In:Processability and Language Acquisition in the Asia-Pacific Region
Edited by Satomi Kawaguchi, Bruno Di Biase and Yumiko Yamaguchi
[Processability Approaches to Language Acquisition Research & Teaching 9] 2023
► pp. 91–114
Chapter 4Extending PT to split ergative marking and differential object marking
Some hypotheses for L2 Hindi
Published online: 2 February 2023
https://doi.org/10.1075/palart.9.04bat
https://doi.org/10.1075/palart.9.04bat
Abstract
This chapter proposes a developmental sequence for the L2 acquisition of two linguistic phenomena in Hindi, namely split ergativity and differential object marking. The proposal builds on the universal key mechanisms of Processability Theory, i.e., the transfer of grammatical information between constituents (i.e., so-called ‘feature unification’) and the linking of arguments and constituents to grammatical functions (so-called ‘a-to-f mappings’ or ‘c-to-f mappings’), which have been successful in explaining the acquisition of case markers cross-linguistically, i.e., in L2 German, L2 Russian, and L2 Serbian. In addition, the proposal will build on newer developments within PT, which give greater weight to semantic considerations, as evident from a study on differential object marking in L2 Spanish. The present chapter will argue for a development that starts with emerging mappings between prototypical semantic characteristics of thematic roles and case marking, and that evolves to eventual associations of these mappings with grammatical functions.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.PT on L2 case acquisition
- 3.Hindi case marking
- 4.L2 acquisition of Hindi case marking
- 5.Developmental hypotheses on split ergativity and DOM in L2 Hindi
- 6.Conclusion
Notes References
References (59)
Aissen, J. (2003). Differential object marking. Iconicity versus economy. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 17, 673–711.
Artoni, D. (2013). The acquisition of case morphology in Russian as a second language (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Verona.
Artoni, D., & Magnani, M. (2013). LFG contributions in second language acquisition research: The development of case in L2 Russian. In M. Butt & T. Holloway King (Eds.), Proceedings of the LFG13 Conference (pp. 69–89). CSLI.
(2015). Acquiring case marking in Russian as a second language: An exploratory study on subject and object. In C. Bettoni & B. Di Biase (Eds.), Grammatical development in second languages: Exploring the boundaries of Processability Theory (Eurosla Monographs Series 3) (pp. 177–194). Eurosla.
Baten, K. (2013). The acquisition of the German case system by Dutch-speaking foreign language learners. John Benjamins.
(2019a). The elicitation of oral language production data: An exploration of the elicited imitation task. In R. Arntzen, G. Håkansson, A. Hjelde, J.-U. Keßler (eds.), Teachability and learnability across languages (pp. 97–118). John Benjamins.
(2019b). Teaching the German case system: A comparison of two approaches to the study of learner readiness. In A. Lenzing, H. Nicholas, & J. Roos (Eds.), Widening contexts for Processability Theory. John Benjamins.
Baten, K., & Verbeke, S. (2015). The acquisition of the ergative case in Hindi as a foreign language. In K. Baten, A. Buyl, K. Lochtman, & M. Van Herreweghe (Eds.), Theoretical and methodological developments in Processability Theory (pp. 71–104). John Benjamins.
Bossong, G. (1985). Empirische Universalienforschung: Differentielle Objektmarkierung in Neuiranischen Sprachen. Narr.
Butt, M. (2009a). Case in lexical-functional grammar. In A. Malchukov & A. Spencer (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of case (pp. 59–71). Oxford University Press.
(2009b). Modern approaches to case: An overview. In A. Malchukov & A. Spencer (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of case (pp. 27–43). Oxford University Press.
Butt, M., & King, T. H. (1991). Semantic case in Urdu. In L. Dobrin, L. Nichols, & R. M. Rodriguez (Eds.), Papers from the 27th regional meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, 31–45. CLS.
(2003). Case systems: Beyond structural distinctions. In E. Brandner & H. Zinsmeister (Eds.), New perspectives on case theory (pp. 53–87). CSLI.
(2004). The status of case. In V. Dayal & A. Mahajan (Eds.), Clause structure in South Asian languages (pp. 153–198). Kluwer.
Charters, H., & Muagututi’a, G. (2015). Processing alignments: Semantic, thematic and structural prominence in Samoan SLA. In K. Baten, A. Buyl, K. Lochtman, & M. Van Herreweghe (Eds.), Theoretical and methodological developments in Processability Theory (pp. 19–44). John Benjamins.
Dalrymple, M., & Nikolaeva, I. (2011). Objects and information structure. Cambridge University Press.
de Hoop, H., &. Narasimhan, B. (2005). Differential case marking in Hindi. In M. Amberber & H. de Hoop (Eds.), Competition and variation in natural languages: The case for case (pp. 321–346). Elsevier.
Deo, A., & Sharma, D. (2007). Typological variation in the ergative morphology of Indo-Aryan languages. Linguistic Typology, 10, 369–418.
Di Biase, B., Bettoni, C., & Medojevic, L. (2015). The development of case in a bilingual context: Serbian in Australia. In C. Bettoni & B. Di Biase (Eds.), Grammatical development in second languages: Exploring the boundaries of Processability Theory (Eurosla Monographs Series 3) (pp. 195–212). Eurosla.
