In:Beyond Meaning
Edited by Elly Ifantidou, Louis de Saussure and Tim Wharton
[Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 324] 2021
► pp. 135–150
Experiences of ineffable significance
Published online: 10 November 2021
https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.324.c8
https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.324.c8
Abstract
An ‘experience of ineffable significance’ is sudden feeling of
knowing something very significant but which cannot be described in
words, sometimes accompanied by chills or tears. Amongst its types
are the sublime and (secular) ‘epiphanies’. Drawing on work by Huron
and by Meyer, I propose that it is a type of surprise, arising from
perceptions whose match to our schematic knowledge falls outside the
normal range of discrepancy, either by radical discrepancy or by
uncanny identity. Assuming a theoretical context of Relevance
Theory, and drawing on work by Sperber and by Raffman, I explore
some reasons how we are able to suddenly judge that the perception
produces deeply significant knowledge, and why that knowledge cannot
be expressed in words.
Article outline
- 1.Experiences of ineffable significance
- 2.Etiology: Discrepancies outside a normal range
- 3.Epistemic feelings: Significance
- 4.Ineffability
- 5.Representation and metarepresentation
- 6.An example
- 7.Conclusion
Notes References
References (38)
Bohrer, Karl Heinz. 1994. Suddenness:
on the Moment of Aesthetic Appearance,
trans. by Ruth Crowley. New York: Columbia University Press.
Burke, Edmund. (1757) 1987. A
Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the
Sublime and Beautiful, ed.
by J. T. Boulton. Revised
edition. Oxford: Blackwell.
Clark, Andy. 2013. “Whatever
Next? Predictive Brains, Situated Agents, and the Future of
Cognitive Science.” The
Behavioral and Brain
Sciences 36 (3): 181‒204.
Fabb, Nigel. 2016. “Processing
Effort and Poetic
Closure.” International
Journal of Literary
Linguistics 5 (4): 1‒22.
Fletcher, Paul C., and Chris D. Frith. 2009. “Perceiving
Is Believing: A Bayesian Approach to Explaining the Positive
Symptoms of
Schizophrenia.” Nature
Reviews:
Neuroscience 10: 48‒58.
Foster, Meadhbh I., and Mark T. Keane. 2015. “Why
Some Surprises Are More Surprising than Others: Surprise as
a Metacognitive Sense of Explanatory
Difficulty.” Cognitive
Psychology 81: 74‒116.
Gabrielsson, Alf. 2011. Strong
Experiences with Music: Music is Much More than Just
Music, trans. by Rod Bradbury. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hart, J. T. 1965. “Memory
and the Feeling-of-Knowing
Experience.” Journal of
Educational
Psychology 56 (4): 208‒216.
Huron, David. 2006. Sweet
Anticipation: Music and the Psychology of
Expectation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
. (1902) 1982. The
Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human
Nature, edited with an introduction
by Martin E. Marty. New York: Penguin.
Joyce, James. 1944. Stephen
Hero: Part of the First Draft of “A Portrait of the Artist
as a Young Man”, ed.
by Theodore Spencer. London: Jonathan Cape.
Kant, Immanuel. (1790) 1952. The
Critique of Aesthetic
Judgement, trans. with analytical
indexes by James Creed Meredith. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Laski, Marghanita. 1961. Ecstasy:
A Study of Some Secular and Religious
Experiences. London: The Cresset Press.
Mendelssohn, Moses. (1758) 1997. Philosophical
Writings, ed.
by Daniel O. Dahlstrom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Meyer, Wulf-Uwe, Michael Niepel, Udo Rudolph, and Achim Schützwohl. 1991. “An
Experimental Analysis of
Surprise.” Cognition and
Emotion 5 (4): 295‒311.
Miall, David S. 2007. "Foregrounding
and the Sublime: Shelley in
Chamonix." Language and
Literature 16: 155‒168.
Mishara, Aaron L., and Paolo Fusar-Poli. 2013. “The
Phenomenology and Neurobiology of Delusion Formation During
Psychosis Onset: Jaspers, Truman Symptoms, and Aberrant
Salience.” Schizophrenia
Bulletin 39 (2): 278‒286.
Panksepp, Jaak. 1995. “The
Emotional Sources of ‘Chills’ Induced by
Music.” Music Perception: An
Interdisciplinary
Journal 13 (2): 171‒207.
Smith, Barbara Herrnstein. 1968. Poetic
Closure: A Study of How Poems
End. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
. 1996b. “Why
Are Perfect Animals, Hybrids, and Monsters Food for Symbolic
Thought?” Method and Theory
in the Study of
Religion 8 (2): 143‒169.
. 2005. “Modularity
and Relevance: How Can a Massively Modular Mind Be Flexible
and
Context-Sensitive?” In The
Innate Mind: Structure and
Contents, ed.
by P. Carruthers, S. Laurence, and S. Stich, 53‒68. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sperber, Dan, and Deirdre Wilson. 1995. Relevance:
Communication and Cognition. 2nd
ed. Oxford: Blackwell.
Sundararajan, Louise. 2002. “Religious
Awe: Potential Contributions of Negative Theology to
Psychology, ‘Positive’ or
Otherwise.” Journal of
Theoretical and Philosophical
Psychology 22: 174‒197.
Von Hofmannsthal, Hugo. (1902) 2005. The
Lord Chandos Letter and Other
Writings, trans.
by Joel Rotenberg. New York: NYRB.
Wassiliwizky, Eugen, Thomas Jacobsen, Jan Heinrich, Manuel Schneiderbauer, and Winfried Menninghaus. 2017. “Tears
Falling on Goosebumps: Co-occurrence of Emotional
Lacrimation and Emotional Piloerection Indicates a
Psychophysiological Climax in Emotional
Arousal.” Frontiers in
Psychology, 8: 41. .
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
Wharton, Tim
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 29 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
