 233, 235,
242, 250, 289
- medical expert93, 99, 103
- political expert81
- scientific expert1, 14, 41, 63, 68, 69, 72, 227
- expertise13, 15, 63,
74, 80, 82, 97, 109,
125, 165, 174,
243
- majority expertise64, 74, 75, 77–81
- medical expertise102
- minority expertise74, 78–81
- scientific expertise13, 15, 19, 62, 63, 77, 80–82, 93
F
- fake news3, 12, 157, 235, 257, 274, 275
- fallacy / fallacies / fallacious(ness)16, 18, 31,
37, 71, 76, 85, 91,
105, 107, 108,
112, 113, 175,
189, 240, 241,
243, 249, 254,
255, 258–260, 263, 264, 266,
267, 270, 272,
274, 275–277, 287, 289, 302,
304, 305
- ad hominem fallacy / argument18, 107, 113, 251, 262, 266, 267
- red herring fallacy / argument105, 107, 108, 109, 110
- straw man fallacy37, 75, 76, 108, 113, 255, 266; see also argument
H
- health7, 33, 69,
74, 78, 87, 93, 105,
108, 121, 122,
124, 175, 249,
250, 267, 269,
272, 273, 277
- health authorities16, 42, 46, 50, 51, 54, 78, 79, 80
- health campaigns69, 71
- health crisis14, 18, 34, 35, 41, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 52, 55, 56
- health policies70, 86
- health sector1, 12
- health official(s)14, 30, 41, 48; see also public health;Swedish public health agency;public health authorities
I
- info-argument246, 247, 260, 262–264, 268, 273, 274, 276
- institutional3, 5, 7. 9, 12, 14, 30, 71,
86, 101, 109, 113, 125,
194, 203, 204,
206, 209, 243,
246, 248, 260,
262, 270, 276
- institutional actors18, 241, 262, 277
- institutional argumentation19, 240, 270, 277
- institutional authorities2, 103
- institutional communication1, 248, 277
- institutional ethos205
- institutional spokespersons2
- institutional tweets18, 241
- institutional users260, 262, 263
- institutionalized8, 87, 93
J
- journalist(s)29, 34, 40, 41, 47, 51, 53, 54, 73, 93, 123, 131, 149, 196, 219, 224, 234, 236, 254, 256, 259, 260, 300
- journalistic34, 40, 47, 56, 217, 274
K
- keyword3, 11, 16, 39, 92, 166, 259, 260, 263–266, 268, 272, 273, 276
L
- ‘lab leak’ hypothesis / theory18, 217–220, 224, 225–234, 236
- leadership8, 9, 121, 124, 130, 143, 148, 151, 172, 218, 285, 290, 294
- legitimise121, 158, 165, 167, 175, 180, 295; see also delegitimise
- lockdown10, 11, 13,
16, 17, 93, 100, 127,
158–161, 166–172, 174–179, 244,
249, 257, 263–265, 271, 272, 276
- anti-lockdown93
M
- manipulating perceptions9, 36, 47, 55
- manipulatory19, 242
- manipulatory devices177
- manipulatory discourse243
- manipulatory goals277
- manipulatory messages242
- media discourse14, 63, 163, 224, 236
- mediatized28, 29, 33,
34, 37, 41, 48, 51,
54–56, 86
- mediatized debate28, 34, 48, 51, 54
- mediatized discourse28, 34, 37, 41, 55
- mediatized representations33
- metaphor11, 65, 124,
248
- metaphorical11, 124, 139
- metapragmatic(s)18, 215, 217, 220–236; see also pragmatic(s)
- metonym11
- misconception38, 95
- misinformation7, 11, 12, 15, 63, 81, 88, 99, 133, 218, 232, 233, 235, 242, 274, 275
P
- persuasion3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
18, 33, 88, 89, 91,
124, 125, 164,
216, 275
- overpersuasion2
- polarization2, 8, 10, 15, 17, 85, 86, 88, 89, 92, 95, 96, 99, 101, 103, 106, 113, 114, 163, 172, 179
- populism10, 30, 179
- populist2, 10, 17, 18, 31, 164, 167, 172, 179, 244
- post-hoc (argument / fallacy)255, 257, 263, 267, 277
- pragmatic(s)4, 10, 14,
16, 31, 36, 37, 38,
41, 47, 62, 64, 77,
78, 89, 92, 119, 120,
128, 129, 133,
134, 137, 141,
148, 150, 151,
187, 188, 246,
254
- cognitive pragmatic(s)31, 62, 78; see also metapragmatic
- pragma-rhetoric3, 26–28, 30, 35, 37,
41, 47, 48, 55, 92
- pragma-rhetorical14, 15, 85, 92
- prejudice1, 80, 88, 90, 219
- propaganda6, 7, 30, 31, 40, 42, 44, 45, 51, 53, 226, 235
- public debate14, 28, 48, 50, 51, 54, 97, 216, 226, 228, 229, 231, 233, 234
- public health1, 11, 34,
48, 50, 90, 121, 124,
236, 241
- public health authorities11, 34, 46
- Swedish public health agency16, 85, 88, 102, 103, 112
R
- relevance theory31, 65
- retweet158, 165, 166, 172, 176, 177, 178, 246; see also tweet
- rhetoric37, 38, 53,
77, 88, 92, 99, 121,
124, 188, 192,
193, 245, 248
- rhetorical5, 6, 13, 34, 37, 56, 62, 75, 78, 79, 81, 90, 95, 119, 188, 191, 197, 198, 199, 203–205, 221, 259, 289
- rhetorical question(s)89, 104, 109, 246
- rumour1, 2, 11, 45, 158, 159, 218, 219, 227, 230
S
- scapegoat8, 14, 26,
36, 37, 41, 45, 54,
55, 86, 302
- scapegoating9, 13, 19, 37, 41, 51, 53, 55, 294, 302
- scientific communication15, 62, 63, 125
- scientific discourse2, 15, 62, 63, 125, 242, 243
- social media2, 17, 74, 88, 95, 157, 158, 161, 162, 164, 165, 167, 170, 178, 179, 232, 243, 285, 289
- Spanish influenza28, 38, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 48, 50, 53, 54, 55
- spin7, 41, 51,
52
- spinning37
- strategic1, 4, 7, 9, 16, 17, 36, 56,
89, 102, 119–121, 123, 133, 137, 141,
148, 149, 150,
151, 159, 163,
188, 191, 203,
221, 233, 235,
246–248, 262,
265, 270, 273,
276, 290
- strategically3, 4, 37, 67, 123, 141, 193
T
- tabloid (newspapers)17, 194, 196, 198–201, 208, 224
- topoi19, 126, 145,
146, 149, 284,
287–289, 302–305
- topos126, 146, 148, 287, 289, 302, 303, 305
- trust / trustworthiness2, 3, 5, 9, 11, 19, 63, 66,
69, 70, 76, 80, 85,
88, 95, 98, 101, 102,
105, 107–109, 113, 122, 125,
126, 130, 135–137, 140, 146, 148, 150, 175,
194–196, 207,
240, 241, 277,
284, 285, 287,
290, 293–295, 298, 303, 304
- distrust1, 80, 81, 93, 103, 203, 234, 242, 275, 277
- mistrust / (mis)trust1, 11, 12, 19, 198, 200
- untrustworthy / untrustworthiness194, 195, 197, 204
- tweet8, 13, 16, 18, 158, 160, 164, 166, 167, 169, 171, 172, 174–178, 241, 243, 245, 247; see also retweet
- twitter7, 8, 11, 16, 158, 161–167, 169, 170, 172, 177, 179, 195, 199, 242, 243, 245, 247
