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In:Processability and Language Acquisition in the Asia-Pacific Region
Edited by Satomi Kawaguchi, Bruno Di Biase and Yumiko Yamaguchi
[Processability Approaches to Language Acquisition Research & Teaching 9] 2023
► pp. 305–309

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Index

Published online: 2 February 2023

https://doi.org/10.1075/palart.9.index

A

accuracy, 43, 50, 52–53, 103–5, 109, 157, 162, 283, 285, 289, 294–95, 297–98, 300

accusative, 31–33, 43, 91–93, 95–97, 100, 105, 108–10, 137

acquisition, 17–24, 27–32, 42–50, 54–65, 84–88, 103–6, 111–16, 118–23, 138–42, 148–51, 158–63, 165–66, 169–71, 186–95, 197–221, 225–27, 232–38, 253–61, 263–85, 295–303

acquisition criteria, 34, 79, 87, 178, 207, 210, 235

adjunct, 8, 11, 13, 38, 42–43, 64–65, 68, 206, 220, 222

African languages,8

agent, 10–12, 30–31, 35–42, 66, 68–71, 73–75, 82, 84–85, 93, 95, 99–100, 108, 198, 212–13, 219

agentivity, 93, 100, 108–10

agent role, 8, 10–11, 30–31, 37–39, 41, 66, 68–69, 73–75, 206

agglutinating morphology, 27, 117

agglutinative, 7, 27, 32, 117, 193

animacy, 30–31, 93–94, 98, 100, 102, 106, 109–10, 113–14

Arabic, 6–7, 21, 23–24, 28, 60, 166, 189, 254

argument structure, 9–10, 12, 31, 38, 40, 65–67, 73, 75, 77, 79, 84–86, 93, 95–96, 99–100, 137

attention, 5, 9–11, 18, 24, 29, 36, 61–62, 67, 69, 77, 235, 237

attribute, 30, 35, 38, 64, 106, 109, 119, 152, 213, 215, 219

Australian languages, 23, 45–46, 58, 60, 112–13, 141–42, 173–74, 188, 190, 254–55, 301–2

autistic, 7, 254

Awtuw, 100, 112

B

Bantu,8

benefactive, 16, 33–34, 36, 40–42, 44–45, 47, 49, 53, 64, 69, 209

beneficiary, 10–11, 66, 70, 80, 85, 98, 108

BFLA, 46, 115–16, 118, 121–22, 124, 126, 139, 165–66, 168–69, 171, 192–95, 201, 203–4, 207, 224–25

bilingual, 17–18, 22–23, 27–28, 46, 57–61, 112–13, 115, 121–22, 140–42, 163–75, 179–201, 205–21, 223–27, 235, 255–56, 301–2

Bilingual First Language Acquisition, 121, 166, 169

C

Canada, 5, 47

canonical, 13–16, 36–41, 48–49, 53, 70, 96–98, 123–25, 132–35, 138, 202–6, 210, 214–15, 222, 224–25, 258, 260, 263, 266–67, 272–75

canonical order, 14–16, 37–39, 70, 98, 123–25, 132–35, 138, 202–6, 210, 214–15, 222, 224–25, 258, 260, 263, 266–67, 272–75

category procedure, 33, 35, 45, 50, 53, 107, 171–72, 176–78, 184–85, 187, 236–37, 248, 283–84

causative, 9, 12, 33–34, 40–42, 47–49, 61, 63–64, 67, 69, 71, 73–75, 77, 81–82, 84–85, 87

China, 3–5, 18–19, 21–24, 65, 258, 261–62

classifier language, 167, 170, 184, 191, 233, 284

classifiers, 64, 167, 170, 172, 184, 189, 191, 233, 249, 254, 284–85

cognition, 22, 24, 56–57, 139, 142, 188, 191, 193, 196, 225, 256, 285, 297–98

cognitive, 22, 24, 130, 139, 142, 188, 191, 193, 196, 225, 285

cognitive development, 116, 160, 191, 193, 196, 225

cognitive load,285

collocation, 145, 167

competence, 3, 7, 160, 174, 277

conceptual structure, 9, 36, 67, 123, 205

Confucius Institute, 4, 20

constituent structure, 9, 14, 36, 41–42, 65, 67, 92, 95–96, 274

constructive case, 23, 60, 107, 110, 113, 141

content questions, 13, 15, 17, 59, 115–43, 193–94, 202, 259

copula, 115, 118, 120, 127, 129–33, 135, 137–39, 202, 204, 212–13, 215, 241–44, 258–59, 263, 269–70

copula sentences, 43, 118, 127, 129–31, 150, 195, 204, 213, 215, 258

corpus, 19, 31, 144–52, 154–56, 158–62, 176–78, 191, 193, 207, 280–99, 303

countable nouns, 166–67, 233

count-mass,167

cross-linguistic, 23, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 122, 142, 144, 146, 149, 187, 189

cross-linguistically, 23, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 91–93, 122–23, 142, 144, 146, 149, 187, 189

