In:The Pragmatics of Discourse Coherence: Theories and applications
Edited by Helmut Gruber and Gisela Redeker
[Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 254] 2014
► pp. 53–83
Contrastive relations, evaluation, and generic structure in science news
Published online: 26 November 2014
https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.254.03hau
https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.254.03hau
Assuming a close relation between generic structure and coherence structure,
this paper attempts to classify the meanings linked by contrastive relations in
the genre of science news. The analysis reveals five typical configurations recurrent
in the genre which are characterized predominantly by linguistic evaluation
and the entities or situations evaluated. The units observed are discussed
from three different perspectives: first, from a narrowly semantic point of view;
second, with regard to their strategic role in fulfilling the texts’ genre-specific
purpose; and finally, with regard to their role in the evaluative coherence in the
texts, using both a focus-based and a relational approach to coherence.
References (54)
Asher, Nicholas, Farah Benamara, and Yvette Yannick Mathieu. 2009. “Appraisal of Opinion Expressions in Discourse.” Linguisticae Investigationes 32 (2): 279–292.
Asher, Nicolas, and Alex Lascarides. 2003. Logics of Conversation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
. 2008. “‘An Increasingly Familiar Tragedy’: Evaluative Collocation and Conflation.” Functions of Language 15 (1): 7–34.
. 2009a. “Dimensions of Evaluation: Cognitive and Linguistic Perspectives.” Pragmatics & Cognition 17 (1): 146–175.
. 2009b. “Polyphony in Appraisal: Typological and Topological Perspectives.” Linguistics and the Human Sciences 3 (2): 107–136.
Berger, Jonah, and Katherine L. Milkman. 2010. Social Transmission, Emotion, and the Virality of Online Content. Accessed January 11, 2012. [URL]
Biber, Douglas, and Budsaba Kanoksilaptham. 2007. “Introduction to Move Analysis.” In Discourse on the Move: Using Corpus Analysis to Describe Discourse Structure, ed. by Douglas Biber, Ulla Connor, and Thomas A. Upton, 23–41. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Bondi, Marina. 2004. “The Discourse Function of Contrastive Connectors in Academic Abstracts.” In Discourse Patterns in Spoken and Written Corpora, ed. by Karin Aijmer, and Anna-Brita Stenström, 139–156. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Fahnestock, Jeanne. 1986. “Accommodating Science: The Rhetorical Life of Scientific Facts.” Written Communication 3 (3): 275–296.
. 2004. “Preserving the Figure: Consistency in the Presentation of Scientific Arguments.” Written Communication 21 (1): 6–31.
Ford, Cecilia E. 2000. “The Treatment of Contrasts in Interaction.” In Cause–Condition–Concession–Contrast: Cognitive and Discourse Perspectives, ed. by Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen, and Bernd Kortmann, 283–312. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Gruber, Helmut, and Peter Muntigl. 2005. “Generic and Rhetorical Structures of Texts: Two Sides of the Same Coin?” Folia Linguistica 39 (1/2): 75–113.
Haupt, Jaromír. 2010. “Palpated, Phonendoscoped, X-rayed and Tomographed: The Structure of Science News in Good Shape.” In Interpretation of Meaning across Discourses, ed. by Renata Jančaříková, 161–174. Brno: Masaryk University.
. 2014. “Generic and Evaluative Patterns in Science News.” Unpublished PhD thesis. Masaryk University.
Heuboeck, Alois. 2009. “Some Aspects of Coherence, Genre, and Rhetorical Structure – And Their Integration in a Generic Model of Text.” Language Studies Working Papers (1): 35–45.
Hilgartner, Stephen. 1990. “The Dominant View of Popularization: Conceptual Problems, Political Uses.” Social Studies of Science 20 (3): 519–539.
. 2001. Textual Interaction: An Introduction to Written Discourse Analysis. London/New York: Routledge.
Hyland, Ken. 2000. Disciplinary Discourses: Social Interactions in Academic Writing. London: Longman.
Iedema, Rick, Susan Feez, and Peter R. R. White. 1994. Media Literacy. Sydney, Disadvantaged Schools Program, NSW Department of School Education.
. 1985. “Some Relations of Surprise and Expectation.” In The 11th LACUS Forum 1984, ed. by Robert A. Hall Jr., 263–273. Columbia, SC: Hornbeam.
Kanoksilapatham, Budsaba. 2007. “Rhetorical Moves in Biochemistry Research Articles.” In Discourse on the Move: Using Corpus Analysis to Describe Discourse Structure, ed. by Douglas Biber, Ulla Connor, and Thomas A. Upton, 73–119. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Kortmann, Bernd. 1991. Absolute Adjuncts and Absolutes in English: Problems of Control and Interpretation. London/New York: Routledge.
