In:The Carthaginian North: Semitic influence on early Germanic: A linguistic and cultural study
Robert Mailhammer and Theo Vennemann
[NOWELE Supplement Series 32] 2019
► pp. v–viii
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Published online: 24 October 2019
https://doi.org/10.1075/nss.32.toc
https://doi.org/10.1075/nss.32.toc
Table of contents
Acknowledgements
Preface
Chapter 1.Introduction
1.Lexicon
2.Morphology: The Germanic strong verbs
2.1Functionalization of ablaut
2.1.1Ablaut in Proto-Indo-European
2.1.2Functionalized ablaut in the Proto-Germanic strong verbs
2.2Systematized ablaut in the Proto-Germanic strong verb
2.3Uniformization of stem formation in the Germanic strong verbs
2.4Reduction of verb categories
3.Syntax
3.1Proto-Indo-European word order
3.2Proto-Germanic word order
3.2.1Proto-Germanic word order: SOV or SVO?
3.2.2Proto-Germanic word order: V2
3.2.3Proto-Germanic V1
3.3Proto-Germanic split word order: V1/V2 vs. V-late
4.Issues in the oldest Germanic writing system
Transliteration/sound value
5.Summary of explananda in Proto-Germanic
Chapter 2.Theoretical foundations
1.How we look at contact-induced change
2.Types of contact-induced change and common outcomes
2.1Common outcomes of RL agentivity
2.2Common outcomes of SL agentivity
2.3Neutralization of agentivity
3.The reconstruction of contact-induced change
Chapter 3.Context, location and initial contact setting
1.Setting the stage
2.The first phase: slow language shift to Punic
3.The second phase: Koinézation and Re-Germanicization
4.Summary: towards a time line
Chapter 4.Punic elements in the Proto-Germanic lexicon
1.PGmc. +fulka- ‘division of an army’
2.PGmc. +flukka- ‘flock, company, troop’
3.West Gmc. +plōg- ‘plough’
4.Gmc. +pleha-/+plega- ‘to cultivate’
5.PGmc. +sibjō- ‘sib, extended family, clan, kinfolk’
6.PGmc. +aþal-/+aþil-/+aþul- ‘nobility, noble’,
+ōþil-/+ōþal- ‘inherited landed property’
7.PGmc. +erþō ‘earth’
8.PGmc. +skellingaz / +skillingaz ‘shilling’
9.West Gmc. +paning, +panning, +panding ‘penny’
10.PGmc. +smītan ‘to smite’, +smiþaz ‘smith’
11.Phoenician loanwords “from everyday life”
11.1PGmc. +ebura- ‘male pig’
11.2PGmc. +krabba- ‘crab, shrimp’
12.Possible covert Punic influences in Proto-Germanic
12.1Gender of PGmc. +sunnōn f. ‘sun’ and +mēnōn m. ‘moon’
12.2Gmc. norþ- adj., adv., noun ‘north, north wind’
Chapter 5.Punic influence in the Germanic verb system: The strong verbs
1.The contact situation
2.Problematic Germanic features and Punic
2.3Predictable present tense stem
2.4Temporal opposition in Punic
3.The transfer
3.1Contact-induced change I: the innovations
3.1.1Contact-induced changes to the verb categories
3.1.2Loss of reduplication in the strong preterit
3.1.3Systematization and uniformization of ablaut
3.2Contact-induced change II: spread and change
Chapter 6.Explaining the Germanic split word order
Chapter 7.The origin of the oldest Germanic writing system
1.The eight questions and their answers
1.1Question 1
1.2Question 2
1.3Question 3
1.3.1Punic B /b/, Late Punic B /ʋ/
1.3.2Punic G /g/, Late Punic G /ɰ/
1.3.3Punic D /d/, Late Punic D /ð/
1.3.4Punic He
1.3.5Summary of answer to Question 3
1.4Question 4
1.5Question 5
1.6Question 6
1.7Question 7
1.8Question 8
2.The runes for the mediae, b g d
3.The doubling theory: An additional argument
4.The doubling theory: A further application
5.More on the rune order in the rune rows
6.The vowel runes
6.1The ï rune, ᛇ
6.2The i rune, ᛁ
6.3The e rune п, ᛖ
6.4The o rune, ᛟ
6.5Vowel letters in Greek and Germanic: A brief comparison
6.5.1Greek (Jensen 1969: 446–447)
6.5.2Germanic
7.Conclusion
Chapter 8.Extralinguistic evidence
1.Overview: Carthage and the world at 500 BCE
1.1Introduction
1.2Carthage and her empire at 500 BC
2.Carthaginian trade and sea voyages
2.1Carthaginian sea trade with the north
2.2The voyage of Himilco
3.Religion
3.1Balder
3.2The Vanir, one of two families of Germanic deities
3.3Phol and Balder
3.3.1Phol and Balder: The evidence
3.1.2Phol and Balder: Twelve observations
3.4Punic religion in Germania? Historical consequences
4.Archaeological evidence for a Punic presence in the North and Baltic Seas
5.Genetic evidence
Chapter 9.Conclusion
1.Unexplained linguistic features in Proto-Germanic
2.Why Punic?
3.Where to from here?
References
Index