D

declarative, 13–15, 117–20, 195–96, 198–200, 202–6, 210, 222, 224, 258–59, 262–63, 265, 267, 269–71, 274

declaratives, 14–15, 202, 210, 222, 258–59, 262, 269–71

default mapping, 11–12, 16–17, 40–41, 45, 63, 67–72, 75, 77, 79–81, 84–85, 93

definite classifiers,172

definiteness, 78, 87, 93, 120, 123, 126–27, 176–78, 190, 227, 256, 267

definite quantifiers, 172, 248–52

demonstrative, 146, 149–54, 158, 160–61, 213, 219, 241–43, 265, 269, 274, 292, 294

demonstrative system, 150–51, 158

developmental sequence, 27, 29, 44, 46, 120, 130, 132–34, 138–39, 153–54, 170–71, 194, 234, 280–81, 284–85, 292

developmental stage, 33, 40–41, 44–48, 55–56, 60, 96–97, 108, 115–16, 122–24, 138–40, 189–90, 192, 196–98, 203–5, 235–38, 251–53, 280–81, 283–84, 287, 293–95

DF, 12–13, 15, 38–39

differential case theory, 98, 107, 110

discourse-pragmatic, 5, 8, 16, 36, 52–53, 63, 88, 202

discourse structure, 5, 10, 36, 38, 52, 67, 88, 123, 141, 210

DOM, 57, 94, 98–100, 102–6, 109–10, 112

dominant language, 6, 103, 173–74

double object, 39, 73, 137

duplicate, 167–68, 268

E

EFL, 2, 18–19, 21–22, 59, 61, 229–58, 261, 285, 293–94, 297, 299

emergence, 50–51, 53–54, 79–80, 84–85, 87–88, 99–100, 104–6, 108–9, 120, 130–31, 153, 170, 178, 237–38, 246–50

emergence criterion, 51, 54, 79–80, 84, 87, 104–5, 237, 240, 246–47, 249–50, 256, 273

English, 1–5, 15–24, 43–51, 57–60, 64–67, 75–76, 85–87, 115–24, 140–42, 146–49, 151–52, 165–77, 180–221, 223–27, 231–36, 239–41, 245–46, 253–81, 283–95, 297–300

English as a Foreign Language, 258, 261

ergative-absolutive alignment, 93–94

ESL, 29, 53–54, 60–61, 142, 145–46, 159, 170–71, 234, 254, 256, 258–60, 276–77, 284–85

experiencer, 10–12, 24, 66–67, 69, 71, 93, 98, 105, 107, 149–50, 301

F

feature unification, 7, 91–92, 95–98, 106, 110

feedback, 18, 22, 57, 231–32, 238–40, 253

FLA, 18, 166, 169, 197–98, 225, 250

focus, 3, 7–8, 12–15, 17–19, 21–23, 35–36, 50–51, 57–59, 115–16, 122–23, 138–39, 141, 150, 152, 193–94, 196–97, 202, 231–60, 294–95, 301–2

formula, 12, 14–15, 34–35, 37, 40, 93–94, 123–25, 127, 134–35, 198, 203–4, 236–37, 241–44, 272–77

formulaic pattern,19

formulaic use, 214, 273

France,4

French, 4, 47, 140, 146–47, 149, 154, 297

functional assignment, 8–9, 97, 110, 137, 139, 209

functional marking, 91–93, 96–98, 100, 105, 110

functional structure, 9–10, 13, 36–41, 65–66, 77, 92–93, 95–96, 100, 107, 137, 139

functional uncertainty, 38–39, 86

fusional,7

G

generic, 31, 33, 36, 44–45, 167–68, 173, 176, 187, 189, 197–98, 200–201, 208–9, 221–22, 224, 259