Lakoff, Robin T. 1971. “If’s, And’s, But’s about Conjunction.” In Studies in Linguistic Semantics, ed. by Charles J. Fillmore, and D. Terence Langendoen, 114–149. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Lemke, Jay L. 1998. “Resources for Attitudinal Meaning: Evaluative Orientations in Text Semantics.” Functions of Language 5 (1): 33–56.
Mann, William C., and Sandra A. Thompson. 1988. “Rhetorical Structure Theory: Toward a Functional Theory of Text Organization.” Text 8 (3): 243–281.
Martin, James R., and Peter R. R. White. 2005. Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English. London/New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Motta-Roth, Désirée, and Cristina dos Santos Lovato. 2009. “Organização retórica do gênero notícia de popularização da ciencia: um estudo comparativo entre português e inglês [The rhetorical organization of the genre of popular-scientific reports: A comparative study of Portuguese and English].” Linguagem em (Dis)Curso 9 (2): 233–271.
Myers, Greg. 1990. Writing Biology: The Social Construction of Popular Science. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
. 2003. “Discourse Studies of Scientific Popularization: Questioning the Boundaries.” Discourse Studies 5 (2): 265–279.
Nwogu, Kevin N. 1991. “The Structure of Science Popularizations: A Genre-analysis Approach to the Schema of Popularized Medical Texts.” English for Specific Purposes 10: 111–123.
O’Halloran, Kieran. 2009. “Implicit Dialogical Premises, Explanation as Argument: A Corpus-based Reconstruction.” Informal Logic 29 (1): 15–53.
Scherer, Anelise S. 2010. “Explicit Intertextuality in Science Popularization News.” Revista Ao pé da Letra 12 (2): 25–49.
Spenader, Jennifer, and Gert Stulp. 2007. “Antonymy and Contrast Relations.” In
Seventh International Workshop on Computational Semantics
, Tilburg, 10–11 January.
Suhardja, Imelda. 2008. “Discourse of ‘Distortion’ and Health and Medical News Reports: A Genre Analysis Perspective.” Unpublished PhD thesis. University of Edinburgh.
Swales, John. 1990. Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Taboada, Maite. 2004. Building Coherence and Cohesion: Task-Oriented Dialogue in English and Spanish. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Taboada, Maite, and William C. Mann. 2006. “Rhetorical Structure Theory: Looking Back and Moving Ahead.” Discourse Studies 8 (3): 423–459.
Taboada, Maite. 2009. “Implicit and Explicit Coherence Relations.” In Discourse, of Course, ed. by Jan Renkema, 127–140. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Taboada, Maite, Kimberly Voll, and Julian Brooke. 2008. “Extracting Sentiment as a Function of Discourse Structure and Topicality.”
School of Computing Science Technical Report 2008-20
.
Thetela, Puleng. 1997. “Evaluated Entities and Parameters of Value in Academic Research Articles.” English for Specific Purposes 16 (2): 101–118.
Thompson, Geoff, and Susan Hunston. 2000. “Evaluation: An Introduction.” In Evaluation in Text: Authorial Stance and the Construction of Discourse, ed. by Susan Hunston, and Geoff Thompson, 1–27. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Thompson, Geoff. 1998. “Resonance in Text.” In Linguistic Choice across Genres: Variation in Spoken and Written English, ed. by Antonia Sanchez-Macarro, and Ronald Carter, 29–63. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Thompson, Geoff, and Jianglin Zhou. 2000. “Evaluation and Organization in Text: The Structuring Role of Evaluative Disjuncts.” In Evaluation in Text: Authorial Stance and the Construction of Discourse, ed. by Susan Hunston, and Geoff Thompson, 122–141. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.
Urbanová, Zuzana. 2013. “The Hard News Report: The Beginning, Middle and End.” In Silesian Studies 2012: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of English and American Studies, ed. by Markéta Johnová, and Michaela Weiss, 137–154. Opava: Silesian University in Opava.
White, Peter R. R. 1997. “Death, Disruption and the Moral Order: The Narrative Impulse in Mass-Media Hard News Reporting.” In Genres and Institutions: Social Processes in the Workplace and School, ed. by Francis Christie, and James R. Martin, 101–133. London: Cassell.
. 2000. “Media Objectivity and the Rhetoric of News Story Structure.” In Discourse and Community. Doing Functional Linguistics Language in Performance 21, ed. by Eija Ventola, 379–397. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
Winter, Eugene O. 1974. “Replacement as a Function of Repetition: A Study of Some of Its Principal Features in the Clause Relations of Contemporary English.” Unpublished PhD thesis, University of London.
Cited by (2)
Cited by two other publications
Xiao, Hao-Zhang, Chen-Yu Dai & Li-Zheng Dong
2021. The development of interlanguage pragmatic markers in alignment with role relationships. Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 31:4 ► pp. 617 ff.
[no author supplied]
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 28 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
