Abbreviations

Adverb fronting

auxiliary

auxiliary contracted

auxiliary and lexical verb with the -ing suffix

auxiliary and invariant lexical verb

auxiliary be and invariant lexical verb

auxiliary have and invariant lexical verb

Wh- question with base (invariant) auxiliary after Wh- word

Cancel Inversion

core-meaning-elements-only

Copula Inversion

Do2nd and Aux2nd

Do-Fronting

developmental problem

emergence

free variation

gender

imperfective

first language

second language

Lexical Functional Grammar

Modal followed by Verb

Noun

Negator followed by Verb

Noun Phrase

Noun Phrase agreement

Noun in invariant form with plural referent

numeral + noun

Number

object

auxiliary omission

auxiliary omission

NP subject omitted, and, optionally, other constituents

NP subject omitted, and, optionally, other constituents

Past irregular

perfective

person

plural (determiner) + noun

plural-s

possessive pronoun

predicator

present

progressive or continuous aspect

singular

subject

subject verb object word order

Tense agreement

underpinned variation

the -ing suffix on the verb and no auxiliary verb

variational options

Verb Phrase

contexts of third person singular

Wh- question with Wh- word in final position

Wh-Fronting

Wh– question with a contracted auxiliary

Wh– question lacking NP subject and other constituents

Wh– question with a lexical verb

Wh- question

adjunction of any phrase

Yes/No Inversion