In:Pragmatic Markers and Peripheries
Edited by Daniël Van Olmen and Jolanta Šinkūnienė
[Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 325] 2021
► pp. 251–276
Chapter 9Second person parentheticals of unintentional visual perception
in British English
Published online: 13 October 2021
https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.325.09van
https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.325.09van
Abstract
This chapter is the first systematic corpus-based
study of parenthetical see, you see and do
you see in British English. It compares (the
relationship between) their clause positions and their uses. The
results indicate, inter alia, that see is not
simply a shorter form of you see but also that some
conflation exists between the three markers. Furthermore, they
confirm some of the hypothesized associations of particular
functions with the left versus right clause periphery (e.g.
see’s attention-getting use in clause-initial
position) while challenging others (e.g. you see
able to mark clauses in both their left and right periphery as
explaining a previous one). The chapter also questions the notion of
(inter)subjectivity’s value in the debate about peripheries and
functions.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Corpus data
- 3.Results
- 3.1Distribution
- 3.2Peripheries
- 3.3Uses
- 3.3.1Do you see
- 3.3.2You see
- 3.3.3See
- 4.Discussion
- 5.Conclusion
Notes References
References (39)
Aijmer, Karin. 2018. “Positioning
of Self in Interaction: Adolescents’ Use of
Attention-getters.” In Positioning
of Self and Others: Linguistic
Perspectives, ed.
by Kate Beeching, Chiara Ghezzi, and Piera Molinelli, 177–195. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Aijmer, Karin, and Anna Elgemark. 2013. “The
Pragmatic Markers Look and
Listen in a Cross-Linguistic
Perspective.” In Of
Butterflies and Birds, of Dialects and
Genres, ed.
by Nils-Lennart Johannesson, Gunnel Melchers, and Beyza Björkman, 333–348. Stockholm: Stockholm University.
Beeching, Kate, Liesbeth Degand, Ulrich Detges, Elizabeth C. Traugott, and Richard Waltereit. 2009. “Summary
of the Workshop on Meaning in
Diachrony.” Paper presented
at the Conference on
Meaning in
Interaction, Bristol, April.
Beeching, Kate, and Ulrich Detges. 2014. “Introduction.” In Discourse
Functions at the Left and Right Periphery: Cross-Linguistic
Investigations of Language Use and Language
Change, ed.
by Kate Beeching, and Ulrich Detges, 1–23. Leiden: Brill.
Brems, Lieselotte, Lobke Ghesquière, and Freek Van de Velde. 2012. “Special
Issue: Intersections of
Intersubjectivity.” English
Text
Construction 5 (1).
Brinton, Laurel J. 2001. “From
Matrix Clause to Pragmatic Marker: The History of
Look-Forms.” Journal
of Historical
Pragmatics 2 (2): 177–199.
2008. The
Comment Clause in English: Syntactic Origins and Pragmatic
Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bolly, Catherine. 2012. “Du verbe de perception visuelle au marqueur
parenthétique ‘tu vois’: Grammaticalisation et changement
linguistique [From the verb of visual perception to the
parenthetical marker ‘tu vois’: Grammaticalization and
linguistic change].” French
Language
Studies 22 (2): 143–164.
Chodorowska-Pilch, Marianna. 2008. “Verás
in Peninsular Spanish as a Grammaticalized Discourse Marker
Invoking Positive and Negative
Politeness.” Journal of
Pragmatics 40 (8): 1357–1372.
Crible, Ludivine. 2017. “Towards
an Operational Category of Discourse Markers: A Definition
and its
Model.” In Pragmatic
Markers, Discourse Markers and Modal
Particles, ed.
by Chiara Fedriani, and Andrea Sansò, 99–124. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Cuenca, Maria J., and Maria J. Marín. 2000. “Verbos de percepción gramaticalizados como
conectores: Análisis contrastivo
español-catalán [Verbs of perception grammaticalized as
connectives: Contrastive analysis
Spanish-Catalan].” Revista
Española de Lingüística
Aplicada 1: 215–237.
Degand, Liesbeth. 2011. “Connectieven in de rechterperiferie: Een
contrastieve analyse van dus en
donc in gesproken
taal [Connectives in the right periphery: A contrastive analysis
of dus and donc in spoken
language].” Nederlandse
Taalkunde 16 (3): 333–348.
Dehé, Nicole, and Bettina Braun. 2013. “The
Prosody of Question
Tags.” English Language and
Linguistics 17 (1): 129–156.
Fitzmaurice, Susan. 2004. “Subjectivity,
Intersubjectivity and the Historical Construction of
Interlocutor Stance: From Stance Markers to Discourse
Markers.” Discourse
Studies 6 (4): 427–448.