genitive, 24, 33, 35, 101

German, 4, 6, 65, 91, 95–97, 105–6, 111, 140, 146–47, 149, 154–55

GF, 11–12, 39, 69, 85

goal, 10, 12, 66, 71–73, 80, 85, 95–98, 100, 107–10, 160

grammaticised, 7–9, 12, 36, 44, 49, 104, 123, 182, 191, 200

grammaticised discourse functions, 7–9, 12, 123

H

heritage language, 28, 97, 103, 110, 113

heritage speakers, 7, 20, 103–4, 113

Hindi, 1–2, 17, 19, 91, 93–94, 100–114, 303

Hungarian, 147, 149, 154

I

Icelandic, 6, 21, 93, 106, 114

implicational scaling,44

indefinite, 168, 172, 177, 182–83, 185–86, 235, 247–53

indefinite classifiers,172

indefinite quantifiers, 172, 177, 182–83, 185–86, 235, 248–53

Indonesia, 2–3, 18, 21, 231–32, 239, 254, 256, 301

Indonesian, 3, 17, 22, 58, 62, 147, 149, 154, 156, 170, 231–57

in-situ languages, 13, 15, 117–18, 122, 139

instruction, 12, 18, 20, 22, 24, 58, 60, 231–32, 238–40, 248, 250–51, 253–54, 256, 294, 296

instrument, 10–11, 66, 136

intermediate stage, 11, 15, 17, 63, 70, 85, 192, 203

interrogative, 115–16, 120–23, 129, 132, 140, 194, 202, 241–44, 258–59, 262, 275–77

isolating, 7, 69–70, 117

Italian, 4, 7, 18, 21, 23–24, 27, 57, 59, 69–70, 85–86, 142, 232, 253–55

iteration, 18, 165, 169, 172, 176, 178–87

iterative, 18, 165, 169, 172, 176, 178–87

J

Japan, 2–5, 19, 21–22, 46–47, 126, 140, 142, 146–47, 149, 159, 161, 205–6, 208, 299, 303

Japanese, 3–4, 6–7, 17–19, 21–22, 27–51, 53–62, 64–66, 75–76, 85–87, 115–62, 191–97, 199–201, 203–11, 213–27, 235, 253–55, 280–85, 287–95, 297–99, 301–3

Japan Foundation, 4, 22, 47

JFL (Japanese Forign Language), 17, 148–49

JSL (Japanese as a second language), 28–32, 35, 37–39, 42–43, 50, 54, 56, 58, 145–46, 148–49, 151

K

Korean, 1, 30–31, 44, 47, 49–50, 62, 146–49, 151–52, 154, 158, 160–61

K-Pop,1

L

L2, 3–7, 9–12, 17–18, 20–21, 27–37, 43–51, 53–57, 59, 61–91, 93–100, 102–13, 115–16, 120–27, 136–41, 144–62, 231–36, 253–55, 280–81, 283–88, 294–303

language education, 1–5, 18–19, 21–22, 53, 56, 59–61, 161, 255–56, 280–81, 286, 296, 301, 303

language generation, 4, 6–7, 9, 17, 21, 23, 36, 60, 107, 189, 198

lemma, 6, 18–19, 33–35, 40, 124–25, 134–35, 171–72, 176, 178–79, 183–85, 198, 203–5, 215, 236–37, 239–40, 271–75, 283–84

lexical development, 10, 12, 40, 45, 48, 54–55, 63–89, 115, 189–90, 204, 231–32, 239–41, 251–53, 255, 301–2

Lexical Functional Grammar, 5, 30, 116, 157, 194, 202, 283

Lexical Mapping Hypothesis, 7–12, 16–17, 31, 35–37, 39–40, 42, 44, 48, 63–65, 67, 69–71, 75, 84–85

Lexical Mapping Theory, 7–9, 44, 58, 63, 65, 67, 141, 302

lexical plural, 168, 171, 178, 180, 231–32, 234–35, 237, 240, 245–51, 253, 283, 290–94

LFG, 5, 7–10, 12–13, 30–32, 34, 36–37, 39, 43–44, 65–67, 73, 95, 106, 109–11, 157

listener, 5, 9–11, 36, 55, 67, 69

listener's attention, 5, 9–11, 36, 67, 69

locative, 10, 12, 20, 41, 57, 66, 70–72, 79–80, 85, 108, 198

longitudinal, 29, 34–35, 42–43, 45–48, 55–56, 58, 63–65, 106, 122–24, 129, 138–39, 144–47, 149, 152–54, 157–59, 169, 171, 234–35, 260, 274–77

