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In:Germanic Interrelations: Studies in memory of Hans Frede Nielsen
Edited by Stephen Laker, Carla Falluomini, Steffen Krogh, Robert Nedoma and Michael Schulte
[NOWELE Supplement Series 34] 2025
► pp. 72–81

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The etymology of Old Frisian ink ‘angry’

ORCiD logo with link | Universiteit Leiden | Fryske Akademy Leeuwarden
ORCiD logo with link | Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München | Universität Basel
 | Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften — Arbeitsstelle Jena
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Available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

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Published online: 6 May 2025
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https://doi.org/10.1075/nss.34.04bre
Abstract
The meaning of rarely attested Old Frisian ink ‘angry’ has never been contested in the history of Old Frisian lexicography. For its etymology, on the other hand, scholars have not yet been able to arrive at a satisfactory result. This contribution demonstrates that the adjective ink is related to Old Icelandic økkr ‘lump, heavy clod; tumor, protuberance’ and Modern Swedish ink ‘blood lump, hemorrhoid (with horses)’, reflexes of Proto-Germanic *enkwa- ‘swollen’, related to Latin inguen ‘groin, underbelly’ and Greek ἀδήν ‘gland, swelling’, ultimately descending from Indo-European *h1engw-ó-.
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