Di Biase, B., & B. Hinger. (2015). Exploring the acquisition of differential object marking (DOM) in Spanish as a second language. In C. Bettoni & B. Di Biase (Eds.), Grammatical development in second languages: Exploring the boundaries of Processability Theory (Eurosla Monographs Series 3) (pp. 213–242). Eurosla.
Farley, A. P., & McCollam, K. (2004). Learner readiness and L2 production in Spanish: Processability Theory on trial. Estudios de Lingcüística Aplicada, 40, 47–69.
Håkansson, G. (2013). Processability Theory: Explaining developmental sequences. In M. del P. Garcia Mayo, M. J. Gutierrez Mangado, & M. Martinez Adrian (Eds.), Contemporary approaches to second language acquisition (pp. 111–128). John Benjamins.
Jakobson, R. (1971 [1936]). Beitrag zur allgemeinen Kasuslehre. In R. Jakobson (Ed.), Selected writings II (pp. 23–71). Mouton.
Johnston, M. (1995). Stages of acquisition of Spanish as a second language. Australian Studies in Language Acquisition, 4, 1–28.
Kachru, Y. (2006). Hindi. John Benjamins.
Keine, S. (2007). Reanalysing Hindi split-ergativity as a morphological phenomenon. In J. Trommer & A. Opitz (Eds.), 1-2-many (pp. 73–127). Linguistische Arbeitsberichte.
Lakshmanan, U. (2006). Child L2 acquisition and the fossilization puzzle. In Z. Han & T. Odlin (Eds.), Studies of fossilization in second language acquisition (pp. 100–133). Multilingual Matters.
Lenzing, A. (2013). The development of the grammatical system in early second language acquisition: The multiple constraints hypothesis. John Benjamins.
Lenzing, A., & Pienemann, M. (2015). Exploring the interface between morpho-syntax and discourse/pragmatics/semantics. In K. Baten, A. Buyl, K. Lochtman, & M. Van Herreweghe (Eds.), Theoretical and methodological developments in Processability Theory (pp. 105–112). John Benjamins.
Malchukov, A. L. (2008). Animacy and asymmetries in differential case marking. Lingua, 118, 203–221.
Montrul, S. (2012). Is the heritage language like a second language? Eurosla Yearbook, 12, 1–29.
Montrul, S., Bhatt, R., & Bhatia, A. (2012). Erosion of case and agreement in Hindi heritage speakers. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 2, 141–76.
Montrul, S., Bhatt, R., & Girju, R. (2015). Differential object marking in Spanish, Hindi and Romanian as heritage languages. Language, 91, 564–610.
Narasimhan, B. (2005). Splitting the notion of ‘agent’: Case-marking in early child Hindi. Journal of Child Language, 32, 787–803.
Narasimhan, B., Budwig, N., & Murty, L. (2005). Argument realization in Hindi caregiver-child discourse. Journal of Pragmatics, 37, 461–495.
Pienemann, M. (1998). Language processing and second language development: Processability Theory. John Benjamins.
Pienemann, M., Di Biase, B., & Kawaguchi, S. (2005). Extending Processability Theory. In M. Pienemann (Ed.), Cross-Linguistic aspects of Processability Theory (pp. 199–251). John Benjamins.
Pienemann, M., & Keßler, J.-U. (2012). Processability Theory. In S. Gass & A. Mackey (Eds.), Handbook of second language acquisition (pp. 228–246). Routledge.
Ponnet, A., Verbeke, S., & Baten, K. (2016). The acquisition of differential object marking in Hindi as a foreign language. Dutch Journal of Applied Linguistics, 5, 101–125.
Þorvaldsdóttir, S., & Garðarsdóttir, M. (2013). Fallatileinkun í íslensku sem öðru máli. Milli Mála, 5, 45–70.
Ranjan, R. (2016). Acquisition of ergative case in L2 Hindi-Urdu (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Iowa.
Tippets, I. (2011). Differential object marking: Quantitative evidence for underlying hierarchical constraints across Spanish dialects. In L. A. Ortiz-López (Ed.), Selected proceedings of the 13th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium (pp. 107–117). Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
Ura, H. (2006). A parametric syntax of aspectually conditioned split-ergativity. In A. Johns, D. Massam, & J. Ndayairagije (Eds.), Ergativity: Emerging issues (pp. 111–142). Springer.
Van Valin, R. (1992). An overview of ergative phenomena and their implications for language acquisition. In D. Slobin (Ed.), The crosslinguistic study of language acquisition (Vol. 3, pp. 15–37). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Vasishth, S., & Joseph, B. D. (2002). Constellations, polysemy, and Hindi KO. Proceedings of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (BLS), 28, 137–146.
Verbeke, S. (2013). Alignment and ergativity in New Indo-Aryan languages. Empirical approaches to language typology. Mouton De Gruyter.
Verbeke, S., & Ponnet, A. (Forthcoming). Animacy, specificity and verb semantics. What drives differential object marking in Hindi? Annals of Hindi Studies.
Cited by (2)
Cited by two other publications
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 28 november 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.