M

Malay, 7, 18, 44, 62, 165–87, 189–91, 227, 235, 253, 256–57

Malaysia, 2, 165, 172–74, 187, 235, 254, 257, 302

Mandarin Chinese, 1–2, 4, 17, 19, 73, 86–87, 189, 255, 259, 261, 276

manga, 1, 24, 112

mapping, 7–13, 16–17, 31, 34–37, 39–42, 44–45, 47–51, 63–89, 91–93, 95–99, 103, 105, 108, 110, 141

markedness, 10, 188

markedness hierarchy,10

Mean Length of Utterance,180

middle stage,12

MLU, 180, 182, 197, 199, 207–9, 212, 247

morpheme, 16, 29–30, 49–50, 86, 88, 169–70, 172, 188, 190–91, 193, 234–35, 249–50, 255, 283–84, 288–89

morphological stage, 32–35, 45–46, 53, 156, 165, 236, 247–48, 250, 283–84, 288, 290

morphological structure, 10, 98, 145, 166, 183, 188, 224, 283–84, 288, 290, 295

morphology, 27–30, 32–35, 46–47, 49, 53–54, 57–58, 111–12, 187–89, 209, 215, 224, 252, 283–84, 287–88, 297–300

multiple arguments, 63, 71, 73, 79, 85, 110

multiple constraints hypothesis, 106, 110, 113, 276, 298

N

narrative, 19, 160, 162, 280, 285, 288, 290–97, 299

nominative-accusative alignment, 91, 94

non-canonical, 34, 36, 38, 44, 48–49, 96–98, 122–23, 125, 138–39, 258, 263–64, 267–69, 271–74

non-configurational language, 8, 23

non-configurational languages, 8, 23

nondefault mapping, 40–42, 45, 47–48, 50–51, 53, 67–71, 73, 75, 81, 84–85, 93

North America, 4–5

NP agreement, 170–72, 184, 186, 209, 215, 234–35, 237, 246, 248, 250–51

numeral classifiers, 172, 191, 233, 284, 297

O

object, 8, 10, 15, 39, 64–65, 73, 91–115, 119, 137, 180–81, 192–93, 198, 212–13, 219, 221–22

OBJθ,13

OBLθ,13

P

particles, 28, 31–33, 35, 38–39, 42–43, 115–20, 135–37, 193–96, 199–202, 205–6, 218, 222–23, 226

passive, 5, 8–9, 11–12, 33–34, 36, 40–41, 44–47, 50–53, 60, 63–64, 67–69, 71, 73–74, 77, 81–87

patient, 8, 10–12, 31, 35–42, 66, 68, 70–71, 73–75, 77, 83–85, 91, 95, 108

perfective, 93–94, 101–2, 104–5, 107, 110, 258

perfectivity, 93–94, 101–2, 104–5, 107, 110, 258

performance, 29, 50–54, 154, 158, 161–62, 256, 277, 281, 285, 288, 291, 295, 297–99

Persian, 169, 189

phrasal plural, 177–78, 186, 209, 231–33, 235–37, 240, 245, 249–53, 283–84, 290–94

phrasal procedure, 50, 53, 107, 109, 156–57, 172, 177, 179, 184–87, 208–10, 236–37, 249, 252–53, 283–84

plural, 18–19, 22, 162, 165–73, 175–91, 227, 231–37, 240, 245–57, 280–85, 287–88, 290–96, 299

plural agreement, 70, 170–72, 186, 191, 209, 231, 234–35, 237, 246, 248–51, 253

plurality, 165–67, 169–70, 178, 180–83, 185, 190, 233–34, 243, 251, 255, 284–85

polar questions, 13, 18, 118, 120, 123, 129, 192–279

positional marking, 92, 96–98

possession, 24, 35, 47, 64, 198, 212–13, 219, 235–36, 241–44, 266, 299

possessions, 24, 35, 47, 64, 198, 212–13, 219, 235–36, 241–44, 266, 299

possessive, 24, 64, 235–36, 241–44, 266, 299

predicate-argument relationship, 9, 67

predicative, 9–10, 28, 31–32, 60, 125, 135, 137, 139, 193, 198, 203, 260, 263

prefabricated patterns, 19, 258, 265, 267, 273, 275–76

processing hierarchy, 5–6, 16, 63–64, 70, 99, 157, 283

Prominence Hypothesis, 7–8, 12–19, 35–39, 115–16, 121–25, 127, 133–34, 138–39, 192, 194–95, 201–6, 213–16, 221–22, 224–25, 258–61