Fraser, Bruce. 2009. “An
Account of Discourse
Markers.” International
Review of
Pragmatics 1 (2): 1–28.
Ghezzi, Chiara, and Piera Molinelli. 2014. “Italian
Guarda, Prego, Dai: Pragmatic Markers
and the Left and Right
Periphery.” In Discourse
Functions at the Left and Right Periphery: Crosslinguistic
Investigations of Language Use and Language
Change, ed.
by Kate Beeching, and Ulrich Detges, 117–150. Leiden: Brill.
Haselow, Alexander. 2012. “Subjectivity,
Intersubjectivity and the Negotiation of Common Ground in
Spoken Discourse: Final Particles in
English.” Language and
Communication 32 (3): 182–204.
Janssen, Theo A. M. 2006. “Focusconstructies als kijk
eens en moet je eens
kijken [Focus constructions like kijk
eens and moet je eens
kijken].” Nederlandse
Taalkunde 11 (4): 332–365.
Kaltenböck, Gunther, Bernd Heine, and Tania Kuteva. 2011. “On
Thetical Grammar.” Studies in
Language 35 (4): 848–893.
Keevalik, Leelo. 2008. “Internal
Development and Borrowing of Pragmatic Particles: Estonian
Vaata/Vat ‘look’, Nääd
‘you see’ and
Vot.” Finnisch-Ugrische
Mitteilungen 30/31: 23–54.
Kragh, Kirsten A. J. 2021 “Proposition d’une classification de marqueurs
de discours comme membres de
paradigm [Proposal of a classification of discourse markers as
paradigm members].” Langue Française 201 (1): 119–140.
Lenker, Ursula. 2010. Argument
and Rhetoric: Adverbial Connectors in the History of
English. Berlin: De Gruyter.
Love, Robbie, Abi Hawtin, and Andrew Hardie. 2017. The
British National Corpus 2014: User Manual and Reference
Guide. Lancaster: Lancaster University.
Mišković-Luković, Mirjana. 2011. “The
Marker You See: Cognitive-Pragmatic and
Socio-Pragmatic
Observations.” Belgrade
English Language and Literature
Studies 3: 49–62.
Narrog, Heiko. 2012. “Beyond
Intersubjectification: Textual Uses of Modality and Mood in
Subordinate Clauses as Part of Speech-Act
Orientation.” English Text
Construction 5 (1): 29–52.
Nelson, Gerald, Sean Wallis, and Bas Aarts. 2002. Exploring
Natural Language: Working with the British Component of the
International Corpus of
English. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Nuyts, Jan. 2014. “Subjectivity
in Modality, and
Beyond.” In Communicating
Certainty and Uncertainty in Medical, Supportive and
Scientific Contexts, ed.
by Andrzej Zuczkowski, Ramona Bongelli, and Carla Canestrari, 13–30. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Onodera, Noriko O. 2007. “Interplay
of (Inter)Subjectivity and Social
Norm.” Journal of Historical
Pragmatics 8 (2): 239–267.
Sánchez López, Cristina. 2017. “Mirativity
in Spanish: The Case of the Particle
Mira.” Review
of Cognitive
Linguistics 15 (2): 489–514.
Schourup, Lawrence. 2004. “Lookit
and the History of
Look-Forms.” In Nihonga no Bunseki to Gengo
Ruikei [Analysis
of Japanese and language
typology], ed.
by Taro Kageyama, and Hideki Kishimoto, 543–558. Tokyo: Kuroshio Press.
Scott, Karla D. 2000. “Crossing
Cultural Borders: ‘Girl’ and ‘Look’ as Markers of Identity
in Black Women’s Language
Use.” Discourse and
Society 11 (2): 237–248.
Sweetser, Eve E. 1990. From
Etymology to Pragmatics: Metaphorical and Cultural Aspects
of Semantic
Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Traugott, Elizabeth Closs. 2012. “Intersubjectification
and Clause
Periphery.” English Text
Construction 5 (1): 7–28.
. 2016. “On
the Rise of Types of Clause-Final Pragmatic Markers in
English.” Journal of
Historical
Pragmatics 17 (1): 26–54.
Van Olmen, Daniël. 2010a. “The
Imperative of Intentional Visual Perception as a Pragmatic
Marker: A Contrastive Study of English, Dutch and
Romance.” Languages in
Contrast 10 (2): 223–244.
. 2010b. “Imperatives
of Visual versus Auditory Perception as Pragmatic Markers in
English and Dutch.” English
Text
Construction 3 (1): 74–94.