prosodic envelope, 18, 178–79, 184

prosodic means, 14, 184, 202–4, 206

prosodic structure, 9, 187, 213

psycholinguistic, 5, 7, 9–10, 20, 23, 61, 67, 161, 188–89, 226, 256–57

PT extensions, 5, 7–10, 19, 27, 98, 259, 281

Q

quantifiers, 129, 169, 172, 177–78, 182–86, 233–35, 237, 241–44, 248–53, 281, 283–84, 288, 290–92

question, 8–9, 13–18, 35, 55–56, 59–60, 75, 77–78, 83–84, 93, 107, 115–43, 168–69, 191–227, 258–77, 298–99

question markers, 93, 98, 195, 258, 263

question particle, 13, 115–16, 118–20, 135–36, 194–96, 200, 202, 205–6, 218, 222–23, 226

R

raising intonation,217

recipient, 8, 42, 68, 73, 98, 108, 258

reduplication, 18, 165–68, 171–72, 177–84, 191, 233, 254

relative prominence, 9, 12, 66, 100, 108, 110

role information, 10–11, 49, 69, 92, 97

Russian, 20, 23, 28, 31, 91, 95–97, 105, 111, 146–47, 149, 154

S

Samoan, 99, 112

scaling,44

second language acquisition, 13–14, 20–24, 27, 56–58, 60–62, 86–88, 111–13, 139–42, 144, 160–62, 189–91, 226–27, 234, 254–57, 275–77, 280–81, 296–99, 301–3

semantic case, 32–33, 35, 91, 98, 106–7, 110–11, 136, 139, 206

semantic prominence, 99–100, 108, 110, 112

Serbian, 7, 23, 60, 91, 95, 97, 112, 165, 189

Singapore, 2, 141

single word, 34–35, 37, 70–71, 123–25, 129–30, 134–35, 171–72, 178–79, 198–200, 203–4, 211, 215–18, 222–23, 236–37, 251, 258–59

SLI, 7, 57

Spanish, 2, 4, 7, 75–76, 98–99, 103, 106, 109, 112–13, 146–47, 149, 154, 287

Specific Language Impairment,7

split ergative, 17, 91–113

subject, 2–3, 8, 10–12, 15–16, 31, 36–38, 40, 64–65, 73, 91, 93–95, 99–102, 104–11, 153, 193, 201, 221–22, 238, 264–71, 287

suffix, 33, 62, 88, 166–71, 176–78, 182–83, 185–87, 193, 233, 243, 282

Swedish, 21–22, 24, 28, 57, 61, 65, 160, 166, 286, 292, 297, 299

T

Tagalog, 31, 147

Thai, 147, 149, 154–55

thematic hierarchy, 10–11, 66, 69–70, 73, 108, 110

theme, 10, 12, 18, 31, 35, 40, 55, 66–68, 70–71, 73, 85

topic, 7–9, 12–16, 32, 35–39, 42–43, 46, 64, 67, 86, 88, 99–100, 200–202, 206–7, 221–22, 259

topicalisation, 8–9, 12–14, 36, 38, 43, 47, 65, 88, 206

Topic Hypothesis, 7–9, 12–14, 35, 46, 67, 88, 201–2, 207, 221–22, 259

transitivity, 31–32, 91, 93–94, 101–2, 104–5, 108, 110, 137

Turkish, 7, 20, 24, 146–47, 149, 154, 276

two-word stage, 18–19, 192, 195–98, 203–6, 214–15, 222, 224–25

typological plausibility, 5, 7, 21, 57, 93, 194, 207, 255, 297

typology, 6, 13, 17, 112, 114, 117–19, 127, 140, 194

U

unaccusative, 11–12, 31, 58, 60, 70

Unaccusative Hypothesis, 31, 60

uncountable, 167–68, 233

unergative,31

unitisers,167

unmarked alignment, 70, 75, 84, 95–96, 99

US, 5, 7, 103, 296

V

Vietnam, 3, 21, 23, 235

Vietnamese, 3, 147, 149, 154, 170, 235–36, 252, 284–85

W

weaker language,174

wh-questions, 141–42, 193, 269, 277

wh-word, 13, 15, 35, 119–20, 195

word order, 13–15, 32, 35–39, 43, 96, 98, 116–25, 127–30, 132–35, 138–39, 193–95, 197–99, 203–6, 210, 214–15, 222, 224–25, 258–60, 262–63, 266–75

X

XP, 13–16, 38, 124–25, 138, 206

Y

yes-no questions, 193–95, 199, 201, 203–4, 211–13, 215–16